Desert na ọkara desert: ala, ihu igwe, fauna

Ọkara desert - a mmiri na-adịghị, akọrọ ebe nke ụwa ebe ghara ịda karịa 25 cm nke mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ. The kasị mkpa na ha guzobere bụ ikuku. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe niile desat e ọkụ ihu igwe, ụfọdụ n'ime ha, na Kama nke ahụ, na-ewere na coldest n'ógbè nke Earth. Ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi dị iche iche na-emegharị ka njọ na ebe ndị a.

Dị ka e nwere n'ọzara, na ọkara desat?

Ihe Kpatara ruru ka nke e nwere ọzara, e nwere ọtụtụ. Ihe atụ, na ndị Atacama Desert obere mmiri ozuzo n'ihi na ọ na-emi odude na ụkwụ nke ugwu nke ha crests kpuchie ya site na mmiri ozuzo.

Ice desat kpụrụ n'ihi ihe ndị ọzọ. Na Antarctica, na Arctic na isi uka nke snow dara na n'ụsọ oké osimiri na n'ime obodo ebe snow n'ígwé ojii fọrọ adịghị eru. The ọdịda n'ozuzu dịgasị ukwuu, otu snoo na-ada, n'ihi na ihe atụ, kwa afọ ọnụego nwere ike ịda. Ndị a snow drifts ii karịrị ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Hot desat iche kasị iche iche chakoo. Naanị ụfọdụ n'ime ha kpam kpam kpuchie ájá. The elu nke kasị nkpọchi pebbles, nkume na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche ụdị. The desert bụ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam na-emeghe ka weathering. Strong gusts nke ifufe ekemende rekeji nke obere nkume na kụrụ ha na nkume.

Na aja desat nke ifufe na-eburu ájá na ókèala, eke a-efegharị efegharị-dị ka ego, nke na-akpọ dunes. The kasị ụdị dunes - dunes. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha elu nwere ike iru 30 mita. Akwa crest nwere a elu nke 100 mita na-adị 100 km.

okpomọkụ ọnọdụ

The idụhe bụ desert na semidesert nnọọ iche iche. N'ógbè ụfọdụ, ehihie okpomọkụ nwere ike iru ruo larịị nke 52 Celsius ^C. Nke a na onu bụ n'ihi na enweghị nke igwe-oji na ikuku, nke mere na ọ dịghị ihe na-azọpụta n'elu n'ebe kpọmkwem ìhè anyanwụ. Night okpomọkụ na-ukwuu belata, ọzọ ruru ka enweghị ígwé ojii na ike ọnyà okpomọkụ nwetara n'elu.

Na-ekpo ọkụ desat nke mmiri ozuzo na - a obere onu, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, ebe a banyere ike mmiri ozuzo. Mgbe mmiri ozuzo mmiri na-adịghị etinye obi gị dum n'ime ala, na uzo ngwa ngwa si n'elu site flushing ala ahụ na nkume ndị ahụ ghọọ akọrọ ọwa, nke na-akpọ ndagwurugwu.

Location nke ọzara na ọkara desat

Na kọntinent, nke na-emi odude ke edere edere latitudes bụ desert na ọkara desert subtropical na ọnọdụ zones. Mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwekwara ebe okpomọkụ - na Indo-Gangetic Plain, na Arabia, na Mexico, na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ United States. Na Eurasia, mmezi-okpomọkụ desert ebe na-emi odude ke Caspian ịda mbà n'obi, na Central Asian na South-Kazakh larịị ndagwurugwu ke Central Asia na-agba ugwu ugwu. Central Asian desert formations peculiar sharply continental idụhe.

Na Southern Hemisphere n'ọzara, na ọkara desat ndị na-erughị nkịtị. Lee ụfọdụ oké desert na ọkara desert formations ka Namibia, Atacama desert guzobere na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Peru na Venezuela, Victoria, Kalahari desert Gibson, simpson, na Gran Chaco, Patagonia, na Great Sandy Desert na ọkara desert Karoo na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Africa.

