Mesikwuru ihe. Formwork ngwaọrụ, nkà na ụzụ nke na-ewu ụlọ

Concrete mmepụta taa mụtachara bụghị naanị ọkachamara, kamakwa ka onwe mmepe, na-mere dị monolithic technology ụlọ. Ndị dị otú ahụ ụlọ siri ike karịa ndị ọzọ niile na umu nke ụlọ. Na mbụ na nke a technology e wuru ụlọ ọrụ maka ulo oru eji na elu ụlọ. Taa, a Usoro bụ maara nke ọma onwe nna ukwu, na-eji ya na-ewu ụlọ nke ha na cottages. Site na iji monolithic technology, ị nwere ike na-aghọta na-echeghị na obi kara imewe echiche.

Future homeowners na-esiwanye na-achọ n'elu-ewu monolithic ụlọ, dị ka ụlọ ndị a ijuanya inogide. Ha na-enwe ike ịtachi obi ọbụna a obere ala ọma jijiji. A na-arụ ọrụ na-adịghị na-agụnye elu oru nleeta na-ewu usoro. Oké ọnụ ihe na-eji adịghị mkpa, na ime ihe nke ụlọ bụ dị iche iche anwụ ngwa ngwa na a pụrụ ịdabere. Imecha dị otú ahụ rụrụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọ bụla n'ihu ihe onwunwe, na mgbidi na-ekwe ka na-ewu ozugbo ọzọ thermal mkpuchi.

Atụmatụ mbughari formwork

Monolithic ihe nwere ike wụsara na a mbughari ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị nke mbughari formwork. The mbụ ụdị bụ ihe nkịtị na a mara. Mgbe mbụ ọnọdụ nwe ngwọta ga-mkpa Akwakasịkwala ihe na-ahapụ ihe owuwu nkụ kpamkpam.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị reusable formwork, ọ ga-ekwe omume n'ịwa a iche iche ga-eji agbapụtara ihe. Ị ga-enwe ike iru na ntọala ahụ, na-etolite kpuchie nke multi-storey ụlọ, iru siri ike mgbidi na stairwells, nakwa dị ka ike ọcha nke ime na mputa mma. Mgbidi na-mere nke mesikwuru ihe wụsara n'ime mbughari formwork, nke a na-eji maka:

• osisi n'usoro;
• ígwè Ibé akwụkwọ;
• Jikọtara mgbanwe;
• aluminum Ebu;
• plywood Ibé akwụkwọ.

Ịpụta ihe ọ na-agbasa a mkpuchi nke polyvinyl chloride, nke mmemmem ọrụ dismantling nke formwork reusable. Hardware nhọrọ na-eji ndị na-ewu nke mgbagwoju owuwu na n'ebe ndị technology nke oke-ewu. Ka ịmepụta a formwork ntọala kasị mma iji plywood, mbadamba ma ọ bụ osisi mbadamba. Ikwado nwụnye usoro nwere ike ịbụ site n'ime metal okpokolo agba, na nke na-arụnyere plank. Plywood maka mbughari formwork nwere ike na-eji ike obere ma ọ bụ mkpa ihe Ọdịdị mgbidi.

Usoro-ewu nke mbughari formwork

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ka ọ wụsa mesikwuru ihe, ọ bụ ike iji a mbughari formwork ngwọta, ma na ọ ga-izute ihe ụfọdụ a chọrọ. The etiti ga-ntukwasi-obi ekekọtara na ebe-enweta àgwà rigidity. Onye ọcha nke mkpokọta Ọdịdị ga-n'ụzọ ziri ezi ka agbazi ka ọ bụla ọzọ. Na nke a, na gaps kwesịrị ntakiri.

Elu formwork idi bukwanu nsogbu, nke ga-enye a ngwọta mgbe agbapụtara. Desirably, mbughari shuttering nwere ogbenye adhesion na ihe. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eji ọtụtụ ugboro, bughi ọcha gaghị nkwarụ site mmetụta ibu.

Nkwadebe nke osisi ọcha

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ka ọ wụsa onwe gị a monolithic mesikwuru ihe, ọ dị mkpa iji bulie osisi mbadamba, onye ọkpụrụkpụ nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 25 ruo 50 mm. Site obosara ndị a, ndị nwere ike ịbụ nnọọ dị iche iche, a oke abụghị oké egwu. Otú ọ dị, na-amụba obosara enwekwu likelihood nke cracking. Ọ dị mma ịhọrọ osisi, obosara nke nke dịgasị site na 200 ruo 300 mm. Boards ga-anakọtara na ogwe, nke ịdị elu ya ga-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ahụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dị larịị nke ihe agbapụtara. Iji mee nke a, mee ihe yiri Ogwe, nke ike na osisi.

