Dizel WHA: nkọwa na reviews

Otu n'ime ndị isi-adịghị emezi emezi nke Russian akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ bụ enweghị a uka nke dizel ụgbọala. Na echiche nke obodo na-emepụta nwere iji mba ọzọ ogbo. Mmepe nke ndị a Motors malitere naanị na nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ gara aga, na uka nhọrọ ka na-adịghị egosi. Ọzọ, anyị na-atụle dizel VAZ ụgbọala.

prerequisites

The mbụ ibuo dizel ụgbọala pụtara na Europe na 30s. ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Na USSR, nke a mere ọtụtụ ihe mgbe e mesịrị, n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe.

Firstly, ndị a ike nkeji bụ ihe siri ike Nlụpụta tụnyere petrol ogbo.

Nke abụọ, diesels na oge nke ukwu lagged n'azụ arụmọrụ.

Thirdly, Motors Obodo kwururi ọjọọ arụmọrụ: elu mkpọtụ larịị, nsogbu nke oyi mmalite, ala gburugburu ebe obibi enyi.

Fourthly, n'oge mmanụ ụgbọala bụ nnọọ ọnụ ala, ya mere, ọbụna ụfọdụ arọ ígwè e onwem na petrol engines. Dị diesels ihe-bụ-eji na arọ igwe, ebe ha bụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa karịa mmanụ ụgbọala engines ruru elu-torque.

Otu n'ime ihe mbụ Soviet njem ụgbọ ala, na-a dizel engine, ọ ghọrọ GAZ-21, na ya bupu analogue: na 60s. Onye Belgium igwe ruo eruo na ọtụtụ embodiments ikuku engines nke mba ọzọ rụpụta.

Na 70 ies. Ọ malitere ifịk dissemination nke dizel engines na ụgbọala obere na-ajụ klaasị. Isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na ike na nsogbu nke 1973. Obodo Motors Cars site mgbe ahụ budata mepụtara. Ha karịrị mmanụ ụgbọ ala ogbo na okwu nke arụmọrụ na anwụ ngwa ngwa site 1.5-2 ugboro, n'ihi na ukwuu ike nke akụkụ. Performance na-enwekwukwa site n'iji turbines.

First vazovskiy dizel

On na Volga Automobile Plant ịzụlite dizel engines maka njem ụdị malitere na 80s. Designers, e kpebiri na-ewu a moto na a mmanụ ụgbọala na-emepụta site na nkà na ụzụ mmiri, pụtara oru ngo na 2108. Na n'ihu ha e nwere nsogbu nke na-anọghị nke manu ngwá ọrụ nke dizel engines maka njem ụgbọala.

N'ihi ya, na-adabere na nke ngọngọ 2103 kere ikuku powerplant VAZ-341 olu 1,45 lita na 55 lita. a. Ọ dị iche precombustion imewe negosi bụghị carburetion pistin ebe, na a iche iche ụlọ. Electronics anọghị. The nkesa nke manu na cylinders rụrụ elu nsogbu mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta. Site imewe, dizel VAZ yiri Ford Motors na Volkswagen n'oge 80-ies. Ọ kwuru na engine na ndị ikpeazụ sample e maka mmepe.

Dị ka ule results gosikwara na ọ bụ adịghị anakwere iji ọkọlọtọ "mmanụ ụgbọala" akụkụ. Dizel VAZ, dị ka ndị ọzọ Motors nke ụdị ji ụba ibu n'ihi na elu mkpakọ ruru. N'ihi na nke a ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọcha kọrọ ike, karịsịa ndị crank usoro na pistin otu. The ọnọdụ ahụ dịkwuo njọ site ala nkenke n'ichepụta.

Dabere na nke a, na 1984, e kpebiri ike a 1.7 liter dizel dabeere VAZ-2106 iji ọcha 21083.

Na 1986 o kere a turbocharged version nke 3411 ike nke 65 lita. a. na 114 nm, na tọhapụrụ abụọ onwem na ya, "Niva" na index nke 21215. Otú ọ dị, ha na-n'usoro anya.

Ma, VAZ-2105 na a 341-m moto natara index 21055, mechaa kwuo ule na 1986-1988, Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị ịdị n'otu nke moto na mmanụ ụgbọala, ụgbọ ala na-agba ọsọ na-mmepụta. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe. Otu n'ime ndị isi na - na enweghị ala ego nkwado.

usoro dizel engines

Oge ọzọ maka mmepe nke dizel engines WHA were na 1996 na "Barnaultransmash". Okwu nke imekọ ihe ọnụ chere na nke abụọ osisi ga-emepụta ike nkeji VAZ development. ezinụlọ atọ engines na e kere.

