Andrianov compass - nna nna nke ndị nke oge a igodo

Aga onwe ha njem, ọ bụla njem nleta na-eche echiche nke ọma banyere gị ụzọ. Ghara arapu họọrọ ụzọ, mkpa navigation ngwaọrụ. (Адрианова) – дешевый, надежный и компактный инструмент, помогающий путешественнику сориентироваться на местности. Compass Andrianova (Hadrian) - ọnụ ala, a pụrụ ịdabere na na kọmpat ngwá ọrụ iji nyere ndị njem ịchọta ụzọ ha n'ala.

Analọg vs. digital navigation ngwaọrụ

N'ụwa taa, nke a na-idei mmiri na ụdị nile nke na ngwaọrụ na Ngwa na njem nleta na-ahọrọ electronic GPS-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri kama a akwụkwọ map na a compass, nnọọ na-echefu na anya maka ichaji batrị nọgidere n'ụlọ, na satellite mgbaàmà n'oge kwesịrị nwere ike ifu efu. Ezi na ugbu a topographic map na njikọ na compass ka nọgide na-na isi nghazi nke ngwaọrụ na nrutu nke anụ.

Ọzọkwa, e nwere ihe omume pụrụ iche na a na-akpọ orienteering, ebe sonyere na-egosi apụ ha ike kpaa nkata a ụzọ na-eso ya kpọmkwem, na-eji naanị a map na compass.

iche compasses

Nke mbụ, e nwere ndị compasses, electronic na-adọ adọ.

Site electronically na-agụnye: radio compasses (ịrịba ama - ọ bụla iyi nke radio ebili mmiri), electronic njem compasses (ịrịba ama - na ndọta nke mbara ala anyị, nke-ekpebi ụzọ nke sensọ na ibe) na GPS / GLONASS-ụgbọ mmiri na (ịrịba ama - n'ókè na ọnọdụ nke orbiting Satellites). Nke a bụ ihe kasị ezi na ihe ndị kasị elu ngwaọrụ nke ịchọpụta na ọnọdụ nke ihe na ohere.

The nnọchiteanya nke ndị na-esonụ iche iche - magnetik compasses - na-eji onye ka ọtụtụ puku afọ. The mbụ ngwaahịa nke magnetik ígwè ore, dị nnọọ na-atụ na otu njedebe nke South, nke ọzọ n'ebe ugwu, echepụta na China karịa puku afọ abụọ gara aga na a na-akpọ "synan" - "isi nke South."

), военные, геологические, гироскопические, астрономические и компасы-буссоли. Iji na-agụnye a magnetik njem (gụnyere Andrianov compass), agha, geological, gyroscopic, compasses, nkà mmụta mbara igwe na compass. Ha niile na-arụ ọrụ na otu ụkpụrụ, na-wuru na yiri nkata, na dị iche naanị na a ole na ole mgbakwunye na-eme ka a gbasoo otu ụdị pụrụ iche na-akọwapụta akporo nke ngwá.

A na-ahụkarị nnọchiteanya nke otu bụ Andrianov compass. Chepụtara na narị afọ gara aga, nke a nchọgharị na ngwá ọrụ na-ka na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eji eme njem nleta n'ụwa nile.

Compass Andrianova (photos, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke)

Na 1907, ndị nkà Russian engineer na agha cartographer Vladimir Nikolaevich Adrianov ọkọnọ mbụ e nyere n'iwu nke agha compass. The mfe nke imewe, pụrụ ịdabere na izi ezi nke mepụtara me nnukwu ewu ewu. Na nsọpụrụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ si ngwaọrụ a na-akpọ a compass Hadrian. Na ndị na-esonụ afọ ruo ugbu oge anyị na-emekarị-ekpu aha nke nchepụta, site na-agbakwụnye na akwụkwọ ozi "n." ». N'ihi ya, otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ewu ewu na ngwaọrụ njem natara ihe ọzọ, colloquial aha "Andrianov compass."

