Genres sentimentalism. Akụkụ nke sentimentalism na akwụkwọ

Genres sentimentalism, na iche na ndị oge gboo-style, a na-akpọ onye na-agụ ihe ọmụma nke mmadụ nkịtị mmetụta, na eke na ụdị esịtidem ala, ka jikota okike. Ma ọ bụrụ na classicism fee naanị ihe mere, na-adị na na ọ dịghị mma, usoro (dị ka ozizi uri Boileau), onye na-ese-sentimentalist bụ free n'echiche nke ya okwu, na ụgbọ elu nke pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche. A mụrụ mkpesa megide kpatara nkụ pụta ụwa na Enlightenment, niile Genres nke sentimentalism adịghị ihe ha nwetara site na omenala, na na omimi nke mkpụrụ obi wepụ si ya ala.

Background nke sentimentalism

Absolutist feudal ọchịchị dara miri emi nsogbu. Na ebe nke na-elekọta mmadụ ụkpụrụ abịa ụkpụrụ, nchọ na mmadu, na vsesoslovnoy. Sentimentalism - na definition na akwụkwọ nke mmetụta ndị widest strata nke ọha mmadụ na a dị ike mgbochi-feudal ịnụ ọkụ n'obi.

The atọ ala na ụlọ, akụ na ụba viability, ma mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị-esighị ike, na-alụsosi megide oké ozu na ndị ụkọchukwu. Ọ nọ n'ebe ahu, na klas nke atọ, na a mụrụ ama: "Liberty, ịha nhata, fraternity" - nke ghọrọ slogan nke niile revolutions. Social omenala nke otu choro democratization.

Rationalist worldview gụrụ postulate na n'ọkwá nke echiche, n'ihi ya ideological nsogbu. Zuru oke onyeeze dị ka otu ụdị nke ala Ọdịdị dabara ire ere. Echiche nke onyeeze emegide echiche nke oke mmụta edidem - nakwa n'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta na ọ dịghị onye ọ bụ nke ọzọ ke izute ezigbo mkpa nke ọha mmadụ.

mmeri omenala

Ekwe omume nke bourgeoisie site nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 18 amụbawo nke ukwuu nke na ọ malitere na-agwa okwu ndị ọzọ nile na klas, karịsịa site na omenala. N'ịbụ a supporter nke echiche nke na-enwe ọganihu, ọ na-ekesa ha akwụkwọ na art.

Ọzọkwa, ọ na-arụ site ha na-anọchite anya nke gburugburu ebe obibi ha: Rousseau - ezinụlọ watchmaker, Voltaire - notari Diderot - ọrụ aka ... Banyere nka na-echeta na e nweghị uche, n'ihi na ha na-kpam kpam-atọ ala na ụlọ, nanị na nanị.

Mgbe nile ndi nke ọha mmadụ nke narị afọ nke 18 onye kwuo uche mmetụta na-eto site na mmali na bụkwa mkpụrụ, ọ bụghị nanị na nke atọ Estate. Ndị a echiche na choro na mbubreyo Enlightenment ọzọ dike, pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ na ọhụrụ sensations. Otú ọ dị Genres nke sentimentalism na akwụkwọ newcomers abụghị. Elegiac uri, epistolary genre, memoirs - niile ogologo mara iche-iche jupụtara ọhụrụ ọdịnaya.

Isi atụmatụ sentimentalism na akwụkwọ

Dị ka onye ọzọ na ụkpụrụ nke Enlightenment Rationalist nkà ihe ọmụma kwagaa ụzọ ọzọ nghọta nke ụwa: letuo, na n'obi, ya bụ, na-ezo na udi nke sensations na mmetụta. Literature - bụ n'ọhịa ka mụbara niile Genres nke sentimentalism.

Sentimentalists kweere na mmadụ site na agwa bụ na-ọbịa na uche na aririo, ya bụ nso eke gburugburu ebe obibi, nke bụ na ọzụzụ uche ziri ezi na-enye udo nke uche. Omume ọma ga-eke, ha dere, na na na a elu ogo uche nke mmadụ pụrụ ezi obi ụtọ. Isi Genres nke sentimentalism na akwụkwọ, ya mere na ọ họọrọ na ndabere nke na-akpachi anya: atụrụ, idyllic, njem, onye diaries ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ ozi.

