Construction, idozi na modernization nke nchekwa ihe na Russia

Nchekwa ihe mgbe kwuru na ígwè ọka nchekwa silos. Ke adianade do, ndị dị otú ahụ okụre gụnyere ndibọbọ na njikwa nke ugbo ngwaahịa. Si ot n'ụlọ nkwakọba na granaries nchekwa ihe dị iche na-iji na-echekwa nnọọ nnukwu ichekwa ọka. Na-ewu nke ndị dị otú ahụ ụlọ ọrụ a ga-rụrụ, n'ezie, na-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi ngwa nke technology. Otu na-aga n'ihi na ha na-arụzi na modernization.

ọnụ ọgụgụ

Ka ụbọchị, ike maka na ịchekwa ọka Russia, dị mwute ikwu, na-adịtụghị. Dị ka anyị research Rosstat, na ngụkọta ikike silos, n'ụlọ nkwakọba na CCH dị na mba anyị, bụ banyere 118 nde tọn. Chie - karịrị a chọrọ iji chekwaa niile anakọtara ke ubi nke RF owuwe ihe ubi. Otú ọ dị, ike nke 118 m banyere 66 m na Russia mere ugbo containers enwe gharazie ịba uru imewe. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ọ n'ụlọ nkwakọba na barns, wuru na 50 nke narị afọ gara aga. Mgbe ha na-eji dị ka nchekwa na-efu ruo 20% na-egbute ọka.

N'ezie nke anụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ike bụ nnọọ agadi (70%). Mgbe a ọka igwe mbuli Russia na-na-onwem na silo na bonka rụrụ, ke izute n'oge a na nkà na ụzụ na logistical chọrọ.

All a na-eduga ná a ịrịba ọnwụ nke owuwe ihe ubi na-na ịrị elu na-eri nke nchekwa nke ọka. Iji dozie nsogbu a na modernization nke nchekwa ihe wuru na narị afọ gara aga nwere ike ịbụ na Russia ma ọ bụ ndị na-ewu ihe owuwu ọhụrụ a iche iche.

A dịgasị iche iche nke ulo oru nkwakọba

Site oru niile nchekwa ihe nwere ike nkewa:

• ọka-eluigwe na ala;

• n'ichepụta (-emepe emepe na-na-na nso osisi na-amị ọka);

• reloading (emi odude nso w / d ọnụ ma ọ bụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri);

• ala, e maka nchekwa ọka mee.

E nwekwara pụrụ iche nri anụmanụ nchekwa. Ke adianade do, na Russia taa, ma guzosie ike na mmepụta nke igwe mbuli obere ikike, e kpọmkwem maka obere na-ajụ-sized ugbo.

ọzọ di iche iche

N'elu bụ isi ụdị nke silos. Otú ọ dị, okwu ahụ bụ "mbuli" nwere a nabatara umu pụtara. Jiri ndị dị otú ahụ na usoro nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị maka nchekwa nke na-akọ ugbo na ngwaahịa. Ka ihe atụ, ọka u na-hoisting ngwá gụnyere nkwakọ elu maka ejide casing. Structurally ha na-anọchite a oke ahu na onu ke center. Ọ bụrụ na ha ajụ rig njọ ihe mberede ime. Na mmezi na ndozi nke-egwu ngwá ga-rụrụ, n'ezie, na a-adọ ha n'ụzọ.

Ọzọ ụdị nchekwa ihe na-eji kpo oku usoro. Rụrụ nke ụdị na-bu n'obi belata usoro okpomọkụ ka a n'ọkwa. Na-anọchi anya nchekwa ihe na-adịghị okomoko kpo oku nfuli na-anaghị achọ ume ọsọ ọsọ si n'èzí. Ruru ya pụrụ iche Ọdịdị, n'ime nke na e nwere agwakọta nke mmiri oyi na-ekpo ọkụ.

Na mwepu nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá bụ ihu ọma apụghị ịchịkwa okpomọkụ nke coolant na tinyekwa. N'ihi ya, taa ejikarị modernization nke kpo oku usoro na mbuli site n'itinyekwu n'ime imewe nke drive. Ikpeazụ bụ maka na ije nke a agịga cone, ma ọ bụrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị na mmechi ngwaọrụ nozulu. N'ihi ya edidu, ọ na-ekwe ka ịhazie nọmba nke gafee site na mmiri mbuli.