Compass Design na ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

не претерпело кардинальных изменений за последнее столетие. Device compass Andrianova adịghị agbanweela isi mgbanwe ikpeazụ narị afọ. Nke a magnetik compass nke oge a nhazi ọkwa zigara ìgwè ndị njem nleta, na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke na mmekọrịta nke ubi kere site na-adịgide adịgide magnet na magnetik n'ubi nke mbara ala.

Nke a ngwá a jupụtara na nkume okirikiri udi, kpuchie na a uzo iko, n'ime nke agịga na-agba gburugburu na magnetik agịga, na nsọtụ nke na-akara na dị iche iche na agba - acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Fringing ụlọ a kpụrụ dị ka a Ịkpọ oku gbakwunyere n'usoro mgbanaka na nke na-ndokwa abụọ reticle. The ngwaọrụ na-onwem na a na akpụkpọ anụ eriri nko pịnye wristwatches. Na n'akụkụ nke ahu nwere a usoro gwara akụ - catch.

имеет внутреннюю камеру, заполненную воздухом. Andrianov compass nwere esịtidem ulo jupụtara na ikuku. Modern compasses eji antifirizi mmiri mmiri kama nke ikuku, nke na-emepụta a viscous na-ajụ, nke na-eme ije akụ na-eru inert.

Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke nghazi

Tupu iji compass, ọ dị mkpa obibi ụfọdụ usoro iwu ntọala.

Igodo bụ omenala na-eji anọ na isi ebe: North, South, East, West. Ọzọ n'ụzọ ziri ezi chọpụta direction mmegharị echiche ke ẹkenam ke "azimuth".

Azimut - a n'akuku uru, tụrụ na degrees, si North na a gaghị agara direction na a malite direction. Iji ime site ugbu a ọnọdụ na njedebe mgbe (onu) ụzọ, na njem nleta kwesịrị ịma na amị na anya ruo n'ókè, nakwa dị ka iji chọpụta ọnọdụ nke North. The mbụ na nke abụọ ụkpụrụ a ga-mara tupu ma ọ bụ nwere ike kpebisie na map na-ahụ North dị nnọọ aka compass.

Uru ngwa nke compass Adrianov

. Tupu ịmalite na njem na-echeta otú e si eji a compass Andrianova. Mbụ i nwere sere catch, si otú gwakwara magnetik ngwaọrụ akụ. Mgbe ahụ compass ga-positioned na a kwụ ụgbọelu. Mgbe a ole na ole spins akụ akwụsị nwayọọ nwayọọ na na ọgwụgwụ ya, na-ese na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-egosi na North. Next, ngwaọrụ ahu bugharia ruo-acha anụnụ anụnụ akụ akara ihe na Ịkpọ oku akara "C". N'ihi ya, anyị na-akọwa na isi ntụziaka nke ụwa, "C" - na North, "YU" - South, "Z" - na West, na "B" - na East.

Ugbu a ọ bụ oge iji chọpụta azimuth. Mbụ anyị chọpụta price nke nkerisi compass ọsịsọ anyị ọnụ. The dum gbaa nke 360 degrees. Mkpa ịchọta guzo n'akụkụ labelụ na nọmba na ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iri obere. N'ihi ga-ekewa site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkewa (agba) n'etiti nọmba. Dị ka ihe atụ: Ịkpọ oku ewekarị ji 15 na 30, n'etiti nke 3 (nkewa). Price kwa nkewa (30-15) / 3 = 5 degrees.

Ugbu a, si a efu mgbe ( "C", North) malite chere ezi azimuth n'usoro mgbanaka skuta. E.g., ka oge na azimuth 75 degrees dị mkpa iji bugharia mgbanaka si efu 15 nkewa malite.

Lelee ọnọdụ nke akụ, ọ ka ga-ezipụta na-acha anụnụ anụnụ akara na "C". Ugbu a, na-achọ site na slits reticles na anya, anyị maara na ntụziaka nke njem na a nyere azimuth.

Hadrian si kompas bụ na ga-abụ ihe kasị pụrụ ịdabere na oké ọnụ ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla njem. Rụọ navigation nkà eji a map na compass, anyị pụrụ iji obi ike ịga na a wilderness enweghị ihe ize ndụ nke na-efu.