Gịnị bụ ihe nke Narị Afọ War (1337-1453)? Narị Afọ War: na nkebi na mmetụta

Olee ihe pụrụ ịdị njọ karịa agha, mgbe ahụ ọdịmma nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ike nke ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ na-anwụ akụ. Na ihe jogburu protracted agha agha, n'oge nke ndị mmadụ na-amụta na-ebi ndụ na gburugburu ebe ebe ọnwụ nwere ike rue ha aru n'oge ọ bụla, na ndụ mmadụ na o nweghị uru. Dị otú ahụ bụ na Narị Afọ War, ihe mere, nkebi, na-arụpụta na biographies nke-eme ihe nkiri nke kwesịrị nlezianya tụlee.

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Tupu na-amụ, ihe si na ya pụta nke Narị Afọ War, kwesịrị ịghọta ya ogige. Ọ malitere na eziokwu ahụ na ụmụ ndị French King Philip nke anọ hapụrụ a nwoke nketa. N'otu oge ahụ ọ dị ndụ na ụmụ afọ nwa nwa eze, nwa-nwayi Isabella - English Korol Eduard atọ, bịara ocheeze England na 1328 na afọ 16 na afọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-apụghị na-ekwu na ocheeze France, dị ka Salic Iwu. N'ihi ya, na France eze usoro ndị Valois na onye nke Philip nke isii, onye bu nwa nwanne Philip nke anọ, na Edward atọ na 1331 a manyere wetara ya isiala maka Gascony - French mpaghara, na-ewere na onye onwunwe nke British eze.

Mmalite nke mbụ ogbo agha (1337-1360)

6 afọ mgbe ihe kọwara Edward atọ kpebiri ka ọgụ ka ocheeze nna nna ya, na zitere a ịma aka Philip Nke isii. Si otú malitere na Narị Afọ War, ihe mere na ihe ndị na-akwa mmasị ka ndị na-amụ ihe ndị mere Europe. Mgbe nkwupụta agha, nke ndị British ulo oru ihe rụrụ na Picardy, na nke ha na-akwado ndị Flanders na feudal ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ ógbè nke France.

Ke akpa isua mgbe mmalite nke agha, ịlụ ọgụ wee na mgbanwe nke ọma, ruo mgbe na 1340 ọ dịghị a naval agha Sluis. N'ihi nke mmeri nke English Channel bụ n'okpuru ha, na nọgidere otú ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke agha. N'ihi ya, n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1346, ọ dịghị ihe pụrụ igbochi ndị agha Edward atọ ịgafe mkpagide ma weghara Caen. Site n'ebe ahụ, British agha sochiri Crécy, ebe on August 26, ama agha, nke biri na a mmeri, na 1347, ha wee weghara obodo ahụ na ndị Calais. Ke ukem na ihe ndị a na-mkpughe agha edinam ke Scotland. Otú ọ dị, uba wee na-amụmụ ọnụ ọchị na Edward atọ, bụ onye meriri ndị agha nke alaeze na Agha nke Neville na Cross, na ewepụwo iyi egwu nke agha na abụọ asakde iso ese.

The ọrịa nke otiti ya na ọgwụgwụ nke udo Bretigny

Na 1346-1351 afọ nke Europe gara "Black Ọnwụ." Nke a ọrịa otiti-ekwu na ndụ nke ọtụtụ, e nwere ajụjụ ọ bụla nke n'ihu nke agha ahụ. The naanị isi nke oge a, ẹkwọ ballads, ghọrọ n'obi iri atọ ahụ, mgbe English na French knights na squires haziri a uka duel, họpụtara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọrụ ugbo. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ihe-otiti England maliteghachiri ya omume ndị agha, nke na-tumadi na-eduzi Black Prince - nwa mbụ nke Edward III. Na 1356, o meriri n'agha nke Poitiers na weghaara French King John II. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 1360, ndị Dauphin nke France, onye ga-aghọ Eze Charles nke ise, bịanyere aka na-akpọ Peace na Bretigny na nnọọ ọjọọ ọnọdụ.

N'ihi ya, na-arụpụta nke Narị Afọ War ya akpa ogbo ha dị ka ndị a:

• France kpamkpam demoralized;
• England enwetara ọkara nke Brittany, Aquitaine, Poitiers, Calais, na ọ fọrọ nke nta ọkara nke ndị nọ n'okpuru onwunwe nke onye iro, ie, John II furu efu ike n'elu a atọ nke ya n'ókèala;
• Eduard atọ malitere na ya n'ihi na na nnọchite nke ụmụ ha agaghịkwa-etu ocheeze nke nna nna ya;
• nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke John II - Lyudovik Anzhuysky - e zigara London ka a njigide n'ọnọdụ nloghachi na France nke nna ya.

The udo n'etiti afọ 1360 na 1369

Mgbe cessation nke agha, ndị dị iche iche nke mba abuana ke esemokwu, nwetara a ezumike nke were 9 afọ. N'oge a, ọ gbagara si England Lyudovik Anzhuysky, na nna-ya, na-a amara dika Knight,-emezu okwu ya, wee n'ime afọ ofufo n'agha, ebe ọ nọ nwụọ. Mgbe ọnwụ ya, ọ rịgooro ocheeze France, Charles Ise, emi ke 1369 boro ebubo ụgha na British emebi udo nkwekọrịta ma maliteghachi agha arụmọrụ megide ha.

abụọ ụkwụ

Na-emekarị, ndị na-amụ nke na-enwe ọganihu na-arụpụta nke Narị Afọ 'War, e ji nkeji oge n'etiti 1369 na 1396 afọ, dị ka a usoro nke mgbe nile na-agha, nke na mgbakwunye na nke isi sonyere na-abuana ke Alaeze Castile, Portugal na Scotland. N'oge a, e nwere ndị na-esonụ dị ịrịba:

• na 1370 na Castile na-enyemaka nke ndị French wee ike, Enrique II, onye ghọrọ ha kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi mmekorita;
• afọ abụọ gasịrị, a tọhapụrụ ya na Poitiers;
• na 1372 na Agha nke La Rochelle, ndị Franco-Castilian nsoro meriri ndị jikọrọ British skwodron;
• 4 afọ nwụrụ Black Prince;
• na 1377 Edward nwụrụ nke atọ, na n'ocheeze England, Richard obere abụọ;
• site 1392 na Eze nke France ịrịba ama nke ara malitere-hụrụ;
• Afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, nkwekorita e kwubiri, mere na frazzled emegide.

