Azov Oké Osimiri: Nsogbu na-akpali eziokwu. Environmental nsogbu nke Azov Oké Osimiri ya n'ụsọ oké osimiri

The Sea of Azov bụ a pụrụ iche na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe. Onye ọ bụla na-aghọta mkpa nke na-edebe ya ọcha dị ka isi iyi nke ọ bụghị naanị na ihe onwunwe ma n'ụzọ ime mmụọ na ụba. Otu ugboro a-a ịrịba ama eke saịtị na mkpa nke oké njọ nchebe.

Sea of Azov, nsogbu nke - ogbenye ebe obibi na steeti dị ka a n'ihi nke aku na uba na-eme nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mba, na-aga site ike ugboro. Ke akpatre afọ iri ọ budata ebelata ego nke gburugburu ebe obibi arụmọrụ, ya bụ, enweghị ikwubiga okwu ókè, akpata ọdachi.

Na Soviet ugboro steeti emejuputa dịtụ ọma iwu nke nchebe nke hydrosphere. Na afọ 90 ma Russia na Ukraine undergone nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mgbanwe, megide nke gburugburu ebe obibi mbipụta agbahapụwo. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ebelata na ibu na ilekota n'ihi na aku na uba na nlaazu.

Ka anya dị ka mba nke na mpaghara metụrụ ibu, oghom mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi amụbawo. Site 2008, ulo oru na mmepụta nke Russia na Ukraine emewokwa ihe karịrị ihe larịị bụ nke dịrị USSR. Proportionally ụba ma na-n'ime oké osimiri si nsị wastes na ndị ọzọ na contaminants.

Gịnị bụ Osimiri Azov

Ọ na-ezo aka n'akụkụ nke Black Sea efere si n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na njikọ na nke ikpeazụ Kerch Strait. Nke a oké osimiri bụ nnọọ na-emighị emi ke ererimbot. The nkezi omimi nke Azov Oké Osimiri na ihe ndị kasị "oké njọ" ebe adịghị gafere 13,5 m na obosara nke Strait - 4.2 km. Na nsọtụ ya na-dị na ohere 45 ° 12'30 "na 47 ° 17'30", lonjituudu 33 Celsius 38 'na 39 Celsius 18'. Ke ofụri ofụri, nkezi omimi nke Azov Oké Osimiri àmà site 6.8 ka 8 mita. Ya kasị ukwuu ogologo 343 km, karịa anya nke 231 km n'obosara. The ebe nke oké osimiri n'elu - 37605 km, na oké osimiri na-agbatị na 1472 km.

Azovskoe oké osimiri, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke na-gụrụ nnukwu n'oge a kara aka mgbanwe na-anọchi anya a dịtụ obere mmiri. The enyemaka bụ ewepụghị na ala oké osimiri mben. The ala ọnọdụ, n'ezie, na-enye ya onwe ya mara. Ikekwe bụghị onye ọ bụla maara na ihe ndị kasị continental n'ụwa - bụ Oké Osimiri nke Azov. Ya okpomọkụ ke ndaeyo +24 ... +26 Celsius C. N'oge oyi, ọ freezes n'elu n'ozuzu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ya ụfọdụ, ke ini utọ na ice na-dọrọ site mkpagide n'ime Black Sea.

The salinity nke Azov Oké Osimiri bụ ala-ezu. Ná nkezi, ọ bụ ugboro atọ na-erughị nkịtị salinity nke oké osimiri mmiri. Nke a bara uru bụ ihe 1 ppm ka Don confluence ebe na enwekwu ka 10.5 ppm nso Central òkè. Na Kerch Strait salinity nke Azov Oké Osimiri esịmde a kacha - 11.5 ppm.

Olee ihe anyị maara banyere ndị bi na ya? Azov oké osimiri ndu onwunwe nke di ibido ezi nnukwu, ugbu a nwere 103 umu nke azụ. Plankton biomass esịmde 200 g kwa square size. m.

Environmental nsogbu nke Azov Oké Osimiri

The isi na nkà na ụzụ na-adịghị mma na-eme ihe na-ada ada site na osimiri untreated nsị nwere n'efu. Kpụrụ ụwa ndú na azu, oké osimiri na-efu na oge ya niile uru. Ugbu a ọdịnaya nke phenols karịa MPC site 7 ugboro, thiocyanates - 12.6.

