Blood analysis: ụdị, nyopụta na-egosi

Blood - bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị isi na ihe ọmụma na-achọpụta ọrịa ụzọ. Dị ka results, i nwere ike na-ekpe ikpe na steeti ọchịchị, ịnapụta, iji gosi ma ọ bụ ịgbagha nchoputa, iji chọpụta na ihe ogbo nke ọrịa na kpatụ ọgwụ ọgwụgwọ, na-ekpebi na ọkwa nke homonụ maka inwekwu mgbanwe. Analysis nke ọbara, ụdị nke na-niile mara na dọkịta, na-enwe ọ bụghị nanị na ndị na-arịa ọrịa, ma na-zuru okè ike ndị na-ata na-eme ọgwụ ego-acha ọkụ otu ugboro n'afọ (na kindergartens na ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-arụ ọrụ, na ndị agha). Ya mere, ma eleghị anya, ọ bụghị onye nke mba anyị, bụ nke ga-enwe mgbe wee gafee a omimi na dịtụ egwu ọgụgụ na tebụl na-arụpụta nke analysis.

Blood ule: ụdị

E nwere ọtụtụ dị iche iche ọbara ule:

• On homonụ.
• Sugar.
• Test chọpụta allergens.
• Immunoassay.
• Clotting.
• N'ihi akpụ nrịbama.
• Iji gosi na ime na ndị ọzọ.

Iji malite, tụlee abụọ n'ime ihe ndị kasị na n'otu oge ahụ ghara ịmata ndị dị mfe analysis of ọrịa:

• Biochemical.
• Clinical (akọrọ / eketịbede).

n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ

Tupu ị na-amụta na norms nke Biochemical analysis of ọbara okenye, na table nke a ga-enye n'okpuru ebe a, anyị ga-aghọta, ihe ọ bụ ihe maka.

Direction n'ihi mmiri ọgwụ - nke a bụ mpempe akwụkwọ na GPS na-enye kwa ụbọchị stacks. Ọ a họpụtara na-eme atụmatụ na onye ọ bụla ndidi otu ugboro n'afọ iji nyochaa na steeti ahụ ike mgbe ọ bụla na-ata ahụhụ a mgbagwoju anya ọrịa, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla onye na-ụlọ ọgwụ.

Blood nlele a rụrụ naanị site a akwara (na-emekarị na n'ikpere aka na nkwonkwo, ma e nwere ike ịbụ ọdịiche nke nsu si veins na aka, ụkwụ, ụkwụ) na mgbe ke usenubọk, na ihe efu afo. Mgbe ule tube usoro e zigara a pụrụ iche laabu. The analysis pụta ndị na-emekarị njikere na-esote ụbọchị.

Norms nke Biochemical analysis of ọbara okenye: a table

egosi	unit ịtụ	The ala ịgba nke nkịtị	The elu ịgba nke nkịtị
Sugar / glucose	mmol / l	3.3	5.5
urea	mmol / l	2.5	8.3
Blood nonprotein nitrogen (mmapụta)	mmol / l	14.3	28.6
creatinine	micromole / liter	44	106
lipids nkịtị	g / l	4	8
cholesterol	mmol / l	3.6	7.8
Low njupụta lipoprotein, LDL / LDL kọlestrọl	mmol / l	nwoke: 2,02 Women: 1,92	nwoke: 4,79 Women: 4,51
High njupụta lipoprotein, HDL / HDL kọlestrọl	mmol / l	Men: 0,72 Women: 0,68	nwoke: 1,63 Women: 2,28
atherogenic akpata		0	3
Triglycerides (ọnụego bụ ike dabere na afọ na mmekọahụ. The ụkpụrụ maka afọ 35-40 afọ)	mmol / l	nwoke: 0,61 Women: 0,45	nwoke: 3,62 Women: 1,99
phospholipids	mmol / l	2,51	2,92
bilirubin	micromole / liter	8.5	20,55
protein	g / l	65	85
albumin	g / l	35	50
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)	IU / l	10	38
Alt (alanine aminotransferase)	IU / l	7	41
Gamma-glutamyl	mmol / l	ikom: 15 ndinyom: 10	Men: 106 ndinyom: 66
alkaline phosphatase	IU / l	20	140
calcium	mmol / l	2,15	2,50
potassium	mmol / l	3.5	5.5
sodium	mmol / l	136	145
chlorine	mmol / l	98	107
ígwè	mmol / l	nwoke: 11,64 Women: 8,95	madu: 30,43 ndinyom: 30,43