Ọ ghọrọ mbụ 341-nke moto, mụbara ka 1,52 lita olu. More oru oma engine 343 nwere a olu nke 1.8 lita. Ike kacha ike nhọrọ - ọ bụ otu dizel VAZ onwem na IHI tobaim, na index nke 3431. The engines natara mmanụ ụgbọala ngwa Bosch.

Dị na a mepụtara a nso nke dizel mgbanwe nke ọkọlọtọ ụdị. Dị otú ahụ engines na-zubere ka ga-eji na utilitarian ugbo ala. N'ihi ya, 21045 na 21048 ugbala zubere iji kwadebe aspirated embodiments 341 na 343, karị. Na "Fields" 21215-50 na 21215-70-arụnyere 1.8 liter ndammana aspirated na turbocharged engines, karị, na VAZ-21315 - na 3431.

Site 2000 Barnaul Plant mụtara na mmepụta nke dizel engines, data, na site na pilot mmepụta malitere na echichi nke a dizel engine VAZ-2104 na 2105. ndị a ugbo ala na-emepụta obere obere batches.

N'agbanyeghị ogbenye arụmọrụ, moto ụgbọala bịakwutere. N'ihi na a obi umeala arụmọrụ petrol ike unit ọnụ na Ọnọdụ ọ bụghị karịsịa ịrịba n'ihi na ndị a na ụdị, ma aku na uba amụbawo ịrịba. N'otu oge ahụ na-engine nwere otu nsogbu dị ka ndị mbụ 341 nke dizel VAZ: n'ihi na ala n'ibu ike nke pistin otu dị nnọọ mkpụmkpụ-bi. Engine ndụ bụ 30-40 puku. Km. N'elu na-eru ndị chọrọ agbara ndị dị otú ahụ Mmezi dizel VAZ, esịnede na nnọchi nke cylinder ọnụ na pistin otu.

N'ime oge ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị nkà na ụzụ nsogbu e kpebiri, dapụtara na ụba engine anwụ ngwa ngwa. Otú ọ dị, na 2003, VAZ-21045 E wepụrụ mmepụta. Ndị fọdụrụ 500 engines VAZ-341 arụnyere na sedans, natara index 21055. Total emepụta banyere 6,000 dizel ụgbọala n'elu 3 afọ.

Mere ọdịda

Mass mmepụta nke dizel njem ụgbọala dara guzosie, n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe. Isi nke ha - na unprofitability nke ntọhapụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ engines n'ihi budata ochie imewe. The engines nwere otu precombustion atụmatụ dị ka ndị mbụ 341-nke prototype, na budata lagged n'azụ oge a na ogbo nke arụmọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi. Iji nweta na-anabata arụmọrụ ọ dị mkpa ka ike a dị iche iche engine imewe. Independent development atụle abaghị uru, na technical mmekọ maka nke a abụghị. Ke adianade do, na ngwaahịa na-ere ọma VAZ na enweghị dizel.

biiri engines

Ebe ọ bụ na kwesịrị ekwesị njem uka dizel VAZ ugboro ugboro biiri moto n'akụkụ.

Ya mere, na 1981, ọ na-ewere na o na n'ịtụgharị a mmanụ ụgbọala engine VAZ-2121 na òkè nke dizel Porche.

Site na 1987 ruo 1990 na emeputa na njikọ na German mbubata Deutsche Lada azụlitewo a plan ịmepụta otu mbupụ version nke Niva na Volkswagen ike unit. Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ọrụ jụrụ imeghari ya 1.9 liter engine ka Niva n'elu ikpo okwu.

Na 1993 o jisiri guzosie imekọ ihe ọnụ na otú ahụ na Peugeot. Họpụta site French mbubata Jean ezie na emeputa nke na-emegharị ndị 1.9L XUD-9L engine maka echichi na VAZ-2121. igwe emeputa aku "Lada-Export". E na-ejikari naputa "Niva", na a ọkọlọtọ moto dochie French. Total na-emepụta banyere 6,000 dị otú ahụ ugbo ala na France, Spain, Italy na ndị ọzọ na European ahịa.

Ọzọkwa, Italy, "Martorelli" onwem na "Niva" moto VM na FNM.

