Ethylene oxide: rụpụta, were

Ethylene oxide - bụ achromatic methane cloying eme ọgbụgbọ esi ísì reminiscent urethane. Umi mkpa oxygen. Siri ike na okpomọkụ nke - 115 ^{° C,} na na okpomọkụ nke 12 ^{° C} na-ebelata na uzo ibughari ngwakọta na-enwe a pungent aftertaste. Umi bụ mfe soluble na mmiri, ethyl mmanya na ndị ọzọ bụ isi ihe. Na njikọ na oxygenic-aghọ ihe mgbawa.

ya mere eme

Ethylene oxide chọpụtara na 1859 site na French ọkà mmụta sayensị, organic mmiri ọgwụ Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. Ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ n'ime ndị na-nyochaworo ugbu compound na ya qualitative e ji mara, site atụ ọnụego okpomọkụ na nke ethylene oxide Juda. Ná mmalite, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na ethylene oxide, na physico-chemical parameters na e ji mara, nwere myirịta na organic isi. Ọ bụ a kwesịghị kere ruo 1896, mgbe ndị ọzọ na-eme nnyocha (Bredig na Usov) ahụghị na ethylene oxide abụghị electrolytic umi.

N'ihi na a ogologo oge ọ na a mara na onye na usoro nke na-adịrị ndị ethylene oxide si ethylene onwe ya. Ọ na-eji ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ma na 1931, compatriot Charles, Himik Teodor Emile Lefort, kere ọhụrụ usoro maka ọxịdashọn nke ethylene ozugbo, iji silver enzyme. Usoro a, kere mbubreyo narị afọ nke 20, na-eji na oge.

Great quadruple mmepụta nke ethylene oxide

The mbụ ọkà mmụta sayensị onye kere ethylene oxide site ọxịdashọn nke a umi iji oxygen na a silver ome osooso bụ Emile Lefort. Ọ na-e patented usoro a na 1931. A usoro maka amị ethylene oxide gbanwetụrụ ugboro ugboro enwetara dị iche iche embodiments na ulo oru mmepụta.

The mbụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emejuputa atumatu ihe ulo oru na usoro maka kpọmkwem ọxịdashọn nke ethylene, ebe 1995, bụ a ụlọ ọrụ UCC (Union Carbide Corporation). E na-eji usoro, aha ya bụ "meteor" nke e ji elu arụmọrụ, ala isi obodo ego. The ụlọ ọrụ e hiwere na 1917 site Richard Wells. Ethylene oxide na glycol osisi na-arụ ọrụ na-agha kwa ụbọchị. Nke a ụlọ ọrụ zụtara patent, nke n'oge a bụ ya nketa na okụt ya ngwa naanị na ụlọ ọrụ nke ya kwa, na bi karịa 25% nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ike.

The abụọ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji a yiri usoro, ma na ibu mgbasa na ụwa n'ihi ụdị usoro ikikere, bụ Scientific Design Company, Inc. Ebe ọ bụ na 1983, ọ nwere ihe karịrị 95 oru ngo, banyere 27% nke ụwa ike na 80% niile ikikere mmepụta nke ethylene oxide. Ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ na 1946.

The atọ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji usoro a bụ Shell International Chemicals BV enyemaka nke Royal Dutch Shell ụlọ ọrụ, tọrọ ntọala na 1907. The usoro a enterprise bụ dị iche iche site na ndị ọzọ Nsukka, oké choro maka mmepụta nke ethylene oxide na ogologo ndụ nke desiccant (ihe karịrị afọ 3). The ụlọ ọrụ na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị 45% nke ụwa ike na-emepụta.

The anọ na-emeputa - Japanese ụlọ ọrụ Japan Catalytic Chemical Co. Ọ na-eji a ikike usoro yiri usoro Scientific Design, ihe ike nzukọ a otu mgbagwoju, na ijikọta na mmepụta nke ethylene oxide na ethylene glycols. Japanese ụlọ ọrụ tọrọ ntọala ke 1951.