Ndị bụ isi nke mmiri mmetọ - ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ Mariupol. Metallurgical Ikpokọta "Azovstal" kwa afọ na-ewepụtarịrị ya mmiri nde mmadụ 800 na cubic mita nke wastewater.

Ha kpughere ngafe nke MPC nke nitrogen, ígwè, ọla kọpa, zinc na mmanụ na ngwaahịa. Ihe ọzọ bụ isi polluter - azụmahịa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Mariupol. Ya ọgwụgwọ osisi kpamkpam adighi ike - na mmiri nke na-egosi nke mmetọ dị elu karịa n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ.

Gịnị nchegbu nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi

Specialist-elekọta ibu sọlfọ mpịakọta, nke overloading na-ekenịmde ke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Ukraine, nakwa dị ka arịa ọrịa nke wuru ọkara otu narị afọ gara aga, mmiri oriri na usoro, na enweghị ọtụtụ n'obodo nsị ọgwụgwọ usoro, n'ihi na ihe na-na oké osimiri mmiri na-akawanye unyi. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, olu nke-enwe kwa afọ pụchara n'efu n'ime Osimiri Azov ruo 5 ijeri cubic mita.

mmanụ mmiri mmetọ ruru mbupu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-eme emewo kpata ajọ.

Ha ịta na Sea of Azov ebe karịa niile conceivable ókè. Pesticide content esịmde 40 mg / l. N'ihi na nke a wụfuru mmanụ bụ rụrụ arụ oxygen mgbanwe, aquatic ntule na-ọjọọ ọgwụ ahụhụ. Ọ bụ a uka azụ enwe. Water nche mpaghara mejupụtara a uka nke ulo oru na anụ ụlọ wastes.

ize ndụ azu

Ọzọ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Azov Oké Osimiri na-metụtara ndị bi n'ime ya. Bottom trawling dịwo eze iwu, ma o sina dị, a na-eji ihe fọrọ nke nta n'ebe nile. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ala-bi-ebibi azụ ebe obibi, akịrịkọ anwụ-nyo feeders - azụ nri. Ọwụwa murk ruo ọtụtụ kilomita ebelata nghọta nke mmiri.

Nanị akụkụ nke azu arịa e nyere ikike na-arụ ọrụ na mmachi Seine catch. Ma n'ezie na olu nke ya hide. Ọzọkwa na-eji kama ụgbụ trawls, dapụtara na-ebibi bụghị nanị azụ ebuka, ma ebe ya na-akpata na nri. Poaching dugara a ọnụ ke 5 ugboro nke mmepụta na-adịbeghị anya.

ọzọ oge

Olee ihe ọzọ ewute ecologists? A ọtụtụ ajụjụ, na a na ndepụta nke ha dị anya n'ebe ndị ike gwụsịworo. Nke a bụ ndị na-ewu nke ọdọ na Don na Kuban (isi osimiri nke Azov Oké Osimiri), ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ ibu landfill. Na karịrị akarị n'ụlọikpe ọgwụ gburugburu ala dị ka a n'ihi nke iwebata mmiri agriculture si agha osikapa. Na-achịkwaghị achịkwa na-agbapụta n'ahụ ọgwụ ahụhụ.

Ke adianade do, na-ezighị ezi mmetụta na Azov Sea nsogbu kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-ewu na n'ụsọ oké osimiri set nke-anọ ọnọdụ abalị na ntụrụndụ, nke a rụrụ na-enweghị ememe ọ bụla ahụ ike na gburugburu ebe obibi na ụkpụrụ. Nke a nsogbu eke ala osimiri na mbelata ha nwere.

Ọ bụkwa a oké nsogbu - dumping, ie mkpofu nke ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu na oké osimiri ma ọ bụ ha kpara mbibi ... N'ihi ya, ọ ofufe site mercury na-edu ndú mmiri nke oké osimiri, nke na-akpọkọtara ya elu n'ígwé.

