Akinfiy Demidov (1678-1745): biography, onye ndụ, ndị nketa

Industrialist Akinfiy Nikitich Demidov (1678-1745) bụ nwa Nikity Demidova - nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze nke kasị n'ọrụ nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ọ mepụtara nna ya na-arụ ọrụ, ma meghee a ọtụtụ ụlọ mmepụta ihe, nke na-akụkụ dị mkpa nke na anụ ụlọ aku na uba.

agwa

Akinfiy Nikitich A mụrụ Tula na 1678 (kpọmkwem ụbọchị a mụrụ ya amaghị). Demidov ikwu dịla ama n'ihi na ya omenkà na ndị na-uzú. Na Tula Akinfy ezinụlọ ekesịpde factory maka ígwè n'oké, nakwa dị ka a factory n'ihi na mmepụta nke-eji égbè agbagbu. Mgbe uzo nke na Asaa na XVIII narị afọ. Demidov azụmahịa we rigo n'ugwu. Nikita zutere na Pita na m ghọrọ ya onye-isi na ogwe aka soplaya n'oge Akwa Northern War.

Na 1702, Demidov natara mbụ ala na Urals, ebe ha ghọrọ ndị ọsụ ụzọ n'ime anụ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ. Akinfiy kpaliri ikpere "Stone echebe Mmadụ" mgbe nna ya. Industrialist nketa onwe aka na-ewu na-akwadebe nke ọhụrụ osisi. Ya na nna ya o ketara eketa bụghị naanị enterprise, ma ike na-echebe ha ọdịmma n'ihu agadi ọchịchị na ndị ukwu. Ka ihe atụ, Demidov Akinfiy Nikitich natara n'usoro nke State Councillor ma a nchebe na onye nke mmasị nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Anna Biron.

Na a mkparịta ụka na ndị ọchịchị Akinfiy dabeere na nkwado na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa isi. N'etiti ndị ya enyi bụ president nke Commerce College Petr Shafirov na Ivan Cherkasov - ụlọ ọrụ odeakwụkwọ nke Queen Elizabeth. Ndị a so mee ka Akinfiy Nikitich Demidov afọ iri abụọ na-eji nwayọọ na-eche nna ukwu nke ikpe metụtara ya ahịa.

Mgbe onyeisi ezinụlọ azụmahịa

Nikita Demidov akpa ke 1725. Diọkpara malitere ozugbo inye nna ya alaeze ukwu. Ọ mepụtara factory akụrụngwa, n'ezigbo okporo ụzọ, na-ewu ọhụrụ ulo oru. N'ihi na afọ iri abụọ, na-akụ nwere Akinfiy Demidov, okpukpu atọ. Mgbe mbụ pụtara na Urals ụlọ mmepụta ihe na mmịpụta na nhazi nke Asbestos, malachite na ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume na mineral.

Total Akinfiy Demidov wuru 17 ụlọ ọrụ nke n'oké ígwè na ọla kọpa. The isi oru ngo nke ndụ ya ghọrọ Nizhny Tagil factory. Na àgwà na ihe bụ abụghị usụhọde Western European asọmpi. The ụlọ ọrụ natara ọhụrụ ngwá n'oge ahụ. Atụ, ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ taa. Mgbe Nizhniy Tagil osisi gbawara ọkụ e meghere, nke ghọrọ ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa. Nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ Demidov Akinfiy Nikitich Mụbara Production ígwè ugboro ise. Site na njedebe nke ndụ ya ọ bụ onye nwe nke 25 ụlọ mmepụta ihe, ebe 23,000 ndị mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ.

Mgbe Nizhny Tagil osisi, bụ nke malitere ime ihe na 1725, na-etinye Shaitansky (na 1727-m Shaytanka - a tributary nke Chusovaya) Chernoistochensky (na 1728-m na osimiri Black Source - a tributary Tagil) na Utkinsky (na 1729 m na Duck River - a tributary nke Chusovaya).

ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ

Ọbụna Nikita Demidov natara ikike ịzụlite a adaba ebe ke Revda osimiri si Wolf Mountain. Mepụta ngo nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze na-enweghị oge. Construction were Akinfiy. First e wuru ancillary Nizhnechugunsky, Verhnechugunsky na Korelskiy osisi (na ha kwere ka na 1730). Na nanị mgbe na ọ malitere iwu nke isi osisi. Revdinsky osisi maka nhazi nke ígwè e wuru na 1734.

Nikita Akinfiy Demidovy echefughị banyere ochie ha akụ. Nwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-emelite Vyisky osisi pụtara na nna-ya. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kilns ya amụbawo ruo iri. Na 1729 e nwere ọkụ na osisi, n'ihi na nke ọ na-abaghị uru n'ihi na oge ụfọdụ. E nwere ihe ọzọ nsogbu. Ya ore ẹdude ukwuu ígwè na ndị ogbenye mma. Na njikọ na nke a reorganization Akinfiy nọrọ. First, osisi ghọrọ egweri ọla kọpa ọkara okokụre ngwaahịa na-emepụta n'oge ndị ọzọ mines. Mgbe ahụ, ọ pụtara n'ume ọkụ.

Na 1729, site iwu nke Mining College e wuru ọzọ osisi Akinfy Demidova - Ọla kọpa Suksunsky. Ọ na-emi odude 45 kilomita site n'obodo Kungur. Ọnọdụ maka osisi n'akụkụ osimiri họọrọ Sukusun - a obere tributary nke Sylva. Nkume-ya dam nwere ogologo 120 yaadị. Ọ bụ isi obodo ụlọ. The ore na-anapụta ndị na osisi si bym Basin. Mgbakwunye bụghị ihe ịga nke ọma. Ebe ọ bụ na ore bụ akwụ, ọ dịghị onye pụrụ kpọmkwem na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebuka nke ngwaọrụ. Ọ tụgharịrị na ọ bụ nanị afọ ole na ole. Ebe ọ bụ na ufọt ufọt 1730 si. Suksunsky factory aku nhicha ọla kọpa ọkara okokụre ngwaahịa.

N'okpuru nrụgide nke nchoputa

Ndị kasị sie ike oge nke ndụ Akinfiya Nikiticha 1733-1735 gg. A afọ ole na ole Demidov na-agụnye elu-profaịlụ ikpe, butere a "N'ihi ya nke particularistic osisi." Na 1733, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Anna nyere rụchaa nkwenye nke ego nkwupụta nke niile metallopromyshlennikov mba. The usoro E duziri Commerce osisi. Na Demidov osisi bịara auditors. A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ha anakọtara akwụkwọ na a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ mkpara.

Mgbe ịlele na St. Petersburg me ihe karịrị 500 ji ede okwu. Ìhè nke eziokwu nke izere ịtụ ụtụ isi na ọjọọ. Ọtụtụ data bụ ụgha. Demidov nweere ya anyaụfụ ma Akinfiy dị ka onyeisi ezinụlọ, ghọrọ ihe nkatọ. O were ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri. Akinfi aghaghị ịkwụ ụgwọ nnukwu Iwu na azụ ụtụ isi. N'ihi na a mgbe ọ na-ọbụna machibidoro iwu na-ahapụ isi obodo, ebe iwu na obodo. Na njedebe, Demidov jisiri ọgụ azụ. Ihe kacha mkpa na-ekwu bụ ihe mgbu Altay ụlọ mmepụta ihe. Otú ọ dị, ha Akinfiy nọgidere.

Na Altai

Akinfiy industrialist Demidov, onye biography na-ekwu okwu nke ya dị ka a nwoke nke kasị ukwuu oké ọchịchọ, nke mbụ nke usoro ndị eze malitere ya mgbasa na Western Siberia. Site na nwata o nwere mmasị àkù nke Altai Territory, ebe ọ na-mgbe ụfọdụ zigara iledo ịchọ ore. Akpa, ọla kọpa ahụ n'ebe ahụ.