Ethylene oxide - kasị na okwu nke mmepụta nke organic ngwaahịa ke uwa chemical ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ usụhọde ụfọdụ bekee, dị ka ethylene, propylene, ethanol, methanol, benzene, vinyl chloride, styrene, toluene, t. D. The mmepụta nke ethylene oxide niile na-anọgide abụọ naanị mkpa nke polyethylene na bụ naanị 14%. Nke a na mmewere na-eji maka mmepụta nke polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide copolymers na polypropylene oxide, elu-arụ ọrụ bekee pịnye mmanụ demulsifiers fumigants.

Transport nke bekee

Usoro e ji ebu ihe na-adị site na containers, karama na tankị. Ethylene oxide na-echekwara na tankị ruo puku atọ. ^M3 na okpomọkụ nke 15-20 degrees Celsius, n'okpuru nrụgide nke 7-19 kgf / cm ^2. Ethylene oxide bụ a na-egbu egbu umi nke nwere iwe, intoxicants na ezi na-egbu egbu Njirimara. Na ala nke na-gas penetrates site na uwe na akpụkpọ ụkwụ, na-eme a nkọ anabata omume, na na kọntaktị na anya mucosa - Burns.

Ịrịba ama nke nsi na ethylene

Ethylene na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na mmepụta nke dị iche iche ngwá ọrụ maka ịma mma, ahụ ike na ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ na-kwukwara, sị:

• varnishes;
• agba;
• solvents;
• antifirizi;
• ncha na detergents;
• ntecha na-esi ísì ụtọ;
• ọgwụ nje, na ndị ọzọ.

Ethylene oxide nwoke ịga ụlọ ọgwụ a na-eji mmadụ maka disinfection nke gas ụdị. Anyị na-eche nke a na-egbu egbu umi na a kwa ụbọchị. Ọtụtụ mgbe ime Pee metụtara na nsi nke ethylene oxide. Tụlee ihe ịrịba ama nke nsi na ọgwụgwọ ụzọ.

Igbu egbu ethylene oxide

Mgbaàmà nke nnukwu igbu egbu bụ:

• isi ọwụwa ma ọ bụ dizziness;
• ụtọ uto na onu;
• ọgbụgbọ na vomiting;
• nācha ọbara-ọbara nke ihu;
• general adịghị ike;
• oge ufodu obi otiti;
• mkpọnwụ nke ọdịdị ihu akwara;
• na-adịghị ike mmeghachi omume nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ka ìhè;
• ụfụ;
• imeju nditat na-emeghasịkwa nke ya ọrụ.

colossal nsi

-Adịghị ala ala na nsi bụ a dị otú ahụ ihe mgbaàmà:

• mgbe nile ahịa mkpesa nke a isi ọwụwa;
• nkwonkwo mgbu;
• nsogbu na eriri afọ tract;
• tremor mkpịsị aka a gbatịrị agbatị aka na-atụ;
• sweating na glaciation aka na ụkwụ;
• ibelata na uche, wdg

Mgbe na kọntaktị na akpụkpọ elu na-akpata a dermatitis na ọnyá na-esonyere fever na elu ọbara leukocytes.

The mbụ enyemaka ka aja. ọgwụgwọ

Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa bụ akpachapụghị anya iji nweta onwe m anya pụtara na ndabere nke ethylene, ga-akpachara anya na ruo ogologo oge na-asa anya na mmiri dị ọcha, mgbe ahụ, hụ dọkịta.

Mgbe na kọntaktị na akpụkpọ ya ngwa ngwa dị mkpa ọcha n'elu na a owu swab tinye ke mmanya. Mgbe, itucha otụk ebe na ncha na mmiri ma na-emeso na lanolin.

Na ọzọ n'oké ikpe nsi ọrịa kwesịrị:

• ọhụrụ ikuku;
• udo na okpomọkụ;
• oxygen inhalation;
• Vitamin B1, B6, B12, na calcium;
• ọgaranya alkaline mmiri;
• dropper dabeere na glucose na ascorbic acid;
• caffeine na kordiamin.

Nwoke ịga ụlọ ọgwụ iji ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide bụ nnọọ ewu ewu dị ka a sterilizing n'ụlọnga. The oge mbụ ethylene oxide gas dị ka a disinfectant malitere iji na forties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. N'ihi na eziokwu na umi bụ na gas-dị ka ụdị, ọ dị mma n'ime mkpo nke ọgwụ ngwá ma na-egbu microorganisms. Nke a na usoro e ji mee ihe maka ọtụtụ ndị ogbenye, bụ ndị na-echebara okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na toxicity. Ebe ọ bụ na ethylene oxide na-ezo aka-egbu egbu, haruru, nwoke ịga ụlọ ọgwụ a rụrụ na-akàrà-ulo.