Ịdabere na eke mmalite (An Education) na-anọ na eke na gburugburu ebe obibi - na ọdịdị - a bụ ogidi abụọ na nke dabeere niile Genres nke sentimentalism.

Nka na ụzụ na -elekọta mmadụ na-enwe ọganihu, na steeti, otu, akụkọ ihe mere eme, akwụkwọ - na okwu ndị a na akara na sentimentalism ukwuu n'ime mkparị. Ọganihu dị ka-atọ ntọala nke na Enlightenment e wuru ọkà mmụta sayensị na ede akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, bụ sochton-enweghị isi na-emebi ihe, na ihe nile ngosipụta nke mepere - ọdachi ndi mmadu. The òtù nzuzo awa a kacha nta nke onwe ime obodo ndụ, nakwa dị ka a kacha - a ndụ nke oge ochie, na anụ dị ka o kwere.

Ihe kwesịrị ncheta akụkọ nke ikpeazụ Genres nke sentimentalism, ọ bụghị ọnụ. Daily, mfe amụta jupụtara ha. Kama na-egbuke egbuke mmetụta uche, agha omume ọjọọ na ido nke sentimentalism na akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 18 gosiri ịdị ọcha nke mmetụta uche na richness nke dị n'ime ụwa nke onye nkịtị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na nwa afọ nke atọ ala na ụlọ, na mbido nke ugboro na ma bụ ala. Sentimentalism, na definition na akwụkwọ nke onye kwuo uche pathos, kpamkpam ọdọhọde akpa ókè amanye site mmepeanya.

N'ime ụwa nke mmadụ: ọzọ echiche

N'imechi Age of Enlightenment, a ọhụrụ na-emekarị na-maa agaghị anya site izi ụkpụrụ. Otú ọ dị, sentimentalism na Classicism na akwụkwọ mfe ghọtara: si classicists dere ambiguous agwa, na agwa - na predominance nke ọ bụla onye na atụmatụ ndị obligatory omume nwale.

Sentimentalists gosikwara dike dị ka onye na-adịghị agwụ agwụ eneni. O nwere ike ikpokọta na ọgụgụ isi na arụrụala, n'ihi na site na mụrụ ya pụta ụwa ọma na ihe ọjọọ. Na ọdịdị - a ezi mmalite, mmepeanya - ọjọọ. Monosyllabic ntule mgbe ọ dabara ihe dike sentimental ọrụ. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ na villain, ma nikogoda zuru, n'ihi na ọ mgbe niile nwere ohere na-aṅa ntị na ọdịdị na-alaghachi n'ụzọ nke ịdị mma.

Ebe a didacticism, na mgbe ụfọdụ na-abụchaghị eziokwu, na sentimentalism ejikọrọ tightly nke oge nke ya ìgwè.

The òtù nzuzo nke mmetụta na subjectivity

Isi Genres nke sentimentalism bụ ukwuu yiri ka isiokwu, n'ụzọ dị otú a na ha na-enwe ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu karị-egosi na ije nke mmadụ obi. Nke a bụ a akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ozi, bụ ihe Elegy, diaries, memoirs na niile na-enye gị ohere ikwu okwu na onye mbụ.

Na-ede na-adịghị kwụsịtụrụ si ihe na ya na-anọchi anya, na ya echiche - kasị dị mkpa na akụkọ. Ọdịdị bụ na-ọzọ free edemede n'ụkpụrụ iwu na-egbochighị pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche, ndị mejupụtara bụ aka ike, na ihe ọ bụla ọnụ ọgụgụ nke in-a me digressions.

A mụrụ na nke abụọ afọ iri na n'ikperé England, isi Genres nke sentimentalism na nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ nwere blossomed gafee Europe. N'ụzọ kasị doo anya na - na England, France, Germany na Russia.

England

The lyrics nke mbụ kwetara na ha akara atụmatụ sentimentalism na akwụkwọ. Egbuke nnọchiteanya: a na-eso ụzọ nke oge gboo theorist Nikola Bualo - Dzheyms Tomson, bụ onye nọworo ya English uwa Elegy, full of enweghị nchekwube; nchoputa nke "na-eli ozu" nke poetics Edward Jung; akwado isiokwu Scot Robert Blair si abụ "Shiol" na Thomas Gray na Elegy dere obodo na-eli ozu. All ndị a dere bụ isi echiche nke ịha nhata nke ndị mmadụ tupu ọ nwụọ.