Ma, ọtụtụ Akinfiy chọrọ ịhụ silver. Iji malite na mmepụta nke a dị oké ọnụ ahịa metal kwere nkwa na Peter m ka na-Nikita Demidov. Great edidem chere Altai obi ụtọ ozi ọma, ma na-eche. The mbụ silver Akinfiy samples natara na 1726. Otú ọ dị, analysis rụrụ site ọkachamara gosiri na ore bụ ogbenye nke na ulo oru mmepụta. Ma mgbe na Demidov nyeghị elu.

silver Rush

Agbalị idozi nsogbu, Akinfiy Nikitich rịọrọ mba ọzọ ọkachamara ọrụ. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ Philip Treyger. Nke a Saxon ama nwere ahụmahụ nke na-arụ ọrụ na ọlaọcha. Na 1733 ọ nọ na-aku ngagharị na Bear Island na White Oké Osimiri. N'oge a, ndị German ịga nke ọma na-adịghị enweta.

Odida naanị akpasu industrialist. Akinfiy Demidov, onye biography bụ Agba ike nke agwa nke mmadụ, ogologo agba nkịtị na-na ule na ihe ize ndụ. Mgbe ngafe nke nkwekọrịta Treygera o goro ọzọ si mba ọzọ ọkachamara: Yunggansa Johann na Ioganna Hristiani. Europe nwetara insanely elu ụgwọ ọnwa nke 600 na 400 rubles. Demidov emeghị skimp, na-achọ naanị n'ihi, na n'ikpeazụ nwetara ya.

Na-ege ntị na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu

Na 1744 Akinfiy natara Altai silver. Ọ gara ozugbo Moscow, ebe n'oge ahụ a nwa oge yad Elizabeth. Na-ege ntị emeputa na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Altaian silver Bullion. Onyinye mesịrị bụrụ na oge. Akụ dị nnọọ enweghị oké ọnụ ahịa metal. Gosiri na ya nwere obi ụtọ chọpụtara, entrepreneur ozugbo merie nri wuo ụlọ mmepụta ihe na nke Altai. Ke adianade do, o mekwara ndị Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na ebutere ha ulo oru ozugbo na Imperial Cabinet (ie isi nke ala), ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ndị ibe ha na-isi.

The eke nke Tula osisi

Site na njedebe nke ndụ ya Akinfiy Nikitich site Altai na Ural mines nyere ezinụlọ a gbasaghị n'ọdịnihu. Otú ọ dị, e nwere na manu-otite ada na manu-otite. Nke nta nke nta agonized Tula factory - akpa ego nke Demidov. Ya nwayọọ nwayọọ nwụọ e kwuwo na a mpe nke coal, n'ihi na nke ọ na-aghọ na-abaghị uru iji domain. Ke adianade do, na Tula industrialist nwere oké njọ mpi na ihu nke ukara ọchịchị na ngwá agha mmepụta.

N'ime afọ iri abụọ nke onwe ha management nke ezinụlọ azụmahịa Akinfiy bụghị wuru otu factory na Central akụkụ nke Russia. Ọ na-esiwanye na-adọrọ mmasị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - na Urals na Altai. Na ọnọdụ ndị a, ịnọgide na-enwe na-abaghị uru mmepụta Tula emeghị ka uche. Na 1744, Demidov kwụsịrị a otu gbawara ọkụ osisi Gdańsk, wuru site nna-ya.

mwube nke ụka

Ọ maara na obi Akinfy nna mara Bible. Nwa-nwoke ji okpukpe kpọrọ. The nwa afọ Tula ya na ya ji ego wuru abụọ ụka. Nicholas-Zaretsky bụ a okpukpu abụọ brick na. Ọ na-emi odude n'ili nke Demidov na ili n'onwe ya Akinfy Demidov. The temple bụ raara na 1735, aha ya atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-chebere. Ọzọ ụka (na-na aha Nikolaya Chudotvortsa) e wuru na Akinfiy Chulkova mmezi, na gburugburu Tula. Ebe ọ ẹbụk nwunye nke mbụ Evdokia Tarasovna industrialist.

Akinfiy na schismatics

Na 1730. ọchịchị nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu malitere ọzọ nkuzi megide Old kwere ekwe. Ural bụ a region ebe nọmba elu karịsịa. Old kwere ekwe ọsọ n'ebe ahụ na Asaa na narị afọ, mgbe gbawara n'etiti na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia, mere site na mgbanwe nke Onyeisi Nikon. Nikita Demidov Kerzhakov ifịk ifịk dọtara na-arụ ọrụ na ya na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na. Otu a na-eme na Akinfiy.