Nke a na usoro nke disinfection na-ewere na mma niile mara ụzọ. Nhazi ngwaọrụ usoro a mejupụtara atọ nzọụkwụ:

1. First ngwaọrụ wepụchara na ikuku, na-agbanwe okpomọkụ ma na iru mmiri.
2. Ngwugwu jupụtara ethylene oxide gas na-echere ruo oge ụfọdụ ọgwụ ngwá e igba ogwu.
3. Wepụta degassing wepụ si nkwakọ anọgide nke corrosive gas.

Hydration nke ethylene oxide

ethylene oxide okụt iji tumadi na-ewu dị iche iche ethylene glycols. Hydration nke ethylene oxide na mmiri mmiri obodo a rụrụ ma na ọnụnọ nke acid akpali na okpomọkụ nke 50-100 degrees + ma ọ bụ nrụgide na-enweghị ihe ome osooso na okpomọkụ ^nke 200 C. Ọtụtụ mgbe, iji nke abụọ usoro site n'itinye nsogbu, dị ka ụfọdụ arọ asịd ekemende ọcha nwetara umi, na ọ dị mkpa itinye ndị ọzọ ụzọ nke ihicha.

Mgbe hydration nke ethylene glycol bụ - mfe diatomic mmanya. The anọgidesi yiri butter. Ethylene glycol bụ odorless, colorless, nwere a ụtọ uto. Bụ a na-egbu egbu àkù nke na-eji na detergents. Ụfọdụ n'ime nanị ndị na-agbalị iji ya dị ka a dochie anya na-aba n'anya, nke na-eduga n'ọnwụ.

E wezụga eziokwu na ethylene glycol a na-eji enye detergents, dị ka ọ na-abanyekwa ihe owuwu ma na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa:

• antistatic mmadụ;
• polishes;
• pụtara si icing;
• na-agbakwunyere na obi jụrụ usoro nke na kọmputa na ụgbọala;
• na a obere ego na-eji na creams maka akpụkpọ ụkwụ;
• na-eji ya eme explosives.

Mmetụta nke ethylene glycol na ozu

Ethylene glycol a na-eji ke nhazi ogige ma ọ bụ ụlọ na a nnukwu ebe, dị ka a N'ihi nke ngwa n'aka zubere maka ịsa, inhalation nke vapors emee. Site akpachapụghị ojiji nke umi nwere ike nweta n'ime ọnụ gị, ma nke a bụ ezughị maka nsi. Greater likelihood nke nsi nyere ndi anya ọrụ mgbe obibi bekee nwere ethylene glycol. Nke a na udi na-agụnye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-arụ ọrụ nke chemical osisi.

Mgbaàmà nke nsi

1. The mbụ oge dịruru 12 awa na e gosiri a nta igbu egbu mmadụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ na-egosipụta isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, intermittent vomiting, nwayọọ adịghị ike. ìhè sweet flavor nwere ike ịbịa n'oge a si a nwoke. Edi ke ofụri ofụri, nkịtị steeti ahụ ike.
2. Awa iri na abụọ nke e chepụtara echepụta ọdịmma na e nwere nke ije na ohere nke gị onwe gị ahụ, isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, na a mebiri nke sodium-calcium mgbanwe, vomiting. Afo na lumbar uru amalite sharply ịma.
3. A obere ka e mesịrị onwe ha na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke CNS mmebi: ọnwụ nke nsụhọ, fever, cramps.
4. gbasara akụrụ odida na-amalite n'ụbọchị nke ise, akpa ume edema, gbasara obi ọrụ tiwara belata ọbara mgbali.
5. Anwụọ n'ime otu izu ruru ka obi ọdịda, akpa ume edema, na nsogbu na akụrụ na imeju.

Easy nsi na-egosi mgbe inhaling uzu oku, na e ji dizziness, ọgbụgbọ na adịghị ike. Iji zọpụta ndị na aja, ị ga-aga n'ụlọ ọgwụ tupu ha ekubie ume 12 awa mgbe nsi.