Egbu maramara aluminum na aka-ha: otú, ngwaọrụ, ngwaọrụ

Aluminum bụ a dịtụ soft metal. Ọ bụla ngwaahịa si ya emecha tụfuru ya mbụ n'ụdị, n'elu iyi eyi, ndị oxides, ngwaahịa ahụ na-akwụsị. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ inye ihe ochie niile a ọhụrụ umu, ọ kwesịrị polished aluminum. Iji mee nke a, otu n'ime ndị na-esonụ ụzọ nwere ike ji mee:

• electropolishing;
• chemical polishing;
• ji achọ etching.

aluminum polishing ụzọ: chemical usoro

Nke a technology bụ environmentally friendly, mfe ma pụtara ngwa ngwa. Ọ bụ omume na-aghọta, na acid-eguzogide ígwè, nke ga-etolite ndabere nke polishing bath. Ọ bụrụ na olu nke na-arụ ọrụ bụ dịtụ obere, ọ bụ ike iji crucibles mere nke poselin. The akpa jupụtara acid ngwọta:

• na igirigi ibu sulphuric;
• nitric;
• Phosphoric.

Ngwaahịa na-lowered n'ime ọkụ ngwọta, okpomọkụ ga mbio 90 120 ° C, ikpeazụ uru ga-adabere na akara ule nke aluminum. Matala aluminum mejupụtara ga-n'ime 30 sekọnd ma ọ bụ nkeji, ikwugharị ihe iji banyere ugboro 6. Na n'etiti akụkụ na-asa, na ha mkpa mgbe niile maa jijiji.

na ya polished aluminum bụ mma mgbe eji na a drum n'usoro ike ọsọ. Mgbe mmezu nke ndị dị otú ahụ manipulations n'elu ga-akpọtụrụ ọla kọpa foil. Ọ ga-ewepụ site ṅachasịrị n'okpuru na-agba ọsọ mmiri na a ala okpomọkụ. Nke a ga-eme na a ọnyà. Na ọzọ ogbo nke ngwaahịa esichara 30 percent nitric acid.

Ọzọ kwe nkwa na ọrụ

Aluminum polishing nwere ike ime nke a site alkaline ngwọta:

• trisodium phosphate;
• sodium nitrate;
• caustic soda;
• sodium nitrate.

Ha okpomọkụ ga-adị elu dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere ndị acidic usoro, ịgba bụ 120-140 Celsius C. Ngwaahịa ga idi banyere 5-20 sekọnd. Mgbe a Usoro na-eji, na ọnwụ ga-hà aluminum nke banyere 8 microns ngụkọta oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ.

The ojiji nke electro-

Aluminum polishing nwere ike rụrụ n'ụzọ ọzọ. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ omume na-enweta onwunwu-eji ire ụtọ elu, na ihicha bụ nke elu mma. Electrolytes maka ndị dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ mgbe nwere na igirigi ibu sulphuric na phosphoric acid, na ndị ọzọ mmiri ga-adabere na ihe onwunwe.

Electrolytes nwere ike isi nweta gloss mgbe ẹkụre. Maka usoro okpomọkụ ga-ala karịa na n'elu ikpe, okpomọkụ ịgba bụ hà 60 90 Celsius C.

Polishing ga-rụrụ maka 5 nkeji, mgbe ugbu a njupụta nwere ike hà ka 10-50 A / dm². Usoro maka polishing cathodes-agụnye iji ihe-edu ndú, ma e nwere ndị ọzọ alloys na-enye maka ojiji nke igwe anaghị agba ígwè. Polishing achọ na ojiji nke duralumin nkwusioru, nakwa dị ka electrolyte bath na polyethylene, ụzọ ma ọ bụ PTFE nhazi. Ị mkpa ịkwadebe ihe alkaline electrolyte, ha na-erughị oké ọnụ.

Na usoro kwa ga-emetụta ndị mejupụtara nke electrolyte, okpomọkụ ịgba nwere ike ịdị iche site na 40 ruo 95 ° C banyere ikpughe, ọ dịruru si 3 6 nkeji, ebe ugbu a njupụta na anode bụ a ịgba nke 3-20 A / dm². Ịhọrọ cathodes, nickel a ga-họọrọ.

