Calcium carbide

N'ihi nke na mmekọrịta nke carbon na ọla na elu temperaturahpoluchayutsya carbides. Dị ka ihe atụ, calcium carbide: Ca + 2C → CaC2. Of niile carbides ya nwere oké uru. Pure CaC2 - ọma crystallizing siri ike, colorless kristal kpụrụ ion Ca2 + na C2-. Ya aha ndị ọzọ - Calcium acetylide ma ọ bụ calcium carbide. Ezengwenri uka bụ hà 64,1 g / ahumachi. Ọ bụghị obodo na bụghị soluble na ihe ọ bụla nke mara solvents, na erekasịchaala site n'oru nke mmiri. ya njupụta bụ 2,22 g / cm³. The agbaze okpomọkụ bụ 2160 ° C na esi - 2300 Celsius C. Ogo mmetụta ahụ bụ a umi nnọọ ize ndụ (1st klas nke ize ndụ).

First calcium acetylide a kwadebere na 1862 site German mmiri ọgwụ Fridrihom Velerom mgbe ewe iwe na unyi alloy nke zinc na calcium. Ha na-kọwara mmeghachi omume nke calcium carbide na H2O. N'agbanyeghị na ya metụtara (e.g., ikuku mmiri) nke calcium carbide mkpatụ ike na ntọhapụ nke a nnukwu ego nke okpomọkụ. Ma ọ bụrụ na nke enweghị mmiri dapụtara acetylene autoignition nwere ike ime. Calcium carbide ike mkpatụ na diluted inorganic asịd na okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke alkalis. Nke a na-bụ ihe oke nke acetylene. N'ịbụ a siri ike na mbenata gị n'ụlọnga, CaC2 ike nke na-eweghachiri niile metal oxides ka carbides ma ọ bụ dị ọcha ọla.

Inweta calcium carbide bụghị adaba n'ihi na nke calcium, na ya oxide. Na elu okpomọkụ (site na 2000 2300 ° C) bụ ya mgbake. The metal na carbon jikọọ: CaO + 3C → CO ↑ + CaC2. The usoro na-ewe ebe ihe electric aak ọkụ, nke ihe incandescent ngwakọta nke ngwa lime na Coke ma ọ bụ Anthracite. The crude ngwaahịa bụ acha, nwere a grayish agba, n'ihi na ọ nwere adịghị n'ụdị free carbon, oxide, na sulfide, calcium phosphide na ndị ọzọ na chemical ogige. Mass nta CaC2 nime ya bụ 80-85%.

Na mmeghachi omume nke carbides na mmiri ila ma ọ bụ metal, ma ọ bụ acetylene. Dị ka nke abụọ n'onwe mkpatụ na mmiri na calcium carbide. Acetylene, n'ihi mmeghachi omume nke nwere ulo oru mkpa: 2H2O + CaC2 → C2H2 + Ca (OH) 2, bụ a ọrụaka ma nwere onye wetara isi, n'ihi na ọ nwere ọtụtụ adịghị (NH3, H2S, PH3, wdg). Ọ bụ ezie na dị ọcha ụdị, ọ bụ a colorless gas na a mara isi kama na-adịghị ike, na ọ bụ nnọọ ihe soluble n'ime mmiri. Ọ dị mkpa iji nweta calcium cyanamide (a akụrụngwa na mmepụta nke cyanide ogige ma ọ bụ n'ọrụ dị ka a fatịlaịza) carbide site omume ya nitrogen na mmeghachi omume akụkụ: N2 + → CaCN2 CaC2 + C.

Ikpeazụ CaC2 ọtụtụ-eji carbide oriọna, nke jere ozi dị ka a isi iyi nke acetylene ire ọkụ. Ugbu a, na ojiji nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ìhè isi na-ejedebeghị tumadi potholing, ọ na-eji na buoys na ụlọ nduzi ụgbọ mmiri. Ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ebe nke ngwa CaC2 - bụ chemical technology, ebe ọ bụ akụrụngwa. Ka ihe atụ, na mmepụta nke na, tumadi nke ha na ọ bụ sịntetik roba. Ọzọkwa enwetara site na calcium carbide acetylene nwa, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetic acid, acrylonitrile, ethylene, acetone, sịntetik resins, styrene. Nchara na-eji maka deoxidization na desulfurization ọla (Mbelata oxygen na sọlfọ, karị). Calcium carbide na-eji maka imewe nke a osisi ibu regulator, a carbide powder reagent (acetylene ịgbado ọkụ).

Nkwadebe bụla ton CaC2 achọ banyere 3 puku KW / h nke na ọkụ eletrik. Ya mere, ọ na-agu n'onye ezi omume site na ọnụnọ nke ala ahịa maka ya. N'ozuzu, Otú ọ dị, ụwa mmepụta nke calcium carbide na-eto eto. Ọ bụrụ na 70s nke gara aga narị afọ, kwa afọ na-emepụta ruo 5 nde tọn, na narị afọ anyị, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka toro site banyere ọkara. Ihe atụ, na China, na mmepụta nke acetylene dabeere na calcium carbide bụ isi iyi nke ngwaọrụ maka chemical ụlọ ọrụ, akpan akpan n'ihi na mmepụta nke polyvinyl chloride. Mmepụta nke acetylene si ya akụrụngwa ọzọ echekwa karịa iji dị mmanụ. Ya mere, ya mmepụta ke China na-eto eto. Na 2005, ọ ruru 8,94 nde ise, na e nwere ezigbo ohere na-emepụta 17 nde tọn.

N'adịghị ka China, na United States, Europe na Japan carbonaceous calcium oriri na-emekarị mbelata. Larịị nke ya mmepụta ke US 90s dịrị naanị 236 puku tọn kwa afọ. Na mba anyị, na calcium carbide emepụta dị ka nkọwa weputara ISO 1460-81. Ya isi ahịa - ọ bụ Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania na Slovakia. Ruru akwa ike oriri nke ngwaahịa na njikọ na-abawanye na ahịa nke na ọkụ eletrik na oriri nke calcium acetylide na Russia na exporting mba dara ọkara.