Mgbe ahụ - na mma - atụmatụ sentimentalism pụtara na e ji amụ genre akwụkwọ. Samuel Richardson ozugbo mebiri na omenala nke njem, njem na picaresque akwụkwọ, na-ede akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ozi. "Nna," nduzi nke Lourens Stern malitere mgbe ha na-ede akwụkwọ "A sentimental Journey Site France na Italy, Mr. Yorick" nke nyere aha na direction. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke oké egwu English sentimentalism-atụle ga-arụ ọrụ nke Oliver Goldsmith.

France

The kasị kpochapụwo ụdị sentimentalism a hụrụ ke akpa atọ nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ na France. De Marivaux bụ na mmalite nke a prose, na-akọwa na ndụ nke Marianne na oru ugbo, nke e wepụtara na ndị mmadụ. The Abbe Prevost mma na palette nke mmetụta kọwara na e ji amụ - a ahuhu nke dugara ọdachi.

Njedebe nke sentimentalism na France - Jean-Zhak Russo na ya epistolary akwụkwọ ọgụgụ. Nature na ọrụ ya bụ bara uru na ya onwe ya, eke owo. Nchụàjà "Nkwupụta" - Mkpughe autobiography n'ụwa akwụkwọ.

De Saint-Pierre, a na-amụrụ nke Rousseau, nọgidere ihe nkwado nke eziokwu, nke na-ekwusa na ndị isi Genres nke sentimentalism: obi ụtọ nke onye na-kwekọrọ ọdịdị na omume ọma. Ọ na-atụ anya okooko nke "osisi" na romanticism, e sere a okpomọkụ n'ala dị anya n'oké osimiri.

Ọzọkwa, na-adịghị-ọnọdụ na-eso ụzọ Rousseau na ZH.-S. Mercier, ịkwa nchụàjà "The obi tara mmiri" oge ochie (ezigbo) na civilizational iche nke ịdị adị. Mkpụrụ nke mmepeanya Mercier kọwara dị ka a publicist na "foto nke Paris."

Writer-kụziiri de la Breton (abụọ na narị abụọ na-arụ ọrụ mpịakọta!) Otu n'ime ndị kasị eguzosi ike n'ihe na-eso ụzọ Rousseau. O dere, sị banyere otú na-ebibi obodo mepere emepe na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme n'ime a mpụ, omume ma dị ọcha nwa okorobịa, na-atụle echiche nke pedagogy na okwu nke ụmụ nwanyị mmụta na-ekpe.

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke revolutions atụmatụ sentimentalism na akwụkwọ ndammana okụrede. Genres sentimentalism na akwụkwọ mma site ọhụrụ adị n'ezie.

Germany

A ọhụrụ anya na akwụkwọ na Germany na-enwe mmetụta G.-E. Lessing. Ọ niile malitere na eneni Zurich University professors Bodmer na Johann Jakob Breitinger na-agụsi supporter nke classicism - German Gottsched. The Swiss agha maka uri pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche, ma German ikenyịmeke.

F.-G. Klopstock emeela ka ọnọdụ nke sentimentalism eji akụkọ ifo Medieval Germany omenala mfe nwere njikọ chiri anya na mmetụta nke German obi. Ma heyday nke German sentimentalism bịara naanị na seventies nke narị afọ nke 18 na njikọ na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke mba njirimara Literature sonyere na ije "Sturm und Drang".

Na nke a na-emekarị na JW ya-eto eto Goethe. "The újú nke Young Werther," Goethe wụsara n'ógbè German akwụkwọ na pan-European. Doro anya mmetụta nke "Sturm und Drang" na ejije na I.-F. Schiller.

Russia

Russian sentimentalism meghere Nikolaem Mihaylovichem Karamzinym - "Ozi a Russian Ebiet", "Ogbenye Liza" - na masterpieces nke sentimental prose. Uche, melancholy, ọchịchọ igbu onwe - isi atụmatụ sentimentalism na akwụkwọ - na Karamzin jikọtara na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na innovations. Ọ ghọrọ onye nchoputa nke a ìgwè nke Russian dere, onye lụrụ ọgụ megide kenchara grandiloquent nkeji okwu na a ọhụrụ uri asụsụ. Iji otu a nke II Dmitriev, VA Zhukovsky na ndị ọzọ.