Construction nke silos: Atụmatụ

Drilling na kemeghi nchekwa ihe bụ mkpa ọcha na imewe nke ụlọ nche na kpo oku usoro. Otú ọ dị, ihe ka ọtụtụ ozizi a na-aghọta ma na a granary. Ya mere n'ihu atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ụzọ nke ndị na-ewu, mmezi na modernization nke ndị dị otú ahụ na usoro.

Ọ bụla nchekwa ihe agụnye a na-arụ ọrụ silo ụlọ elu. Iji kwem dị otú ahụ a Ọdịdị nwere ike nke dị iche iche ihe. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ na-eji maka nzube a brick ma ọ bụ ihe. Ụlọ, windo na ibo ụzọ silos ndokwa dị otú ahụ a ụzọ kpamkpam kpochapụ-ekwe omume nke na-n'ime mmiri nchekwa. Paul amanyere bụ iwu waterproofing iji chebe ọka si n'ala mmiri.

Iwuli silo mgbe niile na slab ntọala. Na nke a n'ala nke mbụ n'ala ụlọ elu karị, na 80-250 cm. Gịnị na-eme otú n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa ka mmezi nnata na ngwaọrụ na nyiwe w / d na ụzọ iga.

Ke adianade mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ (ọ na-ezipụ, ime akara, na na. D.), na na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ elu niile na-edozi silos. Ha na-bu n'obi n'ezie nchekwa nke ọka. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị na-ewu na-agụnye echichi nke nchekwa ihe 2-3 nnukwu silos. Ndị a owuwu nwere ike mere nke metal ma ọ bụ ihe.

Na mgbakwunye na silo, hopper n'elu igwe mbuli, iji hapụ ọka. Site silo ha dị iche na nke na ha na-echetara anyị nke kpukwara pyramid ala.

Industrial ngwá nchekwa

Construction igwe mbuli iwu ọkachamara nke a ụdị ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ. Ndị a sịrị a ezitekwara niile dị mkpa ngwá maka granaries. E wezụga silos na bins, na ụlọ elu nwere ike arụnyere, n'ihi na ihe atụ:

• ọcha mmepụta (separators skalperators);

• Ọchịchọ usoro (mwepụ nke ìhè adịghị);

• Flow akpịrịkpa.

N'ịga itieutom cereal granaries mere eji ígwè mbugo (lifts) na njem dị iche iche na aghụghọ.

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke mbuli

The n'ichepụta usoro nke ọ bụla granaries agụnye ndị na-esonụ isi usoro:

• nnabata ọka;

• ya nhazi (ihicha na ihicha);

• nchekwa;

• ezumike n'ji.

Na ndibọbọ ọgwụgwụ nchekwa ọka tupu-ota site na ọtụtụ ihe (quality, ogo nke mmiri ma ọ bụ irighiri ihe na t.). Na ya na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ elu ntukwasi, kpochara, Fikiere ma zigara nchekwa via a ebu. Mbupu nke ọka silos na railcars a mere site diplegs ma ọ bụ iji pụrụ iche akụrụngwa.

Mmezi nke igwe mbuli: Atụmatụ

Ebe ọ bụ na ngwá maka ọka nchekwa ọtụtụ mgbe na-eji ochie, na nzukọ nke ya mmezi na mmezi ga-bịakwutere uru. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ na o kwere omume, albeit ubé ahụ, ma ka mma nchekwa nke ugbo ngwaahịa na belata weere na a kacha nta.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, ụlọ nchekwa nwere na-ebu ndị a na ụdị Ndozi, dị ka:

1. Akara nke inter-panel nkwonkwo ụlọ ọrụ. N'okpuru nduzi nke na-adịghị mma gburugburu ebe obibi ihe nkwonkwo na nchekwa silos na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ nkwarụ ma bibie.

2. Silo nhicha na akara nke cracks na ha mgbidi. Ihe a haziri nke a na oru na nchekwa ihe na-mgbe niile doro oké kwụ na vetikal ibu, nke na-eduga ụdị nile nke ntụpọ. Agbakwunyere cracks na mgbidi silo a iji a ciment-ájá ngwa agha. Ọ nwekwara ike-emepụta ma na-ewusi silos site gilzovaniya.

