Colima (osimiri) ebe?

Ọ dị nnọọ otú mere ka aha nke Kolyma iji gosi a region na-agwakọta Magadan Region na Yakutia, fated ịghọ center nke mba n'usoro iwu Atụmatụ. Ebe a bụ ndị kasị dị egwu ahụhụ, na aha uku a mara mma osimiri n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Russia ka na metụtara na-eme ihe ike ada. Ma, anyị ga-ekwu banyere ịtụnanya hydronyms - ike ọgaranya Kolyma osimiri ebu niile ndụ - na ebo nwere ogologo selivshimsya tinyere ya anoghi n'ulo oba, na taa anyị na-adịghị eche echiche nke ịdị adị enweghị emeghe n'ala ndị a Russian njem.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

First Kolyma River (Halyma Yakut) kwuru na akụkọ Pomor-nchoputa Mihayly Staduhina, isi nke njem, nke bịara ná njedebe na nchọpụta nke ọhụrụ ala na efere na ihe Indigirka Alazeya (1639), nakwa dị ka isi ke 1644 ke ala esịmde nke Kolyma oyi ebe. Ọ kọwakwara ahụ kpọrọ nkụ natives - yiri nke agha Chukchi, na-echebe ya ụzọ ndụ na-ewepụta oge iji na-enye ọbịa na onye ọ bụla. Yukagirs, Tungus, Chukchi, Evenki, biri na ndị a mben na obzhivshie kpọrọ nkụ ebe, itinye aka na-akụ azụ, ịchụ nta, nkịta sledding mgbe e mesịrị.

Nizhnekolymskiy wusiri ike oyi n'ogige ahụ amalite maka ọdịnihu njem ndị mmadụ merela na Trekking na search maka oké agafetụbeghị n'ókèala. Si 1647-1648 afọ e ala na mmiri njem, mezue picture ebe kwekọrọ na nkowa.

Onye ama ama pola nchoputa Dmitry Laptev, bụ ndị bịara dị ka akụkụ nke Great Northern njem, na 1741 kọwara elu esịmde nke osimiri ahụ, na-ada ka ọnụ ọnụ nke Kolyma River, kpọmkwem ya nri ducts Stone Kolyma, a pụrụ iche Ọdịdị - ihe identification ogidi ọkụ, nke mesịrị ghọọ ide ọtụtụ nyocha oru ngo. Site n'ebe a na-ama ama hiking Wrangell, Billings na ndị ọzọ na-emetụtakwa ma ama na-eme nchọpụta. Nke a bụ akụkọ nke chọpụtara n'ebe ndị a, kpọrọ nkụ, ọjọọ, ma mara mma na-adọrọ mmasị pụrụ iche na ịma mma nke ugwu. Ka anyị tụlee ebe Kolyma River a mụrụ, nke na-eburu ya mmiri, nke ụzọ na-eme ma na-ezukọ na ya.

Malite aha

Ọkà mmụta sayensị abịabeghị a otutu mmadu kwenyere banyere malite aha (Colima). Evens - amaala bi n'ebe ndị a, a na-akpọ ya Kullu, nke si sụgharịa Turkish n'aka osimiri. Taa ka aha ẹnịm naanị maka nri isi iyi nke Kolyma River. Michael na-akpọ ya Stadukhin yakov na mgbe e mesịrị maara mmadụ n'oge a - Kolyma. Gosi na etymological njikọ n'etiti Kullu na Kolyma bụ ekwe omume onye ọ bụla, na controversial hypotheses banyere malite aha Yukagir kwa bụ enweghị ihe àmà. Eleghị anya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi-anọgide a omimi ihe ịtụnanya aha - Kolyma River. Ebe bụ mmalite ya, anyị na-amụta na.

mmiri

Kolyma kpụrụ abụọ ejikọta Okhotsk- Kolyma upland isi: osimiri Ayan Yuriakh, arịdata n'etiti nkume ebe riiji na osimiri Kullu pụta si osimiri abụọ na konkiri akpali Suntar-Hayata. Ọ bụ site na ebe a na osimiri na okporo ụzọ na n'ebe ugwu na Arctic Ocean.

