Catadromous na anadromous umu azu: ha e ji mara na ebe obibi

World bi na oké osimiri, oké osimiri, osimiri na ọdọ mmiri bụ nnọọ iche iche. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-gua nnu na gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu 12,000 ụdị azụ, na freshwater ọdọ - nso 6800 mbipụta. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọtụtụ ụdị azụ akwaga mgbe nile: site osimiri n'ime oké osimiri, site na oké osimiri na osimiri. Ụfọdụ na-eme ya otu ugboro n'afọ, ụfọdụ ụbọchị ọ bụla. Ihe ị chọrọ bụ a na-akpali akpali na ihe di iche iche nke kewara niile dị ndụ migrating silver? Ọtụtụ ndị nụrụ banyere anadromous, catadromous na transboundary azu umu. On ha ga-atụle isiokwu.

Ihe i kwesịrị ịma banyere migrating azụ

Akwaga (migratory azụ) si dị iche na otu ọnụ ụzọ ndị nwere ike igwu mmiri maka a mgbe na oké osimiri, na ihe ọzọ ọkara - na osimiri eru n'ime ha. Ụfọdụ migrating azụ akpali mfe na ụzọ buo ebe (anadromous azu umu), na ndị ọzọ - na oké osimiri (catadromous mmadụ). Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a ikwu n'ụzọ eme ogologo njem. Dị otú ahụ Ndahie jikọtara ma na mmepụta nri, ma ọ bụ site na ozuzu.

Anadromous na catadromous azu umu nwere onwe ha e ji mara, metụtara mgbanwe mmiri salinity. Migrating, ndị dị otú ahụ na-achọ a mma gburugburu ebe obibi maka mmepe nke ighe nri. Na mgbanwe site onye na-ajụ ọzọ ọ na-erepịakwa a ọtụtụ nke ike na e nwere ihe nile di iche iche nke ihe mgbochi: waterfalls, rapids, elu-ọsọ eruba. Iji mezuo nke a, a site na okenye ndị mmadụ mkpa imubanye idobere bekee na ụdị nke abụba. Ọtụtụ migratory azụ ọnwụ echere mgbe akpata, na ụfọdụ nwere ike dika spawn ugboro ugboro. Azụ ndị a bụ ihe bụ isiokwu maka ịkụ azụ ikike na ike nke ụfọdụ ụmụ anụmanụ.

mara anadromy

Anadromous umu azu maka-akpata nke mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi na-akpali ọhụrụ. The kasị pụta ìhè na-anọchite anya ndị na-salmon, azụ asa, Sturgeon. Ndị kasị dị ịrịba ihe atụ bụ salmon nke Pacific Ocean. Toworo eto nwere ike itu 6kg na nwere a ogologo 60 cm. Akpata na-emefu na osimiri Japan Peninsula Primorye, ise siga, Sakhalin. Nke a na-ele na-egosi na ìhè osimiri mmiri, mgbe ahụ, igwu mmiri ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu n'ime oké osimiri, ebe ha na-anọ site 1 6 afọ. Mgbe ahụ, laghachi n'ebe nke mbụ ebe obibi, spawn na-anwụ anwụ. Ọ ga-kwuru na nke a ije na-ewe ebe megide eruba n'ime osimiri.

The Black na Azov-ugbu anadromous azu umu, dị ka azụ asa. Kwapụ, ha igwu mmiri n'ime Delta European osimiri. Anadromous heats eme Sturgeon, lamprey na azu kaapu. List of anadromous azu umu imejupụta shad, trout, atọ-spined stickleback. Site maara nke ọma na-anọchite anya nke azu kaapu nwere ike na-akpọ krasnoporok-UGAI.

E wezụga salmon, a obere nnọchiteanya nke a lamprey. Ọ dị n'ime ndị Volga Delta. Akpata na kamenistnyh na ájá. Nnọọ ama anadromom bụ Sturgeon. Ọ bi na efere nke Black, Caspian na Azov n'oké osimiri nile, akpata na Volga, Ural, Kura.