Atụmatụ ji achọ etching

aluminum polishing usoro nwere ike ji achọ. Nke a na Usoro na-eje ozi dị ka a subspecies nke electropolishing. Aluminum alloys na-etched site anodes ọchịchị site-chromium electrolyte. N'elu isiokwu kpụrụ crystalline ụkpụrụ nke nwere ụdị sockets ma ọ bụ ntu oyi. Na anode mkpanaka kpọgidere niile nkọwa, mgbe ahụ ị pụrụ ịmalite na ọgwụgwọ. Jisie ga-rụrụ na a voltaji nke 25-30 V. erule ọgwụgwụ voltaji biliri 35-40 V, na anodic ugbu a njupụta bụ hà ịgba nke 8-12 A / dm², mgbe okpomọkụ ga-adị iche site 50 ruo 80 Celsius C.

Odika 20 nkeji mechara pụta ìhè ịbịaru. Ọ bụrụ na ndị voltaji ga-amalite ebili kpamkpam, anyị nwere ike iche na usoro zuru ezu. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke aghụghọ na ngwaahịa na-asa, na-ọma a mịrị amị, na ọ na-rụrụ Anodizing ha. Aluminum na-ahụ e sijiri organic agba.

Yiri aluminum nwere ike enwetara site ọzọ usoro luster na anodic etching, nke a na-akpọ iskritom. Iji ngwaahịa a tupu mgbe usoro a doro ikpo ọgwụgwọ na a pụrụ iche atụmatụ. Ị nwere ike iji anodic etching "Snowball", nke na-enye ohere ka gị ike a matte n'elu sachaa.

Gịnị a ụzọ ka mma iji n'ụlọ

The tapawa maka polishing bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro na-eji ngwá ọrụ ndị na n'ụlọ polishing aluminum. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na chemical ikwọ nke dị iche iche dị egwu, ha na-ize ndụ ụmụ mmadụ ike. Polishing ike ga-eji:

• sandpaper;
• scrubbing brushes;
• lacquer;
• rags;
• nhicha ngwaahịa maka ụdị mmanya.

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ sandpaper bụ mkpa bụghị overdo ya na ọka, n'ihi na ma ọ nwere ịdọrọ scratches. Iji melite wear-eguzogide ma na a gloss lacquer bụ mma iji.

Akụkụ nke electrochemical polishing

Electrochemical polishing nke aluminum na-enye maka mmejuputa iwu-nke ihe yiri ọrụ site chemical na ọkụ mmetụta. Dị ka technology nke ndị dị otú a usoro na-eje ozi dị ka akụkụ nke anode electrode, ọ na jikọọ na nti DC ọkọnọ isi iyi. Workpiece na a ka ala ugbu a thereto ga-mikpuru a na-esite nke jupụtara electrolyte. The ọrụ nke abụọ electrode gụrụ ọla kọpa cathodes.

Iji a polishing igwe

Machine maka polishing bụ a adaba ga-esi enye ndị aluminum nke mbụ gloss. Ị nwere ike iji buff ke 1000, nke a na nke a gwara mmiri. Ogbo ma ọ bụ ákwà ga-etinyere esichara mmiri òkè. Ọzọkwa gụnyere polishing igwe 1400 revolutions kwa nkeji. Mgbe ndị dị otú a ịgba ọnụego ga-achụsasịkwa gburugburu 1 m.

aluminum n'elu ga-kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, mmiri mmiri ga-ikusi. Ị ga-kwadebere maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na gburugburu ga-hammered aluminum "porridge". Ya mere, na minit ọ bụla nke igwe ga-akwụsị ka itucha egweri wheel na ogbo dị mmiri n'okpuru na-agba ọsọ mmiri. Iji mezuo nke a, ụfọdụ omenkà iji ot bryzgalku.

"Porridge" kwesịrị kpochara ọbụna na nkọwa. Luster si, ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ọzọ eji nwekwara obi. Nke a ogbo bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa. Ọ ga-adabere na ya 80% nke ikpeazụ n'ihi. Nnọọ kwesịrị ka 10 mm n'ofè isi gburugburu ga-gwara, atọ ya bryzgalku. Ihe a na-gwara a dee mmiri ogbo. The tapawa a na-eji Polish ike ike, ya ngwa ga-rụrụ na workpiece, kama a gburugburu.

ọgwụgwụ

aluminum egbu maramara ji aka ya nwere ike ịbụ a dịgasị iche iche nke n'aka, ma otu n'ime ndị kasị dị irè bụ a tapawa. Ọ na-adịghị nwere amonia nwekwara ike jiri nwayọọ hichaa ihe site scratches na roughness. Na nke a na Ọdịdị ọ bụ ike nweta ihe mbụ luster. The-echebe oyi akwa ga-ewepu oxidations anya ruo ogologo oge.