Truce (1396-1415)

Mgbe ara nke King Charles nke isii ya doro anya na onye ọ bụla n'obodo malitere internecine esemokwu, na nke ndị ọzọ na ndibọhọ Armagnac. Ọnọdụ ahụ adịghị mma na England, banye a ọhụrụ agha na Scotland, nke e kwesịrị pacify ndị nnupụisi nke Ireland na Wales. Ke adianade do, e wepụ Richard II, Henry IV we buru eze n'ocheeze ahụ, na mgbe ahụ na nwa-ya. N'ihi ya, ruo 1415, mba abụọ na-enweghị ike ịnọgide na-agha na ndị na a ala nke agha truce.

The atọ na-adọ (1415-1428)

Ndị na-amụ N'ezie na ya pụta nke Narị Afọ War, ọ bụ na-emekarị ihe ndị kasị akpali omume akpọ ntoputa nke ndị dị otú ahụ a akụkọ ihe mere eme onu ka a warrior nwaanyị nwere ike aghọ isi ndị agha feudal knight. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere Joan nke Arc, onye a mụrụ na 1412, na guzobere àgwà mmetụta dị ukwuu ndị na na 1415-1428 afọ. Historical sayensị weere na oge a, nke atọ na ogbo nke Narị Afọ War, na dị ka isi ihe na-egosi ihe ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• Agha nke Agincourt na 1415, nke meriri Henry nke ise;
• aka n'ime nkwekọrịta na Troyes, dị ka nke na-ara Korol Karl VI kwuru ya nọchiri eze England;
• British kpọọ nke Paris na 1421;
• ọnwụ nke Henry nke ise, na ọkwa nke ya afọ nwa eze England na France;
• meriri mbụ Dauphin Charles, onye a ịrịba òkè nke French atụle ya kwesịrị ịbụ eze, agha nke cravant;
• English nọchibidoro Orleans, bụ nke malitere na 1428, bụ mgbe ụwa nụrụ aha Joan nke Arc.

The njedebe nke agha (1428-1453)

City of Orleans ukwuu usoro mkpa. Ọ bụrụ na ndị British jisiri weghara ya, azịza nke ajụjụ bụ "ihe ndị na-arụpụta nke Narị Afọ 'War" gaara nnọọ dị iche iche, na French pụrụ ọbụna-atụfu ya onwe. Ọ dabara nke ọma n'ihi na mba, e kpughere na girl, na-akpọ onwe ya Jeanne Virgin. Ọ bịara na Dauphin Charles na March 1429 na mara ọkwa na Jehova nyere iwu ya na-eguzo na isi nke French agha, na-ebuli nnọchibido nke Orleans. Mgbe a na usoro nke ajụjụ ọnụ na ule Karl kwere ya na họpụtara ọchịagha nke ndị agha ya. N'ihi ya, May 8 Orleans a napụtara, June 18, ndị agha wee merie ndị agha Joan na English na Agha nke Pathé, na June 29 na isi ọnwụ nke na-amaghị nwoke nke Orleans malitere "n'ejighị ọbara mkpọsa" dauphin ka Reims. E, ọ na-anyanya dị Charles na Seventh Ma, obere oge ka nke ahụ gasịrị kwụsịrị ege ntị na ndụmọdụ nke warrior.

Ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị, Jeanne weghaara na Burgundians, onye gafere English girl, na ndị nke ya gburu na ebubo nke heresy na ikpere arụsị. Otú ọ dị, na-arụpụta nke Narị Afọ 'War kemgbe a foregone ọgwụgwụ, na ọbụna ọnwụ nke na-amaghị nwoke nke Orleans apụghị igbochi ntọhapụ nke France. Ikpeazụ agha a agha ahụ agha Castillon ke 1453, mgbe British efu Gascony bụ nke ha ihe karịrị 250 afọ.

The results nke Narị Afọ 'War (1337-1453)

Dị ka a n'ihi nke protracted agha mezhdinasticheskogo England furu efu-ya nile continental n'ókèala na France, na-ahapụ nanị mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Calais. Ke adianade do, omume a ajụjụ banyere ihe pụta nke Narị Afọ 'War, na ubi nke agha akụkọ ihe mere eme ndị ọkachamara zaa ya N'ihi ya, gbanwere ụzọ agha, nakwa dị ka ọhụrụ na ngwá agha na e kere.

Ndị na-esi nke Narị Afọ 'War

Echiche nke agha kpebisiri mmekọrịta nke Britain na France na narị afọ n'ihu. Karịsịa, ruo 1801 na British na mgbe ahụ eze ahụ na nwunye nke Great Britain mụụrụ aha eze nke France, nke ọ dịghị ụzọ mee ka oruru nke enyi na enyi.

Ugbu a ị mara mgbe bụ Narị Afọ War, ihe mere, N'ezie, na-esi n'obi protagonists onye ọ fọrọ nke nta 6 ọtụtụ narị afọ bụ isiokwu nke ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.