HPP - a ... Shushenskaya HPP

HPP - a owuwu wuru na osimiri n'ihi nzube nke ike akakabarede ya n'ime ọkụ ugbu a. Otu n'ime ndị isi na owuwu nke hydroelectric ike osisi ọtụtụ mgbe bụ a dam na nkanka ọwa.

Olee otú HPP

Hydroelectric ike ụgbọ - ọ bụ mgbe niile mkpa maka aku na uba nke ala ihe, ihe ndị ọzọ, bụkwa ihe nnọchianya nke ulo oru na-enwe ọganihu. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nnukwu, dị nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị dịtụ mfe na-arụ ọrụ kwuru.

Ná mmalite, ndị mmiri na-ọnọ na hydro tobaim pupụtara n'ịnyịnya na engine ụlọ. ikpeazụ rotational ume na-agafere na generators. Eme ọkụ eletrik na-ọnọ na usoro ike edoghi na mpaghara.

Ndabere nke ọ bụla e ji mara nke HPP bụ, n'ezie, ike ya. Nke a na-akpata, n'aka nke ya, na-adabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-agagharị site na mmiri tobaim na ya nsogbu. The ọzọ nke ikpeazụ ọgụgụ, na elu na-dam ojii.

osisi dị iche iche

N'ihi ya, HPP - a ịrịba ọnụ ọgụgụ owuwu a na-ewu na osimiri. Ugbu a na ụwa, e nwere nanị abụọ isi ụdị nke hydroelectric ike osisi:

• dams;

• ntoonu.

Na nke ikpeazụ ahụ, n'ịwa ọkụ eletrik na-eji mmiri mgbali na alaka duct ma ọ bụ ọwara. Wuru ntoonu HPP abụkarị n'elu ugwu adịghị kwa obosara osimiri na ike okwukwo.

Ihe mbụ HPP ewu

Na mgbakwunye na mmiri e gbochiri egbochi, ndị na-ewu hydroelectric ike osisi na-ewu, na ndị dị otú ahụ owuwu ndị dị ka:

• powerhouse;
• gateways;
• sudopriemniki na azụ n'ọkwá;
• mmiri orùrù ngwaọrụ ahụ;
• dispenser.

The ụlọ na-emi odude HPP igwe ulo na turbines na generators.

Gịnị bụ derivational ojii

Nke a hydropower osisi - nke a bụ a pụrụ iche ihe na-mgbe na-guzobere na akara na a nkpoda mkpọda. The mmiri na ndị a osimiri eru n'okpuru a ike mgbali na a eke ụzọ, otú itinye na mmiri e gbochiri egbochi na nke a adịghị mkpa. Flow dị otú ahụ HPS dara kpọmkwem n'ime isi ụlọ na turbines. Esite na-emekarị kere, ma ndị ebe ọtụtụ mgbe dị nnọọ obere. Dị Mkpa ọdọ na hydroelectric ike osisi nke ụdị nanị maka ukpụhọde eruba.

Gịnị HPS nọ Russia?

Hydroelectric ike osisi wuru na Russia, n'ezie, a otutu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a ebe ọ bụ na Soviet ugboro. The nnọọ mbụ hydropower osisi wuru na ókèala nke mba anyị, ghọrọ Zyryanskaya. Wuru a eweta na Tsarist Russia na 1892. Ọ bụ obere ojii na-enye ọkụ eletrik a local coal m drainage m.

N'oge Soviet oge ndị ọchịchị malitere a zuru ụwa ọnụ plan GOERLO adịru 10-15 afọ, mba ahụ nọ na-azọrọ na e na-ewu a hydroelectric ike ojii na a ngụkọta ikike ka 21.254 puku. L / s. Ka ụbọchị, kasị dị ịrịba ama hydroelectric ike osisi na Russian Federation na-:

• Sayano-Shushenskaya (Sayanogorsk) na ike nke 6.4 Gv;
• Krasnoyarskaya (Divnogorsk) - 6 Gv;
• Bratskaya (Bratsk) - 4,52 Gv;
• Ust-Ilminsky - 3,84 Gv;
• Boguchinskaya (Kodinsk) - 3 Gv;
• Zhigulevskaya - 2.4 TS;
• Bureyskaya - 2,01 Gv;
• Cheboksarskaya (Novocheboksarsk) - 1.4 Gv;
• Saratov (Balakovo) - 1,38 Gv;
• Zeyskaya (Zea) - 1,33 Gv;