Kolyma River ebe aga

The efere na ya ọtụtụ tributaries daa n'ala na n'ókèala sara nke Magadan region, Khabarovsk Krai, Yakutia, gbasara ụfọdụ ebe nke Chukotka na Kamchatka. Emeghere ya ụzọ oké osimiri site na permafrost, skirting nkume n'ugwu, na Kolyma River empties n'ime East Siberia Sea na 3 dị ike n'ọnụ:

• Eastern - mbupu Stone Kolyma enwe a siri ike 20 kilometa n'obosara. ọnụ ogologo bụ 50 km na omimi - banyere 9 m.

• ajụ - Pokhodsk Kolyma, ogologo aka uwe nke 25 km, a obosara nke 0,5 ka 2 km na a omimi nke 3.5-4.5 m.

• West - Kolyma Chukchi, nakwa nwere nnọọ nnukwu akụkụ: ogologo 60 km, a obosara nke 3-4 km na omimi - 8-9 m.

Delta ogologo nke isi bụ banyere 110 km, na ya ebe 3 gbatịrị fọrọ nke nta ka puku square. km.

Ogologo na e ji mara

Gịnị bụ ogologo nke osimiri ahụ? Colima nwere ogologo 2129 km, na ọ bụrụ na ị gụọ site isi iyi Kenelichi - River, a nri tributary nke Kullu, ọ enwekwu ruo 2513 km. Fọrọ nke nta 1400 km Kolyma aga gafee expanses nke Magadan region, ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ya ụzọ na-agba ọsọ site na Yakutia, na isi mmalite na-emi odude ke Khabarovsk Territory.

The ebe nke osimiri efere bụ nnọọ nnukwu - 643 puku sq. M. km. Na ekpe ụlọ akụ ụgha Kolyma Valley, ndammana nkerisi efere nke Kolyma na Indigirka. The bughi mejupụtara Ugwu Ugwu na-agụnye multiple inclusions nke crystallized igneous nkume nke na Mesozoic oge, nke ana achi achi ọnụnọ nke gold ego na ebe ndị a. The mgbawa ọdịdị nke ugwu mmiri nke osimiri na ize ndụ rapids nwayọọ nwayọọ na-enye ụzọ na mbara ọzara nke Kolyma di ala ala na obi ike-otu ebe oruru. The bed nnọọ meander werekwa a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aka uwe. N'ebe ụfọdụ tinyere anoghi n'ulo oba na-akpali nnọọ mmasị - mmiri washes ewepụ lava nkume, na-ekpughe na-akpọ "tala", oge ochie rụrụ ego - tụụrụ ebe mgbe ochie ọmụmụ hụrụ ọkpụkpụ nke mammoths. N'ebe ụfọdụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri apịtị dị ma ọ bụ kpuchie nnyapade apịtị nwere ike igbu ụmụ anụmanụ na ọbụna ụmụ mmadụ.

Mgbe Kolyma River Highlands ụzọ tọrọ gafee expanses nke Yakutia - isi gold-amị veins nke Russian Republic. Ebe a, n'aka ekpe-akụ n'akụkụ nke Kolyma di ala ala nke nta nke nta na-aga si n'ala ihe nādighi nke ugwu tundra.

Kolyma River: inflows

On n'akụkụ aka nri nke osimiri kwupụta n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ gbatia nke konkiri-schist Kolyma ugwu kpuchie ịrịba ama coniferous ahịhịa. Ebe a na-amalite niile tributaries nke Kolyma - Bahapcha, Buyunda, Balygychan, Sugoy, Korkodon, Berezovka, Kamenka, Omolon, Obere na Large Anuy. Ekpe tributaries -. Seimchan, na-ebu, Yasachnaya, Popovka, Zyryanka, Ozhogina, Sededema River, wdg bụghị n'efu n'oge ochie emeghị dere ụmụ amaala obodo nke Eastern Siberia, na Kolyma River tụnyere ọtụtụ ụmụ, kpọrọ, ozuzu umu na-akpọlite ụmụaka 35. Nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke tributaries - ọzọ ma ọ bụ obere mkpa na Kolyma osimiri e. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, agadi nne osimiri nyere ụmụ a iwu, sị: na-emesapụ aka, miri, ịkụ azụ, na-elekọta ndị dị ndụ dị nso. Naanị otu inflow Omolon e kwesịrị ịbụ a ya nkwado. N'ezie, nke a mwubata tupu niile free of ice ke ini utọ, udia Kolyma.