Polar desat emi odude na continental agwaetiti nke ice Eurasia ebe na agwaetiti nke Canadian akipelago, na n'ebe ugwu nke Greenland.

anụmanụ

Animals n'ọzara, na ọkara desat nke ọtụtụ afọ nke ịdị na ebe ndị a jisiri imeghari ka aka ike Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Against okpomọkụ na oyi na-atụ, ha zoo n'ime ala burrows na-eri ukwuu n'ime ala akụkụ nke osisi. N'etiti fauna na e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị carnivores: nkịta ọhịa Fenech, jungle nwamba, cougars, coyotes na ọbụna tiger. The idụhe bụ desert na semidesert mee ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ na n'ụzọ zuru okè mepụtara thermoregulatory usoro. Ụfọdụ ndị bi na desert nwere ike idi ọnwụ nke ọmụmụ na a atọ nke ha ahu arọ (eg, geckos, camel), na n'etiti invertebrates e nwere umu na-enwe ike ida mmiri ka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ya ibu ibu.

Na North America na Asia hụrụ ọtụtụ nākpu akpu, karịsịa ngwere otutu. Pụtara nke ọma na-ekesa agwọ: f-oghere, dị iche iche na agwọ ọjọọ, Boa. Nke nnukwu ụmụ anụmanụ hụrụ saiga, kulan, kamel, pronghorn, na nso nso okụrede Przewalski si ịnyịnya (n'agha, ọ ka nwere ike a hụrụ).

Animals nke desert na ọkara desert Russia - ọ bụ a dị iche iche nke pụrụ iche fauna. N'ọzara na mpaghara bi òké bekee, sandstones, hedgehogs, ọhịa ass, Jamaal, agwọ ọjọọ. Ke desat, nke na-emi odude na ókèala nke Russia, a na-hụrụ 2 ụdị spiders - Black di ya nwụrụ na tarantula.

Na pola desat bi polar bea, musk oke-ehi, arctic nkịta ọhịa, na ụfọdụ ụdị nnụnụ.

ahịhịa

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ihe ọkụkụ na n'ọzara, na ọkara desat izute dị iche iche na cactus, zhestkolistye grasses, osisi, psammophytes, ephedra, acacia, Haloxylon, ncha osisi, ụbọchị nkwụ, oriri lichen na ndị ọzọ.

N'ọzara, na ọkara desat: ala

Ala na-abụkarị underdeveloped, ya mejupụtara na-adịkwaghị mmiri-soluble salts. N'etiti ala na-akpụ nkume a na-adịkwaghị ochie alluvial na loess ego na-esichara site na ifufe. Gray-aja aja ala pụta ụwa na elu larịị ebe. Desat-ji saline, i.e. Ona na-ebu banyere 1% soluble salts. Ke adianade desat, nnu marshes na-hụrụ na steppes na ọkara desat. Groundwater, nke nwere salts, mgbe na-eru elu nke ala edebe ya elu oyi akwa, na-akpata ala salinity.

Kpamkpam dị iche iche ụdị ala e ji mara nke a onodu ubochi zones dị ka subtropical n'ọzara, na ọkara desat. The ala ndị a na mpaghara nwere a kpọmkwem oroma na brick red. Sọpụrụ ha shades ọ natara ihe kwesịrị ekwesị aha - krasnozems na zheltozemy. Na subtropical belt na North Africa na na South na North America, e nwere ọzara, ebe isi awọ Ona kpụrụ. Na ụfọdụ ebe okpomọkụ desert formations kpụrụ red-odo ala.

Natural ebe desat na ọkara desat - bụ nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke Okirikiri, ihu igwe, na osisi fauna. N'agbanyeghị obi ọjọọ na ndị obi ọjọọ ọdịdị nke ọzara, ndị a na mpaghara ghọrọ n'ụlọ otutu umu osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ.