Janos Kadar. Biography Hungarian ọchịchị

Janos Kadar (afọ nke ndụ - 1912-1989) - ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ambiguous. The Russian akwụkwọ a na-akpọ a oké statesman na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, bụ n'okpuru ịchịisi nke Hungary ruru ọganihu akụ na ụba. Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ewere ya dị ka a Stalinist, bịara ike na bayonets nke Soviet agha, ndị protege nke Kremlin na nhazi nke na-egbu Imre Nadya, ndị wepụ praịm minista. N'ihi ya, onye n'ezie e Kadar, e ọdịda nke Order "dike nke Soviet Union"? N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-agbalị ịghọta ya mgbagwoju anya biography.

nwata

Janos Kadar mụrụ May 26, 1912. Ọ bụ ya bụ iwu na-akwadoghị nwa a nwaanyị Barboly Chemranek si agha Janos Krezingera. Ebe ọ bụ na a mụrụ ya nke dị n'ókèala Austria na Hungarian Alaeze Ukwu, na obodo nke Fiume (taa Rijeka na Croatia), na ndekọ dere ya n'okpuru aha nke Dzhovanni Dzhuzeppe Chemranek. Mgbe nwata dị afọ isii, nne ya kwagara Budapest. Na mba akwụkwọ praịmarị o gosiri pụrụ iche. Ka ndị kasị mma na-amụrụ e zigara ya free akwụkwọ elu obodo akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ego na ezinụlọ ike. Janos Chemranek iri na anọ na tụbara mmụta na goro ọrụ na ígwè obibi akwụkwọ. Dị ka ndị a nwere ike ụda iche, ma Communist Party wetara ya ... cheesi. Young Janos bụ nnọọ ụtọ nke a egwuregwu. Otu ụbọchị, ọ nọ na-emeri a cheesi ndorondoro. Dị ka a na-agbata n'ọsọ, e nyere n'akwụkwọ nke Engels 'Anti-Duhring'. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ, na okwu nke Chemraneka gbanwere obi ya.

Communication na Marxism

Na cheesi ndorondoro Janos Kadar ndibọhọ ke 1928, mgbe ọ bụ naanị afọ iri na isii. Ọ Na-akpọtụ a oké njọ na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ nsogbu ụwa aku na uba. Nke mbụ na-eche na-arịa ọrịa nke na-arụ ọrụ na ụgwọ ọrụ ma na ibi ndụ. Young ụgbọ ígwè obibi akwụkwọ nyere aka ịhazi a n'amaghi rally na iku. The ọchịchị brutally ewute a ngosipụta nke ndị ọrụ, na ọtụtụ comrades Chemraneka e jidere. Na 1930, ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ ụlọ e mechiri n'ihi na nsogbu. Ebe ọ bụ na-enweghị ọrụ Chemranek, jupụtara ọbụna ihe na-emegide ndị klas nke exploiters, zutere ọdịiche mgbe Communist Party nke Hungary. Na 1931 ọ ghọrọ onye Komsomol cell ha. Sverdlov, were nzuzo aha otutu Barna (Brown). Ugbua na May 1933, ọ ghọrọ otu nke Kọmitii nke nwata nku nke Communist Party na Budapest. The Soviet Union, nke a na-eji mmesapụ aka kwụrụ ụgwọ site nzukọ, kpọrọ ya na-amụ na Mahadum nke Moscow, ma nwa okorobịa Komsomol jụrụ.

World War II

Janos Kadar, onye biography bụ site ugbu a anya nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, dị ka a ezi Stalinist nwere ihe ọ bụla megide Soviet Union na Nazi Germany. N'oge ahụ enye ama gbanwere Communist Party, so na 1935 na n'ohu ahụ Social Democrats. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-mere ya ọrụ ma duru ndị cell SDPH. N'eziokwu, dum agha ahụ a iwu so na Czechoslovak "ndị na-eguzogide", ma na e nwere pụrụ iche ọrụ e aku. Afọ mgbe e mesịrị Kọmunist nduhie akwadebe ozi, na o kere ihe antifascist Hungarian Front, ma ọ dịghị ọrụ nke a na nzukọ dịghị ofu. Ná mmalite forties ọ gbanwere, na Social Democrats, ọzọ e dere na Pest Committee nke Communist Party nke Hungary. Ọzọ, a dara ụda ọrụ anya: 1942 ọ bụ onye òtù nke Central Committee, na na 1943 - Secretary nke CPV Central Kọmitii.