Na echiche nke aku na uba na anyị district n'ụlọ ọgwụ, ndị dọkịta na-adịghị ewere ya na ya dị mkpa iji zipu ọrịa ot full analysis, na mgbe ahụ na onyinyo nke ụdị ụfọdụ nke Biochemical ọbara ule na ntụziaka nke ga-ekenyela naanị ụfọdụ e ji mara.

Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa ọdọhọde nke imeju nsogbu, o nwere na-ọbara bilirubin (ngụkọta), na ngụkọta protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-GTP, C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase.

Ọ bụrụ na dọkịta kwo na onye ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga, ọ ga-rụrụ isi Biochemical nnyocha n'ime sugar (glucose) iji gosi na ọ bụ ịgbagha amụma.

Ndị ọrịa bụ ndị niile dị iche iche na ahụmahụ dọkịta, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere a kpọmkwem mgbaàmà nke ọrịa, agaghị eji ego onye ọrịa na ụlọ ọgwụ ego n'efu. Mgbe a ugboro ole na ole a afọ nanị na-eji a full general ọbara analysis, enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-egosi, ọ dịghị mkpa.

Complete ọbara ọnụ

Ya mere nazyvaaetsya ọbara ule iche nke ga-eme naanị na ihe efu afo (n'agbanyeghị nke nkpisi-aka-ga-ọbara ma ọ bụ veins).

Taa atụ arụmọrụ ọmụmụ a rụrụ na-akpaghị aka na pụrụ iche ọbara analyzers.

The isi kwa nke-adakarị ọbara analysis bụ:

• Haemoglobin - erythrocyte akụrụngwa, nke na-ekpughe na nsụkọrọ na akụkụ nke oxygen. Mbenata ego nke haemoglobin akpata anụ ahụ hypoxia. The norm n'ihi na ndị inyom - 120-140 g / l, na ụmụ nwoke - 135-160 grams / liter.
• Leukocytes (nọmba). Leukocytes - mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara onye isi ọrụ - nchedo microbial abụkwara, akpụ mkpụrụ ndụ. OK: (4 - 9) × 10 ⁹ / l.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation ọnụego - egosi nke daa ọrịa ke idem. Na ndị inyom, na-ahụkarị bụ ruo 12 mm / hour, ndị ikom - ruo 8 mm / Ọrụ Nchịkwa;
• Hematocrit - na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie. Ọ bụrụ na ndị hematocrit na-amụba, ọ bụ ike iche na ọnụnọ nke erythrocytosis ma ọ bụ leukemia. Ọ bụrụ na downgraded - anaemia, overhydration, ime. The norm n'ihi na ndị inyom - 0,360-0,460 l / l na ndị ikom na 0,400-0,480 l / l;
• Erythrocytes (nọmba). Mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie nwere ike na-egosi egbochi mkpụkọ nke ọbara, etuto ahụ, ọrịa nke na akụrụ ya. A ọnụ - ọbara ọgbụgba, anaemia, afọ ime, wdg The ọnụego n'ihi na ndị ikom (4-5,15) x 10 ¹² L inyom -. (3.7-4.7) × 10 ¹² l.

Olee ihe ọzọ nwere ike na-egosi ọbara ule

Iji zaa ajụjụ ahụ, ihe bụ ule ọbara, otu ga-akpa na-aghọta ihe, ọbara na ihe-eme m kwesịrị ya.

Blood - a ákwà ozu, esịnede nke plasma (ọmụmụ) na sel (leucocytes, erythrocytes na platelet). Ọ circulates site ọbara arịa n'okpuru contractions obi na nourishes niile akụkụ nke ahụ mmadụ.