Anadromous onye ọzọ nke Black na Caspian Oké Osimiri-eje ozi ọgọ. Ọ nwere ike na-ahapụ a afọ ole na ole osimiri. N'ihi na nke a ụdị na-agụnye chum, salmon, na-acha ọcha salmon, na-acha ọcha salmon. Ụfọdụ azụ ka diurnal Mbugharị n'ime osimiri maka n'elu kormozhki (n'abalị), na n'ụbọchị ha laghachi nnu gburugburu ebe obibi.

nnọchiteanya katadromov

Egbuke nnọchiteanya nke catadromous umu bụ ezinụlọ ugrovyh (eel). Ya àkwá nwere ike ịga njem na-emeghe oké osimiri maka ọnwa na ọbụna ọtụtụ afọ. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-emetụta European mben, ebe ha na igwu mmiri na osimiri na-amalite ha development. Eel mmasị ike okwukwo, apịtị ma ọ bụ aja n'ala. Rịba ama na ọ na-nnọọ ike, nke ehihie, enye odịbe ke burrows ma ọ bụ n'okpuru nkume. Na n'uhuruchi, ọ na-apụta nke ya ebe nzuzo. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya European eel emefu na freshwater gburugburu ebe obibi.

transboundary azụ

Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu bi na a okirikiri ọkụ n'isi, a nkịtị aku mpaghara, a maara dị cross-ókè. Ihu ọma, ndị a na-agụnye ọkara anadromous azụ ebi nnu gburugburu, blizprilegayuschey ka osimiri na spawn na freshwater ọdọ. Ndị a gụnyere ndị bream, azu kaapu. Na Azov Sea na Aral Sea, ndị North Caspian na-hụrụ Pike, roach, roach.

Anadromous azu umu nke Caspian Sea

Ọ na-amasị ya di iche iche nke ụwa e bi nke Caspian efere. Izute ebe a nnọọ obere gobies na ibu nnọchiteanya - beluga. Salmon na lamprey, akpọ na Kourou na spawn, mgbe mgbe, na-anwụ n'agụụ. N'ihi anadromous azụ nke efere na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ụdị: salmon, na-acha ọcha salmon, Sturgeon, ogwu Sturgeon. M na-enwe mmasị a oké osimiri Pike perch, Pike, azụ okpo, azu kaapu, azu kaapu na-acha ọcha Amur.

Sturgeons iru bụghị nnọọ ukwuu, ma e nwere ndị dịrị ndụ ihe karịrị afọ 30. Ụfọdụ n'ime stellate Sturgeon na Caspian Sea ruo 40 n'arọ nke arọ. Ma salmon na oké osimiri na-ejide na na na naa. Mkpa azụ enwetaghị ebe a bụ Pike. A ịrịba akụkụ nke catch bụ Rudd na-hụrụ na nkume, kpuchie oké ahịhịa.

Nchedo nke migratory azụ

Hatcheries adịwo nnọọ mkpa maka nchebe nke ọtụtụ ụdị migratory azụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ osisi na-emekarị rụrụ na dams na ọnụ nnukwu osimiri. The nwanyị na-ejide na artificially inseminated. Mgbe ọ pụta ìhè ya umu-ehi nọ na pụrụ iche ponds. Mgbe ighe na-eto eto, ha na-zigara a pụrụ iche na-esite ma ọ bụ osimiri. The Russian hatcheries ọtụtụ ijeri ighe na-toro kwa afo. N'ihi ya aruputaghari ma weghachi kasị baa uru anadromous umu azu: Sturgeon na salmon. Ụfọdụ na-arụ cultivation nke perch na whitefish.

Russian azu nke Volga na Don guzosie ike a mmepụta-emegharị azu: bream na azu kaapu. The ighe na-nri na ndị dị otú ahụ osisi na eke ma ọ bụ sịntetik faili ntanetịime.