Ọrụ na Soviet Union

Na April 1944, Janos Kadar, e jidere Serbia maka nhapu. Ọ lanahụrụ. Na-agba ọsọ, na O were aha ọzọ - Kadar (Cooper), onye ugbu a ghọrọ aha ya. Na April 1964 na mgbe Soviet na-edu ndú ná mgbalị na-etinye ihe mmekorita "pụtara ìhè fighter megide fasizim", ọ e ọdịda aha nke dike nke Soviet Union na ọdịda nke kasị pụta ìhè na oge nke award - na Order of Lenin na nrite "Gold Star". Mgbe Hungary a tọhapụrụ site na fasizim, Kadar, n'oge ahụ na-ama NKVD gị n'ụlọnga, a họpụtara na Transitional National Assembly na a so na Political Bureau nke Central Committee nke Communist Party (CPSU). Kemgbe ahụ, ọrụ ya ngwa ngwa we rigo. Na 1946, ọ ghọrọ Deputy General Secretary nke CPSU. N'otu oge, site na 1945 ruo 1948, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke obodo kọmitii nke isi obodo. N'ikpeazụ, na August 1948, a họpụtara ya Minister esịtidem Affairs. Na nke a ọrụ, ọ malitere njide nke Laszlo Rajko, bo ya ebubo mgbochi Soviet eme. Ịghọ a nwere ịma ya aka Matthias Stalinist Rakosi, Kadar E wepụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na ọ ghọrọ onye mkpọrọ nke ogige ịta ahụhụ. Iji nnwere onwe, a tọhapụrụ ya na 1956.

Janos Kadar: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị socialist ọchịchị

Mgbe ke Hungary itiwapụ discontent na Soviet nlereanya nke òtù na-achị. otu nke ọchịchị Imre Nadya ifịk ifịk na-akwalite nkwado na ahia ịlụ, ntọhapụ nke ọchịchị mkpọrọ,-ekpochapụ nnyocha. Janos Kadar na mbụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akwado ndị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị N'ezie, na ọbụna kwuru na ya ga-akwụsị ya ahu mbụ Russian tank na obe ókè-ala nke Hungary. N'ihi ya, o ngwa ngwa mee a ọrụ, na October 30, 1956, a họpụtara ya Minister na kabinet, gawa site Nadia. Ma mbụ nke November Kadar gbapụrụ n'aka Hungary na Uzhgorod osobo na Nikitoy Hruschevym, onye na-enye ya a doro anya nke na-egosi na e guzobere ọchịchị, na-achịkwa site na Soviet Union. A izu gasịrị, ọhụrụ achị Soviet tankị laghachi Budapest.

The oge nke "goulash Kọmunist"

November 8, 1956 Kadar mara ọkwa usurpation nke ike. Nagy na ndị enyi ya gbabara nke dị n'ókèala Yugoslavia Embassy. Kadar kwere nkwa ya mbụ ọrụ ibe a zuru mgbaghara. Ma mgbe Nadia hapụrụ ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo, e jidere ya ma gbuo afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị. Otú ọ dị, Janos Kadar, a foto nke a ka na-asọpụrụ ndị okenye ọgbọ nke Hungary, bụ a ọkà ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na onodu nke na Prague Spring , ọ bụ ike afanyekwa nke ukwu ya ibe, ndị Soviet Union, na kacha uru n'ihi na mba ahụ. Cheap Soviet gas na liberalization nke aku na uba, Hungary bụ na-emeghe ka ndị njem nleta si ikeketeorie Bloc mere na mba ọzọ ma ọ bụ karị. The oge nke "goulash Kọmunist" zuru ọbụna tupu ida nke Soviet Union. Ugbua na May 1988, Kadar e wepụrụ, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, nke isii nke July, nwụrụ.