Ebee bụ carotid akwara: anatomical Ọdịdị na physiology arịa

Carotid akwara - a isi vaskụla agụmakwụkwọ nke na-enye ndị ọbara ọbara nke ụbụrụ anụ ahụ na ya shei, okpokoro isi ihu, iṅomi uru ka akpụkpọ. Na nke a, ajụjụ nke ịchọpụta kpọmkwem ebe a arịa adịghị akpata nsogbu, ọbụna dị ka nwunye mara ebe carotid akwara. N'ezie, otu onye nwere ike tụlee ọdịdị ya pulsation na carotid triangle na anterolateral elu nke n'olu.

Anatomical Ọdịdị carotid akwara

Na anatomical okwu carotid akwara bụ ọbara arịa, nke bụ akụkụ nke aortic ọwa. N'otu oge ahụ kpọmkwem site aortic njiko Nkea naanị ekpe nkịtị carotid akwara, ebe a yiri arịa nri ọkara nke ahụ, si n'aka si brachiocephalic ogwe. Ngalaba na nri subclavian na nkịtị carotid akwara, brachiocephalic ogwe, alaka ụlọ ọrụ si kpọmkwem site aortic njiko, okokụre, na-enye n'ihu arịa nta caliber.

Ebe carotid akwara, na-akpọ neurovascular ùkwù, nke Ọdịdị bụkwa ndị vagus akwara , ọnụ na veins. Na abụọ nke ndị nkịtị carotid akwara wezuga mpụga na esịtidem carotid akwara. Ha nkewa na nomenclature bụ karị n'ógbè ọbara ọkọnọ.

The esịtidem carotid akwara igbo oxygen ina nke cranial akụkụ dị n'ime ya. N'ihi ya, ọ penetrates n'ime ya oghere na-etolite na ọbara netwọk bụ eguzogide ọtọ emeghasịkwa nke arịa na obi. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke cavernous imi, emi odude ke n'akụkụ nke sella turcica, ọ na-eziga ihu ụbụrụ alaka jikọọ na akwara nke otu aha na-abụghị akụkụ site a n'ihu ejikọta akwara. Ọzọkwa, esịtidem carotid akwara enye n'etiti na posterior ụbụrụ alaka, nke na-zitere gị n'ụbụrụ. N'ihi ya phylogenetically mere ndokwa ka meninges, na mgbakwunye na-adụ, ọnọde mpụga carotid akwara na ọdọ mmiri nke na-agụnye niile ọdịdị ihu na masticatory mọzụlụ, anụ ahụ nke na ihu na isi, ezé, ọ dịghị òkè oghere na orbit.

Hemodynamics na physiology nke carotid akwara

The anatomical Ọdịdị nke ahụ aortic njiko pụrụ iche, ebe ọ bụ ekwedo nke ọbara arịa. Inweta ụfọdụ ọbara ya lumen, na carotid akwara ebu ya isi. Odika 25% nke gbasara obi mmepụta dara na ụbụrụ anụ ahụ, nke na-akọwa ndị dị elu caliber nke carotid akwara. Ozugbo ahụ, obi ndị ọzọ òkè nke Mbelata ichu ọbara n'ime aorta, ha enweta ya a nkeji iri na ise.

Na ebe nke nkewa nke nkịtị carotid akwara abụọ kpọmkwem mmụta dị, nke a na-akpọ a bọl na-ero ụra. Ebe a na ụmụ mmadụ n'olu, ebe carotid akwara na-emi odude ke elu onu nke laryngeal thyroid cartilage. Ọ nwere a ukwuu nke na-anabata ya ma na a elu mgbaàmà njikọ, na-atụgharị uche arụmọrụ nke obi. Ọ bụrụ na gbasara obi mmepụta bụ obere, na ihe nnabata usoro na-enwe a nta nsogbu, ma si otú akpali vasomotor center. Ọ bụrụ na nsogbu na ọbara bed dị elu, mechiri emechi nzaghachi. E nwekwara ihe àmà na ndị a ihe nnabata iche iche nwere ike dị ofụri arịa. Ya mere, ebe carotid akwara ekwesịghị squeezed ma ọ bụ amanye uwe.

N'ihi ya lingual akwara, inyịme si mpụga carotid, ọbụna ibu n'obosara, ma e zigara ka asụsụ. Nke a na-enye ya a siri ike ọbara usoro na ịnọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ude nke uto. Ọ na-n'ọbara ukwuu iji nwayọọ karịa na isi carotid akwara, nke na-enyere mmiri n'ime oghere cleavable carbohydrates n'ọnụ.