Otú ọ dị, na iwebata nke gburugburu ebe obibi na ụkpụrụ Euro-2 obere-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta nke dizel "Neve" dechara.

N'afọ 1998, ya na Peugeot na "Martorelli" VAZ gbalịrị melite mmepụta nke "Fields" na moto Peugeot XUD-9SD. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ na-ama na-akwụsị ruru ka iwebata Euro-3 ụkpụrụ.

Ke adianade do, site na 1995 ruo 1997, PSA TDU5 engine si Peugeot 106 na Citroen Saxo na-atọ ndị ọzọ Mgbakwụnye na-ruo eruo na mbụ arịọnụ Samara maka French ahịa na Benelux mba.

adịbeghị anya nwere

N'afọ 2007, Chevrolet Niva na onye ina "Okwu Plus" na-esetịpụrụ FNM moto.

Na 2014, Lada 4x4 anwalewo na a 1.3 liter 75 HP. a. moto Fiat Multijet. Na nke a, ọ bụghị dakọtara na nnyefe nke torque ịmachi ma ọ bụ na analọg circuitry wiring maka ike-ụgbọ ala.

Super ụgbọala tụlewo ohere mwube ka "Lada" 4x4 1.5 liter dizel engine si Renault Duster na 2015. Ke adianade do, ibuo ụgbọ ala e kere na 100-horsepower 1.8 liter engine.

Ihe a haziri nke dizel engines

Basic ike unit usoro kere upgrading mbụ 341-nke engine VAZ: dizel e mụbara site 4 mm pistin ọrịa strok (84 mm). Na a ego amụbawo site 1,45 ka 1,52 lita. Sịlịnda isi mere nke níle Önwa, ndu bushing, valvụ oche - of alloyed nkedo ígwè inserts combustion-ulo - nke superalloy. Gas nkesa usoro biiri si VAZ-2108. Arụ ọrụ usoro steepụ valvụ n'elu elektropereplava. Crankshaft - si 2103 na ụba isi tolerances agbasa Nkea. Mụbara rigidity nke mgbatị Ọdịdị 2103. arụnyere incandescent kandụl. Motor Starter onwem ike nke 1.7 kW (1.9 na VAZ-21055). Nke a chọrọ iji elu-ike batrị (AA 60 ma ọ bụ 65 awa). Ọzọkwa, arụnyere Bosch mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta na a agụụ mgbapụta ike a agụụ na breeki booster.

E deforsirovan mgbanwe 3413 mere maka kọmpat traktọ na electric drive. Site na mbụ 341-nke moto bụ dị iche iche ókè na ọsọ kacha ka 3000 kama 4800.

1.8 liter engines kere amụba cylinder n'obosara site 76 ka 82 mm.

E turbocharged variants 1,45 liter engine 341 (3411) na VAZ-343 (3431 na tobaim IHI)

technical e ji mara

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, n'ihi na nke gharazie ịba uru imewe VAZ-341 nwere a ala arụpụtaghị ka tụnyere analogs nke ndị ugboro. Ya ike bụ 54 lita. a. na 4600 rev / min, na torque - 92 nm na 2300 rev / min. Nke ahụ bụ, ọbụna na abụọ egosi, ọ na-enye ụzọ petrol moto (103 nm na VAZ-21043). Kasị elu-torque na ala gbapụrụ ọsọ nyere site ọzọ ndịna arụmọrụ ma belatara gia ruru.

Version 3413 derated 32 lita. a. na 3000 rev / min.

Kwesịrị ịdị, ihe na-arụpụta 1.8 L dizel VAZ: nkọwa ka 65 lita. a. na 4600 rev / min na 114 nm na 2500 rev / min.

Turbocharged n'onwe amalite 80 l. a. na 4600 rev / min na 147 nm na 2500 r / min.

dizel ụgbọala

Wụnye dizel engine na VAZ-2104 e rụrụ na Department of mmezi na ndozi nke VAZ ụgbọala. Pilot mmepụta malitere na 1998, na-atọhapụ a ogbe nke 50 igwe na 341-m dizel (21045).

E mesịa, ha malitere iji nwalee igwe na 343-nke engine (21048) na ya idegharị (akụ gbalịrị ntọt ruo 150 puku. Km). Ọ e zubere iji melite mmepụta ke 2005, ma ọ na-emezughị.

