Electric ugbu a na Semiconductors

Electric ugbu a na Semiconductors - na-eduzi ije nke oghere ma electrons, nke na-emetụta ndị electric ubi.

Dị ka a n'ihi nke nwere, ọ chọpụtara na eletrik na Semiconductors na e jikọtaghị ya nyefe nke okwu - na ha adịghị etinye ihe ọ bụla chemical mgbanwe. N'ihi ya, ndị na-ebu, electrons ike-atụle Semiconductors.

The ike nke ihe onwunwe na-etolite na ọ bụ ihe eletrik nwere ike kpebisie ike site kpọmkwem conductivity. Site na nke a na-egosi na-eduzi ogide onye n'etiti ọnọdụ n'etiti eduzi na insulators. Semiconductors - a bụ dị iche iche nke minerals, ụfọdụ ọla, metal sulfides, wdg Electric ugbu a na Semiconductors n'esite na ịta nke free electrons nke nwere ike ịkpali directionally na a umi. Atụnyere ọla na-eduzi ya, ọ nwere ike kwuru na e nwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti okpomọkụ mmetụta ha conductivity. Na-abawanye na okpomọkụ na-eduga ná a ọnụ ke ahụ conductivity nke ọla. Na Semiconductors na conduction ọnụego na-abawanye. Ọ bụrụ na a okporo ọkụ okpomọkụ na-abawanye, ukporo nke free electrons ga-abụ ihe na-abaghị uru. Nke a bụ n'ihi na onye na-abawanye na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke collisions. Otú ọ dị, Semiconductors tụnyere ọla, ọ na-n'ụzọ ụba ngosi njupụta nke free electrons. A ihe nwere na-abụghị mmetụta na conductivity: ka collisions, nta conductivity, nke ukwuu ịta, na elu ọ bụ. Na ọla, na e nweghị ndabere n'etiti okpomọkụ ma na ịta nke free electrons, ka a mgbanwe conductivity na-amụba okpomọkụ naanị mbelata ekwe omume nke ihe nyere iwu ngagharị nke free electrons. Ma ihe ndị okporo ọkụ, na ngosipụta mmetụta nke na-amụba ịta elu. N'ihi ya, okpomọkụ ịrị elu ga-adị ukwuu, nke ukwuu conductivity.

E nwere a mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ije nke-isi-ebu na a okwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka eletrik na Semiconductors. Na Semiconductors, ana ebu ji ọdịdị dị iche iche ihe, otu nke bụ oké egwu okpomọkụ na-adị ọcha nke ihe onwunwe. Ọcha Semiconductors na-ekewa n'ime extrinsic na nke.

Dị ka ihe nke aka ya na-eduzi ya, mmetụta nke adịghị na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ nwere ike ịbụ oké mkpa maka ha. Ebe ọ bụ na ìgwè ọdịiche nke Semiconductors bụ ala, na-intrinsic okporo ọkụ, mgbe okpomọkụ esịmde zuru efu, e nwere a zuru ezu ndochi nke valence electrons. Ma conduction gbalaga bụ kpam kpam free: ọ dịghị eletriki conductivity, na ya ọrụ dị ka onye na mma insulator. Mgbe okpomọkụ, e nwere a-ekwe omume na ihe kwes fluctuations nke kpọmkwem electrons nwere ike imeri ike mgbochi na-apụta na conduction gbalaga.

Thomson mmetụta

Ụkpụrụ nke thermoelectric Thomson mmetụta mgbe ihe eletrik na Semiconductors, tinyere nke e nwere okpomọkụ grajentị na ha, ma e wezụga Joule okpomọkụ ntọhapụ ma ọ bụ absorption nke n'ihu ichekwa okpomọkụ ga-eme dabere na direction na nke ugbu a ga-asọpụta.

Ezughi oke edo gbasirila kpo oku, na-enwe a homogeneous Ọdịdị na-emetụta ya Njirimara, adịru ihe na-aghọ ndị na-abụghị edo. N'ihi ya, Thomson mmetụta dị a kpọmkwem onu Peltier. The naanị ihe dị iche bụ na ndị dị iche iche na-abụghị chemical mejupụtara nke sample, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke n'echiche bụ nke a heterogeneity.