A tortuous ụzọ na oké osimiri

Writhing niile ntụziaka, ndị Kolyma River na ụzọ ya si n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, mgbe ụfọdụ n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na-ahapụ saidwees na-eme a na nnukwu ikpere. Ya mere, ka ekpe tributary nke Kolyma Shumikha na ụzọ ya n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, na mgbe ahụ na-aga n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ aligns ntụziaka nke dị n'ebe ugwu na confluence nke ya River Zyryanka. Ya mere, na-agbagọ ma na wrapping, Kolyma esịmde Vyatkina traktị, ebe otu ugboro ọzọ eyiri n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, mgbe ahụ, na-agbanwe ntụziaka n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ si n'obodo Srednekolymsk na ọzọ amama n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Nke a direction na-nọgidere na-enwe na isi Omolon inflows, ma mgbe confluence nke osimiri Anyuya, atụgharịa na edere, idebe-ama nke a direction na Bay na Arctic Ocean.

Nke a na-akwalite guzobe meandering n'ime a plurality nke eruba. Ka ihe atụ, n'okpuru Verkhnekolymsk Shipanovskaya eruba emepụta a nnukwu ezuru ebe maka Shipanovsky Island ke ala esịmde nke osimiri n'ọnụ Konyaeva ole na ole obere duct kpụrụ dum chụsasịrị nke agwaetiti, a na-akpọ taa agwaetiti ahụ. Wee si na isi ọwa na mpaghara nke tract obe Zahrebetnaya duct na jikọọ na Kolyma Nizhnekolymsk, eke a nnukwu elongated agwaetiti 110 km ogologo ya ma obosara sitere na site 10 ruo 20 km.

hydrological e ji mara

Kolyma - udia mbuaha iyi, ọkacha mma snow-ozuzo na gradation 47% na 42%. 11% dara na replenishment nke ala. N'oge okpomọkụ na mmiri larịị tụlee budata, na-ebili naanị n'oge oké mmiri ozuzo. Ime na na-adịghị adịte idei mmiri. The okpomọkụ nke mmiri na osimiri anọgide ala, a na ọ bụghị ndị ọzọ na-ebili 10-15 ° C, na na maka jụụ-emetụta nnọọ okpomọkụ anyanwụ na-emighị emi ebe July ẹkụre nyaa ọkụ ruo 20-22 Celsius C. Kolyma na-oyi kpọnwụrụ na October, na oyi na-atụ afọ - na njedebe nke September. Akpụkọta tupu ice nwayọọ, na omume nke sludge guzobere nghọta ice dams, oge nke nke dịgasị iche n'ebe 2 ụbọchị ka a ọnwa.

Free nke ice Kolyma River n'elu nke kalenda n'oge okpomọkụ. Ịhapụ-elu nwere ike-adịru site 2 na ụbọchị 18, a na-esonyere mkpọchi mmasị.

mbupu

Malite site n'ọnụ nke osimiri Bahapchi, Colima aghọ navigable. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ije nke arịa a rụrụ si n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Seimchan. Na oge nke nọ n'ọrụ navigation oge 4-5 ọnwa. The isi na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Kolyma - Seimchan, Zyryanka, Cherskii.

mmadụ were

Na ala esịmde nke osimiri mepụtara azu, mmịpụta nke mineral. Ike mara mma ugwu osimiri taa ka nwoke, na-enye ya ọ bụghị nanị azu umu, ma na ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta na Kolyma HPP. Nke a hydroelectric osisi ha. Yi Frishter wuru nso obodo Sinegorye na site a nke ukwu nke ọkụ eletrik, nke bụ ezuru 95% nke mpaghara. Kolyma HPP - na elu ogbo nke cascade hydropower ụgbọ Kolyma. Today na-agwụ ndị na-ewu nke Ust-Srednekanskaya HPP, nke bụ nke abụọ ogbo nke cascade. Na 2013, anyị na-akwụ ndị mbụ haịdrọlik unit, na zuru nyere nke ebe ga-enye ọkọnọ nche nke mpaghara na mmepe nke Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ nke obodo.

Na ndụ ugbu a na-etoola ma na dike bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-amụ Kolyma River. Photos adade ke akwụkwọ a na-egosi na ya mara mma na ike, na-enyere onye na-agụ iche ịtụnanya amara nke ihe omimi Northern Belle River.