3. Nnọchi windo na nkà na ụzụ mkpochapu mezhsilosnyh oversleeping.

4. Mweghachi nke amị ike nke mesikwuru ihe owuwu.

5. Mmezi nke n'elu ụlọ na mastic.

6. Mmezi nke ventilashion na usoro.

Sere ụlọ na akụrụngwa

N'ezie, mgbe niile kwesịrị ịbụ akọrọ ke nchekwa silos. Concrete elu dị iche porosity na nwere a plurality nke microcracks. Iji gbochie na-abawanye nke ikuku iru mmiri n'ime nchekwa, ha mgbidi kwesịrị oge n'iku. Na nke a, ị ga-eji pụrụ iche cracking agba.

N'ezie, na-ese na igwe mbuli mkpa ọ bụghị nanị ụlọ ahịa ha. Kpughee a ọgwụgwọ ga-ga na ime ụlọ akụrụngwa: .. Dryers, conveyors, ịwụ igwe mbuli, wdg Iji aka ndị dị otú ahụ na aghụghọ na-eji silverfish.

Abamuru nke modernization

Mmezi, otú ikwe ụfọdụ iji belata ọka weere na igwe mbuli wuru na narị afọ gara aga. Otú ọ dị, iji mee ka mmepụta usoro dị ka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma dị ka o kwere, n'ezie, naanị site n'ịrụ ịwa dị ka modernization nke nchekwa ihe na ha nwughari. Dị ka ekwuola, ọtụtụ ndị na ngwá na ụlọ ọrụ dị na Russian Federation, na granaries bụ gharazie ịba uru. The uru nke modernization wuru na narị afọ gara aga nchekwa ihe nwere ike na otú a ga-atụle:

• melite àgwà ọka nchekwa;

• dịkwuo ume arụmọrụ;

• mma na gburugburu ebe obibi ọka nchekwa;

• a doro anya na ohere na-akpaghị aka nyochaa arụmọrụ nke ngalaba nile, ma si otú ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ aka.

Modernization nke nchekwa ihe na Russia: nnọchi ngwá

A set nke jikoro iji na optimizing ọrụ nke ochie granary, nwere ike na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ na-eme:

• dịkwuo ihicha ike;

• nnọchi iga usoro nke oge a;

• ọzọ akụrụngwa nchekwa na-anata ihe;

• nnọchi nke gharazie ịba uru Thermo a ọhụrụ.

Ọzọkwa modernization nke nchekwa ihe na-agụnyekarị mkpochapu nke ụdị ihe na-elekọta mmadụ nsogbu. Nke a pụrụ ịbụ ihe atụ, enweghị ọkụ, ájá, ọnụnọ nke mkpụrụ nke irighiri na gburugburu na-arụ ọrụ ngwá, na na. D. Mgbe ụfọdụ reconstructed granaries na mere ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro dị ka redevelopment nke ogige.

The mkpa ime nke ugbua thermometry usoro

Equipment nke ụdị bụ na otu n'ime ndị isi nchekwa ihe. Ọ bụ site na ya ezigbo ọrụ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nchekwa nke ugbo ngwaahịa. The eziokwu na ọka na silos bụ nke ukwuu mgbe ndị dị otú ahụ a na-adịghị mma onu ka onwe onye na-kpo oku ruru ka oké mmiri.

Ọ bụrụ na ị gafere na allowable okpomọkụ na strata, ịzọpụta ugbo jikoro kwesịrị iwere ozugbo. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọtụtụ mgbe mbuli thermometry usoro ka ụbọchị kwa bụ gharazie ịba uru na-achọ nnọchi ma ọ bụ mma.

Atụmatụ nke akara usoro upgrade

Nwughari nke ẹdude akụrụngwa na granary nke ụdị na-emekarị-enye gị ohere:

• n'egbughị oge na-enweta ezi ihe ọmụma banyere okpomọkụ dị iche iche n'ígwé nke echekwara ibu;

• ngwa ngwa na n'ụzọ dị mfe nyochaa niile nke data;

• Ịnọgide na-enwe-edebe ihe ochie nke nha.

Modernization nke nchekwa ihe na-eburu nzukọ nke dị iche iche nke akara usoro. Nnọọ na-ewu ewu, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ọ bụ a thermometric akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere nke analọg sensọ. Na usoro nke mmejuputa iwu nke ikpeazụ, ihe ndị ọzọ, kwere na ojiji nke na-ama dị na aga ọgbọ nke mbuli nkwusioru.

Mgbe ụfọdụ nlekota usoro a gbakwunyere granaries na-enweghị mmetụta ndabichi digital sensọ. Na nke ọ bụla nwere ike na nkebi, na-enweghị ka a mgbanwe mmepụta usoro na enweghị ego na modernization na akpaaka nke thermometric akụrụngwa.