Buddha na Russia. The iche iche nke Russia, na-azọrọ na okpukpe Buddha

Okpukpe ohere nke Russian Federation bụ nnọọ iche iche. Bi a nnọọ nnukwu ebe na ime n'okpuru ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ikike nke a ọtụtụ mba na agbụrụ, mba bụ otu ebe e nwere dị iche iche omenala na okpukpe nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda. Christianity na Islam - abụọ ụwa okpukpe, nkịtị anyị na ala. Ọnụ na ha, na nke atọ na-anọchi anya, nke a na-ekwu na site na ọtụtụ ndị Russia - okpukpe Buddha. Banyere ebe a okpukpe jupụtara ebe nile na mba anyị, ma anyị ga-ekwu okwu n'ihu.

Buddha na Russia

Buddha - a pụrụ iche okpukpe, ọ bụghị n'adịghị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ. Inside dị iche iche Buddha ụlọ akwụkwọ na-esiri nwekwara ike ịdị iche iche nke ukwuu. Ya si malite bụ ụgwọ okpukpe ọgụgụ nke India, ya nwaafo Buddha efu arọ ya. Taa, na omenala mba ndị na-ekwu okpukpe Buddha, ndị Korea, Japan, China, Nepal, na ndị ọzọ, otu nke kasị pụọ Tibet. Iji ụbọchị, okpukpe Buddha na Russia na-anọchi anya na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile bụ isi Buddha iche. N'etiti ha, e nwere ndị dị iche iche na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Mahayana, Vajrayana, Theravada, Zen, Chan na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na omenala na bụghị nnọọ na-akpakọrịta. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị na-eme okpukpe Buddha na Russia, bụ ekpe Tibetan okpukpe.

Buddha Russian Ethnography

Anyị na-enye aka zaa ajụjụ a: ihe Russian Buddha mba taa?

N'ihi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe na Intercultural kọntaktị, okpukpe Buddha mbụ wee mgbọrọgwụ n'etiti Kalmyks na Tuvan. Ọ mere na XVI na narị afọ, mgbe ókèala ndị a mba tinyere ndị bi ha bụ ndị òtù nke Mongolian ala Altan Khan. A na narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, okpukpe Buddha mata Buryatia, ebe ọ ọma mpi na omenala okpukpe nke Siberia-akwagharị akwagharị - ọgọ mmụọ, ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ tengrizmom.

Buddha na Buryatia

Buryatia - Republic of Russia onye ala malite n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ Lake Baikal. Ịbụ mmasị ka Russian Alaeze Ukwu, ọ bụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ ka Russification na Kraịst izere. N'aka nke ọzọ, ezigbo omenala, azụmahịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agbatị na Mongolia, na site na ya na Tibet, mere na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị Buryat Buddha ozizi. The mbụ nkume datsans ebe a na-wuru na XVIII narị afọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na n'etiti Buddha iche iche Buryats - ikpeazụ, bụ onye na-okpukpe, taa ha na-anọchi anya Buddha ọtụtụ na-anọchi anya okpukpe Buddha dị na Russia. Buryatia bụ ndutịm center nke Russian Buddha - Buddha Traditional Sangha nke Russia, nakwa dị ka isi ihu arụsị na ebe ofufe. Kasịnụ n'ime ha bụ Ivilginski temple - obi nke Bandido Hambo Lama - na ndú ime mmụọ na nke a akụkụ buru ibu nke Russian Buddha.

Yana okpukpe Buddha, n'etiti Buryat a pụtara nkịtị bụ omenala ndị ọgọ mmụọ, ma ọ bụ na-akpọ Chernaya Vera.

Buddha na Tuva

Tuva, a Republic, nke e kuchiri na Russian na mmalite nke XX narị afọ, ya bụ na 1911. Tuva taa na-ekwu na otu ụdị dị ka ozizi ahụ Buryats - na Mahayana ọdịnala Tibetan okpukpe Buddha. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị mgbe nile: nke mbụ emmepe nke Buddha ozizi, tumadi n'ụdị Hinayana, na ókèala Tuva, pụtara na II na narị afọ BC, n'oge Turkic khanate. Mgbe e mesịrị Tuvan agbụrụ ndị Uighurs nrubeisi agbapụtawo n'ala Tuva Turki. Uighurs sị na Manichaean Ma, okpukpe nwere mmetụta nke okpukpe Buddha. Imepe dere, Uyghur ọkà mmụta malitere ifịk ifịk-asụgharị Buddha odide site Chinese na Sogdian asụsụ. N'ime oge ahụ, kpe lekwasịrị anya Tibetan treatises, nke kpebisiri ike n'ihu dominance nke Tibetan omenala. Nke a na-emekarị e mesikwuru na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ, mmetụta nke Mongolian nkụzi bụ ndị nakweere Buddha ọdịnala Tibetan lamas.

The mbụ ebe obibi na-wuru na Tuva na 1772 na 1773, karị. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Buddha obodo nke Tuva n'ụzọ dị ukwuu-ekwu si na akara nke Gelug, anya isi na ndị mọnk ụkọchukwu, obodo omenala ikike di lamas Institute, nke bụ ya pụrụ iche mma. Dị ka Buryatia, Tuva okpukpe na-ekewa abụọ n'ogige - shamanists na Buddha.