VAZ-21315 e kwadebere maka ntọhapụ na 2002, ma na-agaghị na-agba ọsọ.

atụmatụ

Dizel n'ụgbọala atụmatụ ụfọdụ imewe atụmatụ si mmanụ ụgbọala VAZ-2104. Dizel n'ihi nke ukwuu uka choro ka mesikwuru n'ihu nkwusioru spring. Main ụzọ dochie na 4.1 na 3.9. Iji chefuo maka ụba mkpọtụ si dizel engine arụnyere na engine ogige ọzọ ụda mkpuchi (na-echebe hundu na ụlọ). Iyuzucha anwụrụ ọbọp loop iji zere ofufe nke nri oriọna soot. Na dashboard enwere na-egbukepụ egbukepụ nkwụnye kpo oku oriọna na isi nke mmanụ ụgbọala nyo okpomọkụ (na nke a na ọ bụghị na oriọna).

Nyocha

N'oge na mgbe ndi oru nta akuko na "wheel" nwetara n'ụgbọala VAZ dizel. Nyocha na-egosi ihe onwe onye na-arụ ọrụ engine na ala revs. Ya mere, ọbụna na-n'okpuru ụzọ pụrụ ịbụ a 5th gia, na na 30 km / h amalite ezigbo nzube. Mgbe ụgbọala ngwa ngwa, na Kama nke ahụ, i nwere ka ịgbanwee karịa mmanụ ụgbọala ụgbọ ala, n'ihi nke shortened isi ụzọ. N'ihi ya ọ bụla ikpe na Ọnọdụ nke dizel ụgbọ ala bụ anya n'azụ. Naanị na ala gbapụrụ ọsọ, a nta uru.

Osooso na 100 km / h mmanụ ụgbọala VAZ-2104 ngwa ngwa 8. E wezụga dizel igwe usụhọde na ọsọ kacha 13 km / h. Mgbe ngwa ngwa si a ọrịa strok site 20 ruo 90 km / h erughị ọdịiche (banyere 3 sekọnd). Ke adianade do, reviews nke akwụkwọ "Auto", a dizel slowed mmeghachi omume gas pedal.

Banyere elu mkpọtụ larịị, nke a na-emekarị ji dị otú ahụ engine, dizel VAZ budata ọsọ na-abaghị uru (6-8 dB (A)). Na-amụba revolutions dị iche na-belata 3.1 dB (A), na mgbe ahụ kpamkpam.

The ule results ndi oru nta akuko natara a 10% dị iche na nkezi mmanụ ụgbọala oriri na mbuaha ọnọdụ. Otú ọ dị, ego uru nke na-eji a dizel engine na moto mmanụ price n'oge ule 36%. Reporters gbakọọ na a nnukwu $ 1,300 na-eri nke igwe-akwụ anya maka 180 puku. Km.

Nzaghachi si enwe VAZ-21048, ọ tụgharịa si ihe ndị ọzọ mma, ma, ekele ọzọ elu-torque, enye gị ohere ka ịgbanwee ihe na-erughị.

Na otu engine na-ọma gosiri na ya bụ "Niva", karịsịa anya-ụzọ.

VAZ-3411 tụgharịrị na moto yiri na uma 2121. Dị ka petrol engine, ọ kasị mma na-egosipụta onwe na elu gbapụrụ ọsọ. Mgbe ọ na-ala na-agba nzube dị ala karịa ndị nke VAZ-21213, na a na-akpọ TURBO lag.

arụmọrụ

N'ihi na arọ arọ nke engine nke ụgbọala VAZ-21045 mụbara 1,06 m (40 n'arọ tụnyere 21043), ngụkọta - ruo 1,515. Dị ka emeputa, osooso na 100 km / h na 23 sec (6 ọzọ), na ọsọ kacha - 125 km / h (erughị 18 km / h). Mmanụ ụgbọala oriri nke 5.2 lita na 90 km / Ọrụ Nchịkwa, 7.5 liter na 120 km / h na 6.2 l na mepere emepe na gburugburu ebe obibi (7, 9,9, 9.8 L na 21043, karị).

The igwe na 343-m moto Ọnọdụ nso ka petrol ojii n'ụgbọala VAZ. 1.8 liter dizel enye osooso na 100 km / h maka 19 sekọnd na a ọsọ kacha nke 133 km / h.

Osooso VAZ-21215-50 ruo 100 km / h na 25 s, na kacha ike ọsọ bụ 127 km / h megide 19 na 137 km / h nwere 21213.

VAZ-21215-70 maka Ọnọdụ nke osooso bụ hà na mmanụ ụgbọ ala "Field" na lags na ọsọ kacha 7 km / h.