Na elu n'akụkụ Ogwe ga-enịm, mgbe mbọ na-chụpụrụ n'ime osisi nke na okpu bụ n'ime formwork. Ọ bụ omume na-dabara tightly n'etiti ọgwụgwụ ihu nke a osisi. Ọ bụrụ na ndị nchawa obosara a kpụrụ site 1 5 mm, ha mechiri emechi kpuo. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere gaps ebube karị size ha akara rails.

maka ndekọ

Monolithic mesikwuru ihe na-agaghị enweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ ike, ma ọ bụrụ na ekpe cracks na formwork, ebe site na ha ga-ihihi ciment mmiri ara ehi si ngwọta. E wezụga mbadamba, na mbadamba ga-akwadebe, ogologo nke ga-adị ukwuu karịa 1/3 elu nke formwork. N'ihi guzobere nke spacers eji maka osisi na waya bonding mgbidi site esịtidem jumpers arụnyere.

formwork ngwaọrụ

N'okpuru ebe anyị ga-atụle ihe atụ nke na-akpụ owuwu nke formwork maka warara ntọala. Ụkpụrụ ndị a ga-ekwe ka ị na-ewu a ngere n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na nzube. Akpa, n'elu na-akwadebe, a dọrọ na-gwuru maka ntọala, na ala ájá tọrọ airbag. A oyi akwa nke a nkwadebe kwesịrị 150 mm. The isi nwetara na-compacted na wetted na mmiri n'ụba. Ka mfe usoro nke na-ekpebi ihe ziri ezi na ọnọdụ nke shuttering mgbidi ọ dabeere kwesịrị ime ka ọtụtụ inogide. N'ihi nke a ọ na-ntekwasa ciment-ájá ngwa agha ma ọ bụ wụsa a mkpa oyi akwa nke ihe. Horizontality ga mmezi na a mmiri larịị ewu.

Formwork maka steepụ na ala

Ọ bụrụ na-ebu shuttering ngwaọrụ a n'ọkwá, ndị na-na saịtị na-ewu ga na-etolite a na ntọala nke agwa na isi isi ewu. Mgbe ị mepụtara a slab formwork ga-ike a kpuchie nke mbadamba, nke na-akwado site na telescopic racks. Area bases na-ofu ibé na I-ibé na osisi ibé.

The ụkpụrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke formwork

Ozugbo ị boo na obi tara mmiri n'ala nime ékpè, ọ bụ omume na-amalite ọrụ na echichi nke formwork. Iji a eriri na mkpọ kwesịrị ime ndị perimeta nke formwork ọcha, na-esonụ chọrọ nke oru ngo. Dị ka ntọala perimeta n'akụkụ niile n'ịnyịnya mkpọ na nkpọrọ. Ebupụta, nke ihu na ntọala ahụ, a ga-ewepụ si na ode-akwukwọ akara site a anya hà ọkpụrụkpụ nke shuttering mbadamba. Mkpọ na-mkpa ka jide ala nke mbadamba, mgbe mbadamba ga-etolite ihe ndabere maka backups. Osisi mbadamba ga-mmasị ka joists na stakes, na-eme na gwara site mbọ. The n'ime elu nke ọta ga-ekpeghachi mpụga udi nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu isi.

ọkachamara ndụmọdụ

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịrụ mgbe egweri nke ihe, ọ dị mkpa ka indent ihu formwork si nkè nke 15 mm. The elu nke support Ogwe ga-Ọzọkwa ofu site props. Iji mee nke a, tinye a osisi, na ogologo nke nke kwesịrị karịa 1.5 ugboro tụnyere elu nke ntọala. Otu onu nke na ọ ga-abut elu òkè nke support mmanya, mgbe ndị ọzọ na - ala. Na nnukwu ọkpụrụkpụ nke na ntọala ahụ, mgbe nkwado ndabere na mpaghara nwere ike idi nsogbu, a ga-rụrụ ụyọkọ formwork n'ihu webs. Ha na-mere nke waya-mkpanaka, nke ga-ejikọta na-emegide emegide mbadamba.