Azov Sea - Nsogbu na Solutions

The nanị kwe omume ụzọ dozie ngwa ngwa nsogbu nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere isi mgbanwe na-ebute ụzọ na mpaghara. Ọ ga-abụ na iwelata mmepụta na ntughari ka azu na ntụrụndụ. The n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na iga akụrụngwa na-achọ ike akara nke na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na mbupu, mbelata na okporo ụzọ nke ize ndụ na ize ndụ ngwongwo, modernization nke nsị ọgwụgwọ osisi na-ewu nke ndị ọhụrụ.

Nwere ike inyere mbenata mmepụta nke mmiri oriri, dịkwuo penalties maka n'enweghị ikike ntọhapụ nke effluents.

Na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mpaghara achọ idegharị ụkpụrụ nke ugbo, gbahapụrụ nke ubi na-toro na ihe ize ndụ na egbu na fatịlaịza, mweghachi nke na-akpata azụ na ha Mbugharị ụzọ gasị.

Jikoro na-mkpa ikesiike iwu banyere nchebe nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri mpaghara na mgbe nlekota nke ebe obibi ala nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri na mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi, haa machibidoro dumping na oké osimiri nke untreated n'efu mmiri na drainage mmiri.

Gịnị taa e nwere ụzọ hichaa ya?

Anụ ahụ na chemical ụzọ

Mechanical ihicha na-eji mgbe ị chọrọ iji wepu unyi anaghị agbasa na solids. Nke a na-eme site straining, filtration, sedimentation na mwepụ nke slurry ahụ na akpa ogho centrifugal ike.

Chemical ụzọ na-eji iji kpochapụ mmiri-soluble bekee. Reagents eji maka nke a, mbenata toxicity ma ọ bụ solubility nke contaminants. Chemical Ụzọ: The ọxịdashọn na Mbelata, neutralization, mwepụ nke metal ion.

Physico-chemical ụzọ, ie. E. Jikọtara ụzọ eme ka o kwe ka tufuo adịghị n'ụdị emulsions na suspensions, bekee etisasịwo mmiri (ma organic na inorganic). The aha nke isi ụzọ: coagulation, ion mgbanwe, deodorization, adsorption, degassing, flotation, ultrafiltration, na ndị ọzọ.

The thermal usoro a na-eji mgbe ọ na-achọrọ iji wepụ wastewater organic bekee na ịnweta salts. Na nke a emee site na-etinye uche na effluent na-akpa iche ha si sludge ọxịdashọn nke organic bekee site pressurized akpali na neutralization ọkụ.

Biochemical n'aka na ụzọ

Ndị dị otú ahụ ụzọ adị n'ihi nhicha mmiri si kasị nime ya etisasịwo organic na obere inorganic ọcha. Usoro a na-wuru na ike nke ụfọdụ osisi na microorganisms iji emerụ bekee ka ihe oriri.

Dị otú ahụ dị ọcha usoro nwere nkebi abụọ, eruba ọnụego nke bụ dị iche iche:

1. Adsorption nke etisasịwo adịghị na mma microorganisms.

2. The mbibi nke na-emerụ bekee intracellularly site a chemical usoro.

N'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta na-abụghị oxidizing inorganic bekee ịtọ kacha ịta.

Ebe na otú ndu ọgwụgwọ na-ewe ebe?

Ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro bụ na o kwere omume na wuru na eke ọnọdụ. Nke ikpeazụ na-agụnye mmiri ubi, ndu ponds, filtration, na na. D.

mmiri ubi - a pụrụ iche n'elu ikpo okwu, na ijikọta ndị cultivation nke bara uru ubi na wastewater ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla toro, ọ bụ ubi nke filtration. Ala ụzọ dị nnọọ ewu ewu dị ka a ụzọ na-ubi mmepụta intensification.

Ndu ponds zuo ezu mgbagwoju nke ọgwụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a na-emighị emi mmiri ozu, waba ngalaba. Ha na-arụ ọrụ naanị ke ndaeyo.

The ọgwụgwụ - iji zere ihe na ebe obibi ọdachi, na-achọ a doro anya na steeti amụma iji chebe mmiri ilekota. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amalite ugbu a ịzọpụta Sea of Azov, nsogbu nwere ike ịghọ irreversible.