Buddha na Kalmykia

Kalmykia bụ naanị European region na a predominance nke Buddha bi. N'ịbụ a butere n'aka Western Mongolian ebo Kalmyk okpu-aga azụ Oirats, isonyere ihe omimi nke Buddha okpukpe na nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ ekele abanye alaeze nke Genghis Khan. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a, okpukpe Buddha bụ nanị okpukpe nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị J.Randall Oirats. The popularization nke ezi ndị nkịtị bi pụtara nanị na XVI-na Asaa ọtụtụ narị afọ. Na, dị ka n'ihe banyere Buryatia na Tuva, Kalmyk Buddha nwekwara esetịpụ Tibetan omenala okpukpe. Karịsịa a mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Tibet na Kalmykia ike mgbe ude na n'oge na Asaa narị afọ Oirat nwata mbelata nke atọ Dalai Lama.

Mgbasa nke okpukpe Buddha n'etiti Oirats facilitated site oruru nke a dị iche iche na agbụrụ Kalmyk. Ọdịdị nke ikpeazụ na-agụnye Oirat ebo nile, nakweere okpukpe Buddha ma biri n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ime Russian ala. N'otu oge ahụ, isiokwu ahụ Russian eze ukwu, Kalmyks kpụrụ ya management - Kalmyk Khanate. Nke ikpeazụ kere ruo 1771, mgbe iwu nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II, e kagburu. N'ọdịnihu, ndị Kalmyk Buddha mepụtara, enwetara mba àgwà na na, dị ka Buryat na Tuva Sangha duru a okpukpe na-alụ na ọgọ mmụọ.

Buddha na USSR

Mgbe October mgbanwe nke okpukpe Buddha dị na Russia nọ n'okpuru ahụ-fashionable ime mmụọ na ọnọdụ - renovationism. Njikọ nke dharma na Marxism ahụ a chọrọ ka ịhazigharị Buddha obodo. Dị ka akụkụ nke a ije na Moscow on 20-ies. Ọbụna ẹkenịmde na All-Russian Buddha Council. Ma mgbe ahụ, otu mme iwu gbanwere na na mmekọrita òtù okpukpe malitere uka ada. Ebe obibi ndị mechiri emechi, bibie ụlọ nsọ, na ndị ụkọchukwu na-akpagbu. Ruo mgbe post-agha "igbaze" ndị dị iche iche nke Russia, na-azọrọ na okpukpe Buddha, anyị furu efu na ihe karịrị 150 ebe obibi. Na Buryatia si 15,000 lamas na 1948 ọ dịkarịa ala 600 ndị mmadụ nọgidere. Banyere Tuva na Kalmykia, mgbe ahụ, ma na mpaghara, e nwere nanị ihe ole na ole na iri na abuo na-anwụghị nke ndị ụkọchukwu si 8000.

The iche iche nke Russia na-eme okpukpe Buddha taa

Tupu Perestroika Buddha ahụ ịhazi ihe omume nke Buddha òtù, CBB bụ Soviet Union (Central Spiritual Administration nke Buddha nke USSR). Ná mmalite 90s ọ renamed CBB Russia. Ugbu a, a, ahụ na-akpọ Buddha Traditional Sangha nke Russia na-agụnye ya otu ndị Buddha obodo nke Buryatia. Òtù okpukpe Tuva na Kalmykia anọgide onwe ha. Otú ọ dị, BTSR ikike Buryatia na ná mba ọzọ na-aghọta bụghị ihe niile. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ideological iche Buddha Society agbanweela a usoro nke gbawara ma e wezụga na isi mkpakọrịta nwere ọtụtụ onwe ha mkpakọrịta na onwe ha obodo.

Na nke ọ bụla, okpukpe Buddha na Russia na-anọchi anya, dị ka iso, atọ isi na mpaghara - Buryatia, Tuva na Kalmykia.

Ọzọ Buddha obodo ke Russia

Traditional Peoples of Russia, ndị Buddha taa abụghị naanị wee nke Buddha omenala na omenala. Nso nso a, a okpukpe ihe-ewu ewu na-eto eto na intelligentsia. Na nnukwu obodo-anọgide na-emeghe dị iche iche okpukpe emmepe. N'etiti ha, na mgbakwunye na omenala n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Tibetan okpukpe Buddha, e nwere ụlọ ọrụ nke na Korean, Chinese na Japanese Zen okpukpe Buddha, Theravada na Dzogchen. Russia na n'oge gara aga afọ ole na ole, gara ọtụtụ ndị nkụzi. N'aka nke ya, anyị compatriots nwekwara ndị nnọchiteanya nke Buddha mọnk na ndị ụkọchukwu.

ọgwụgwụ

Fashion nke okpukpe Buddha dị na Russia bụghị pụrụ iche, na, n'echiche a, mba anyị na-ezisara a nkịtị European amara nke East. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ịzụ buru ibu, ụlọ buddofiliya tụfuru na mma, nke bụ fraught na mgbasa elu, keokere variant nke okpukpe Buddha dị na Russia.

N'otu oge ahụ, okpukpe Buddha - a okpukpe Russia bụ dị ka ọdịnala dị ka Christianity na Islam. Ya mere, ya ọnọdụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu echiche nke dị oké mkpa maka ihe ịga nke ọma mmepe nke Russian omenala.