The technology nke na-ewu ụlọ na-adịgide adịgide shuttering

Formwork maka ihe nwere ike na-adịgide adịgide, a technology na-akacha eji taa na-ewu ụlọ. N'ihi ya formwork ọcha ịrụ ihe ọzọ oyi akwa nke mkpuchi ihe. The na-eri nke na-arụ ọrụ ga-adị ka ala dị ka o kwere omume, ebe ọ bụ na oru-akwụ ụgwọ ndị negligible. Mgbe akpụ na waterproofing nke ụlọ ntọala formwork na ya atọrọ, nke nwere ụdị nke gbasaa polystyrene shapes. Ha na-ẹkenịmde ọnụ site na profaịlụ. Etolite a kpochidoro usoro nwere asụsụ na uzo, nke na-enye ohere ị na ikpokọta ihe nke siri ike na-enweghị gaps. Na nke a n'ụzọ zuru ezu ewepu ekwe omume nke penetration nke ngwọta na omume nke sagging n'ụdị ala njikọ.

Decking nwere kpamkpam dị iche iche ọkpụrụkpụ, ma na-atụle ọkọlọtọ blocks, nke a oghere ohere na-enwe a obosara nke 150 mm. Na nke a na abụọ nwere a polystyrene oyi akwa 5 7.5 cm. Nke a ga-ezu n'ụlọ ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge oyi na oyi na okpomọkụ. Mgbe ụlọ na-wuru nke mesikwuru ihe na nkà na ụzụ nke na-adịgide adịgide formwork, mgbe arịọnụ na-adịbeghị anya wụsara ihe. N'otu oge, ọ esịmde a oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ nke 50 cm, ihe ga-anọkwasị miri vibrator.

Ọ dị mkpa ka na-echeta

Ọ ga-kwuru na iji jupụta na-adịgide adịgide formwork ekwe na-eji naanị ihe, na ojiji nke na-ekpo ọkụ mix kwere omume. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ala Alụlụụ permeability polystyrene, na mixtures na-ekpo ọkụ Alụlụụ permeability n'elu. Ọ bụrụ na-ekpo ọkụ ihe na-sandwiched n'etiti n'ígwé nke mkpuchi, n'ime ga-akpọkọtara ghọọ mmanụ n'oge nke bụchaghị kpụrụ ero na ebu. Nke a technology mesikwuru ihe adịghị egboro mkpa ọzọ mkpuchi ihe. The mgbidi mkpa ka a techie ji achọ mejupụtara ma ọ bụ sheathe siding. Dị ka uru nke mfe nke usoro omume nke ndị ọrụ, ala na-eri na ọ dịghị mkpa maka ndị ọzọ mkpuchi ihe. Ma ụlọ a ga-enweghị ike na-eku ume.

precast ihe technology

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ihe prefabricated ọcha bụ na ha na-agaghị anakọtara na ewu na saịtị na na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Nke a na-enye ohere maka elu àgwà ngwaahịa. Na oge nke rụpụta eji ukwuu ígwè ígwè ọrụ na n'ụzọ zuru ezu akpaghị aka na ngwá. The price nke ndị dị otú ahụ owuwu dị ala, dị ka mgbagwoju anya nke usoro a na-ebelata. Precast ihe na-mere-ewere n'ime akaụntụ obere akwụ ụgwọ nke echichi nke formwork, dị ka nke a, ọ na-agụnye ihe ugboro ugboro iji.

Mesikwuru ihe owuwu na-ekewa n'ime anọ ọmụmụ site oru, ya bụ:

• maka ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ;
• Concrete ngwaahịa na dị iche iche ubi;
• maka owuwu nke obodo na residential ụlọ;
• maka engineering owuwu.

Precast ihe maka obodo were - a n'uko, steepụ, ogwe, nyiwe, ntọala ihe nkanka na mgbidi owuwu. Maka ulo oru eji na-eji mesikwuru ihe kọlụm, ụlọ elu ntọala ikpo na slabs.

Precast ihe na aka-ha

formwork ngwaọrụ ga mkpa ka a rụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ka gị onwe gị ihe na ngwaahịa. N'ihi ya ụfọdụ n'ụlọ nwe kweere na nọrọ maka valvụ adịghị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ihe ugbua nwere elu ike na ntụkwasị obi. Otú ọ dị, na 90% nke ikpe ụgbọelu ọcha na-jikọtara ibu, ya bụ tensile na mkpakọ. Armature ga-anata erughị ala, ọ bụghị ikwe ka Ọdịdị na-agbajikwa ala. Concrete ga-adị mma iji nagide vetikal ibu naanị mgbe ọ ga-enwe ziri ezi ọdịdị nke a cube, nke nwere ike na-enweta na laabu.

ọgwụgwụ

Production nke ihe maka agbapụtara ntọala kwesịrị ịgụnye akwanyere ndị Efrata ruru. N'ihi ya, nkezi nke ciment, ájá na gravel dị ka ndị a: 1: 3: 5.