The ọbara dị mkpa maka onye na-:

• Iji nyefee carbon dioxide si anụ ahụ na akpa ume, na oxygen - azụ.
• Anapụta ka mkpụrụ ndụ nke anụ ahụ nri.
• Mezie ahu okpomọkụ.
• Kechie n'efu na emerụ bekee na akụrụ na mfe n'ihi na ụdi mkpochapu si ahụ.
• Na nyefe homonụ eke agbụ ọnụ niile ngwa usoro;
• Gbaa mbọ hụ na-echebe nke ahu.
• Iji hụ na-anọgidesi n'ime ahu.
• Gbaa mbọ hụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ozu, na-enye ha nchegbu na obi.

N'ihi ya, anyị na-aghọta na ọbara nwere ike inye ịrị elu na ọtụtụ nsogbu na ahụ: ọ dịghị imebi na-arụ ọrụ nke ọ bụla nke usoro, onye ọ bụla ngwa nke ahụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ naanị na ọ dị mkpa na oge na-a ọbara ule, dọkịta ga-ahọrọ nke na ụdị, na dozie a kọwara ilu ahụ.

thyroid hormone

Ugbu a, ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla ise amaala nke ukwu anyị obodo, ị pụrụ ịhụ ụfọdụ mmejọ na ụfọdụ na thyroid gland. Ọ bụrụ na nnyocha dọkịta kwo mgbanwe ga-ezite onye ọrịa na ultrasound (US) nyochaa thyroid gland, nakwa dị ka a ọbara ule maka TSH (thyroid-akpali akpali hormone site na ọnụ ọgụgụ). Mgbe niile malfunctions nke aru-edu ndú ka infertility, libido ọrịa, na nsogbu na-echiche oru, ngwa ngwa na arọ n'oge ọ bụla ọrịa na mbufụt ke idem.

Egosi n'ihi na ọbara onyinye na ego nke thyroid hormone

Ha bụ ndị a:

• Ibi na mpaghara na-MATA ayodiin erughi.
• Mgbe ọ bụla n'ịwa ahụ.
• Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere nsogbu na ọ tụụrụ ime na-ebu a na nwa.
• Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji mmiri ọgwụ ahụ ụzọ nke nchedo ime (akara TTG otu ugboro n'afọ).

Mgbe nke kwuru na imebi na prostate, maka nlekota N'ezie nke ọrịa na nhọrọ nke ọgwụ ọjọọ.

Abnormalities na a analysis nwere ike ikwu banyere okwu ndị dị ka:

• Hypothyroidism (ala thyroid ọrụ).
• Hyperthyroidism (ụba ọrụ nke prostate).

Time kwuru nta deviations si norm amenable mma ọgwụ mgbazi, na oké njọ na mbubreyo nchọpụta nke ọrịa nwere ike na-achọ ịwa ahụ ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa show n'elu nkịtị thyroid-akpali akpali hormone, ọ bụ amanyere bụ iwu ahọpụta ultrasound nke thyroid gland na yiri ka ndụ hormone nnọchi ọgwụ.

Norma egosi nke thyroid na-akpali akpali hormone

Iji dokwuo anya nchoputa na nlekota nke ọrịa N'ezie nye iwu zuru ezu ọbara ule maka TSH, nke na-agụnye:

• Free T3 (na hormone na bụ maka na oxygen mgbanwe). Norm - 2,6-5,7 pmol / L.
• Free T4 (hormone maka protein metabolism). Nkịtị - 9-22 mmol / l.
• -Alụso ọrịa ọgụ na protein thyroglobulin (zere autoimmune ọrịa usoro). Nkịtị - 18 nkeji / ml ..

Ọ dị mkpa tupu obon ọbara TSH homonụ ahapụ mbanye mmanya, mmiri ọgwụ gbochie afọ na ndị ọzọ ọgwụ ọjọọ nwere homonụ. Ọ dịkwa mkpa amachi mmega ahụ na-enye elu a ụbọchị nke mmanya.