Banyere Demidov dissenters puworo n'anya ngụkọta oge. Ọzọ ọnụ ala oru na ego na-enye ohere iji nweta uru ka ukwuu ma belata-akwụ ụgwọ. The ala chọ mata dissenters iji mee ka ha pụrụ iche anatara, dị ka iwu, ịmanye onye ọzọ na tax. Demidov kpuchie kwere ekwe. Ọ na-anọgide a controversial ajụjụ ma ya onwe ya bụ a schismatic. The eziokwu na ezinụlọ ya nke industrialists Tula na Asaa narị afọ e weere a center nke mma n'ihi na ndị mmadụ na-agba ọsọ mkpagbu chọọchị. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị definitive àmà na-egosi na Akinfiy Demidov, onye ndụ nke nọgidere na nzuzo, bụ Old kwere ekwe, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-adịghị a hụrụ.

ọnwụ

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ Akinfiya Nikiticha wee na ụzọ. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ bụ na Urals, Tula, ma ọ bụ na St. Petersburg. The oge ikpeazụ nke onyeisi ezinụlọ wee laghachi n'ụlọ na 1745. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ gara Urals. On ụzọ ọ kwụsịrị na Nizhny Novgorod Akinfiy patrimony. Gụkwuo ụzọ ya mere site na Kama efere. Ebe a Akinfiy Nikitich chere ọjọọ. Ọ nwụrụ na August 5, 1745, ke iru ha ụlọ mmepụta ihe.

Biographers kwere na ebe ọnwụ nke industrialist obodo Yatskoe n'Ọnụ. Chapter usoro ndị eze lie Tula. Akinfi bụ seventieth afọ nke ndụ. Ọ bụ a siri ike-Willed na uchu mmadụ, mụrụ ọ na-erughị akụkọ omimi karịa ya a ma ama nna ya.

Personal ndụ

Industrialist agbamakwụkwọ egwuri ugboro abụọ (na oge mbụ na Evdokia Korobkova, n'ihi na nke abụọ oge na 1723 - na Efmi Paltseva). Akinfiya Demidova nwunye ya mụụrụ ya ụmụ abụọ. Si alụmdi na nwunye na Evdokia bụ ụmụ Procopius na Gregory, si alụmdi na nwunye ya na Efim - nwa Nikita na nwa Euphemia.

Ka nna ya, Akinfiy Demidov bụ naanị nwe nke ezinụlọ azụmahịa. Ná mgbalị iji chebe ike n'ezi ihe nke akụ, obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya mere a uche na nke fọrọ nke nta niile na ihe onwunwe na-aga ọdụdụ nwa Nikita. Ndị ọzọ na abụọ ndị nketa - Prokofiev na Gregory - nwetara obi umeala onwunwe na mines na European anāchi achi. Nke a ga-e haziri Akinfiev n'okpuru nduzi nke abụọ ya na nwunye Efimov.

nketa

Prokofiev Gregory enweghị afọ ojuju na ha onwe ha mbak, mgbe ọnwụ nke nna ya gbara akwụkwọ a Arịrịọ aha Elizabeth. Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nyere a mma mkpesa. The ike nke revalued onwunwe ma kee ya ụzọ atọ hà akụkụ. Prokofy natara Nevyansky na Nizhny Novgorod osisi, Gregory - ụlọ ọrụ nke Tula na Urals, Nikita - Nizhnetagilskye ụlọ ọrụ.

Ya mere, ụmụaka Akinfy Demidova akọrọ tupu a otu mgbagwoju nke so nna nna ha na nna. Ke adianade do, nke onwunwe zigara steeti. State-ekesịpde ígwè Altai mines. Otú o sina nketa Akinfy chebe ma na-amụba ihe fọdụrụ n'aka ha. Demidov usoro nọgidere bụrụ otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na Russia nwere ruo ọtụtụ afọ.