Ọzọkwa, a zuru ezu nnukwu ihe bụ Nizhnekamskaya HPP (Naberezhnye Chelny). The ike nke ebe bụ 1.25 TS. Nwe bụ JSC "Ọgbọ Company" na "Tatenergo". Wuru ojii na Kama River.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: History

Ọ bụ nke a hydroelectric ike ojii, nke bụ akụkụ nke Yenisei cascade, bụ kasị nnọọ ukwuu na mba. Kwa afọ ọ na-arụpụta na nkezi nke banyere 23,5 ijeri kWh / h nke na ọkụ eletrik. The mkpebi e mere site na Government nke USSR na-ewu nke Sayano-Shushenskaya ike ojii na 1961. Na-arụ ọrụ na ya na-ewu malitere na 1968. Na 1978, ndị Sayano-Shushenskaya dam jupụtara. Eze, na-ewu nke ebe e dechara naanị na 2000.

Construction nke hydroelectric ike ojii so, dị mwute ikwu, gụnyere ụdị nsogbu. N'oge na-ewu ahụ ọtụtụ ugboro ebibi spillway, na mmiri e gbochiri egbochi kpụrụ cracks. Mee elu mee ala, Otú ọ dị, ikpe ikpe site akụkọ nke aga afọ, niile ndị a okwu e ọma kpebiri.

e ji mara ebe

Odude Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric ike ojii nso obodo nke Cheryomushki nso Sayanogorsk na Yenisei River. Ugbu a, ọ bụ tumadi na ụlọ a na-atọrọ ka 10 nkeji, ọ bụla ike nke 640 MW. Na-arụ ọrụ, mgbe n'ụzọ dị mwute, e nwere naanị 8 nkeji. Turbines na a ojii setịpụrụ nnọọ ike ika RO-230 / 833-0-677, na-arụ ọrụ na a gosiri isi 194 mita. The elu nke HPP dam bụ 245 m. The ebe kpụrụ ewu nke esite ebe bụ 621 km ^2.

N'oge na-ewu nke ike osisi a idei mmiri, a ngụkọta nke 35.600 hectare ala oru ubi. N'otu oge ahụ ọ ga-yigharịrị ka 2717 dị iche iche iche iche nke ụlọ. The mmiri na-esite HPP atụmatụ a ezi mma, otú na ala nke ole na ole sochirinụ ugbo ọkachamara na mmepụta nke trout hazie. Esite na-emi odude Sayano-Shushenskaya ojii n'out oge na atọ na mpaghara: Khakassia, Tuva na Krasnoyarsk Territory. On ya anoghi n'ulo oba, ihe ndị ọzọ, na-eme na Sayano-Shushenskaya Biosphere Reserve.

The mberede na Shushenskaya HPP 2009

Ná mmalite iri-na-narị afọ mbụ na Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric ike ebe enwere a dị nnọọ oké njọ na mberede, nke gburu mmadụ 75. August 17, 2009 na tobaim ulo nke isi ụlọ dị ka a n'ihi nke mmebi nke haịdrọlik unit nke abụọ e nwere otu nnukwu ntọhapụ nke mmiri si tobaim. Ịwụnye stream mebiri agba ogidi nke ụlọ na mebiri emebi ngwa arụnyere na ya. Dị ka a n'ihi nke mmiri ingress na ụfọdụ hydroelectric generators bụ n'usoro, na ndị ọzọ na, na ihe nile e bibiri. All na nkà na ụzụ na usoro dị n'okpuru 327, e nwere idei mmiri.

Eliminates mmetụta nke mberede ibido magbuo ọdụ ọrụ. Na e mesịrị aka ngo. Ná mmechi nke haịdrọlik akpọchi ọkachamara were banyere 9 awa na 20 nkeji. Water inflow na engine ụlọ ahụ kwụsịrị. Ke ofụri ofụri, na-arụ ọrụ iji kpochapụ ndị na-esi ihe mberede e gara site 2,7 puku. Ndị mmadụ na n'elu 200 iberibe ngwá. Iji gbochie mmiri si abanye ulo nwere na-ewu a-ekwu ọtụtụ ewu, ngụkọta ogologo-ya 9683 mita.