ọbara clotting

Ọ na-eme na a zubere ọgwụ ule ma ọ bụ n'oge analysis ayarade mmadụ na mberede-akwada ọbara njupụta. Ọ bụrụ na a mebiri chọpụtara n'oge Biochemical analysis, na therapist ga-enye ntụziaka n'ihu analysis na ọbara coagulation. Gịnị ka ị na-akpọ ya na nkà mmụta sayensị na-echeta - koaugologramma.

Ọ bụkwa ihe na-egosi maka analysis bụ:

• Ịrịba ama nke ruo ogologo oge agba ọbara, ichihịa, ọbụna site a obere pịa.
• The esote ime.
• Ọrịa obi, imeju, ọbara arịa.
• Pregnancy.
• Rada ọgụ.

Analysis nke coagulation agụnye a nnukwu set nke na-egosi:

egosi	norm
prothrombin index	12-20 sekọnd.
APTT	38-55 sekọnd.
plasma fibrinogen	2.0-3.5 g / l
thrombin oge	11-17,8 sekọnd.
plasma recalcification	60-120 sekọnd.
Ndidi ka heparin	3-11 min
Retraction nke a ọbara clot	si 44% na 65%

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-họpụtara ka nyochaa ọbara clotting, aha ya na-apụghị na-echeta. Onye ọ bụla ndidi na-enweta a pụrụ iche ebe a ga-enye oge, aha nke nnyocha na ndị dị mkpa a chọrọ maka ya, mmejuputa iwu, dabere n'obi nchoputa:

• Fingerstick mepụtara ngere ihe maka capillary ọbara clotting nwale.
• Ngere nke veins nke ihe onwunwe na-emepụta a venous ọbara ntule.

Nke a analysis, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, dị gị mkpa iji na ihe efu afo.

Analysis nke nwanyi homonụ

Good homonụ - otu ihe dị mkpa ọnọdụ maka kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ dum organism. Ọ bụ ya na-adabere na ya nkịtị na-ehi ụra, ọdịmma, ikike ahụ na-arụ ọrụ. A na-amụ mmiri ọgwụ ndabere dị mkpa n'ihi na ndị inyom ndị a mgbaàmà:

• Ehighị ụra nke ọma.
• ibu ibu ma ọ bụ oké arọ ọnwụ.
• Disruptions nke ịhụ nsọ okirikiri.
• Mgbakasị.

Mgbe ihe ahaghị nhata na mmiri ọgwụ na-etoju ndị inyom na-emepe emepe na okwu nke nsogbu ahụ ike nke ndị omumu usoro (gụnyere fibroids, cysts, polycystic), disruptions na psyche, ibu oké ibu / emaciation, akwada ma ọ bụ nchupu nke menses, infertility, nwoke ụkpụrụ ntutu ibu na ozu na ndị ọzọ.

N'ihi ya, a ọbara ule maka nwanyi homonụ na-agụnye:

• Follicle-akpali akpali hormone.
• Prolactin.
• Luteinizing hormone.
• Estriol.
• Progesterone.
• Follicle-akpali akpali hormone.
• DHEA-sulfate.

Ọ bụ uru na-echeta na larịị nke ọtụtụ homonụ dịgasị ukwu, dabere na ogbo nke okirikiri, otú ị chọrọ nlezianya soro ntuziaka nke dọkịta tupu ọbara onyinye. Ọ bụla analysis na homonụ mgbe rue na ihe efu afo, 1-2 awa mgbe edemede.

Nwoke mmekọahụ homonụ

• Testosterone.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.

Analysis nke nwoke mmekọahụ homonụ nwere ike kenyere ma ndị ikom ma ndị inyom. Ihe bụ na Androgens na-ahụ maka mbanye (libido) na ndị inyom na ndị ikom. Kpọmkwem, testosterone mmetụta nakwa na sebaceous glands, mọzụlụ na ụbụrụ.

Analysis nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị androgen, ma ndị ikom ma ndị inyom na-anọdụ ụbọchị ọ bụla ụtụtụ na ihe efu afo.