Mgbasa nke innovations: ndị isi, nkebi, ọrụ nke otutu ụlọ ọrụ

The ọhụrụ usoro -agụnye nkwadebe na mmejuputa iwu nke mgbanwe ngwaahịa na kpụrụ nke interconnected n'ụzọ. N'ihi ya, e nwere ihe omumu na-eji ihe ngwọta. Na ifiọkde usoro a bụ nke pụrụ iche dị mkpa nke mgbasa nke ọhụrụ. Ihe kachasi mkpa, na nkebi, na otutu ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na a onu, tụlee isiokwu.

Isi

Gịnị pụtara na mgbasa nke ọhụrụ? Nke a na onu na-agụnye nkesa nke oge ugbua ozugbo mụtara na ngwọta eji ọhụrụ ebe ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ. Ha na dị iche iche cyclical okike. Nke a na-sonye na akaụntụ ke kpụworo mgbanwe management usoro na nzukọ nke aku na uba. The usoro wee site mgbasa nke ọhụrụ ụfọdụ regularities. Na N'ezie nke ọ rụrụ uka nkesa nke ihe ọmụma, natara gbara ọkpụrụkpụ okwu n'ụdị ọhụrụ teknụzụ na ngwaahịa.

mmepụta

Inwe otu echiche nke ihe a na-akpọ mgbasa nke ọhụrụ, ga-akọwa n'uju na nkebi nke eke ọhụrụ ihe. Ha na-anọ:

1. Research.
2. Project.
3. Production.
4. Commercial.

feature

Na nzọụkwụ mbụ, a ọhụụ maka ọdịnihu nke ngwaahịa kpọmkwem. Ọ dabeere na nkà mmụta sayensị, oru na ụba na nwere nke nzukọ, pụta nke data analysis of tụrụ anya na ina, na nke ugbu a ahịa ọnọdụ, nke ahụ, ohere na-agaghị emeli nke ngwaahịa mmepe. Dịkwa mkpa bụ ntule nke asọmpi ọnọdụ nke ndị ọzọ na-emepụta. N'ihi nke nnyocha na-adọ na-kpụrụ site na mmepụta nke isi kwa nke a ọhụrụ ngwaahịa, teknuzu ike nke ya ntọhapụ, nakwa dị ka akụ na ụba feasibility nke oruru.

Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ dabeere na site echiche imewe na rụrụ. Na N'ezie nke ọ rụrụ a zuru ezu na-amụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ngwaahịa mmepe eme, mmepe na ule nke prototypes, nkwadebe nke drawings. Na mmepụta na-adọ, na gburugburu ebe obibi, kpara na nzukọ nkwadebe nke ntọhapụ na ụdi mmepe nke ihe. N'oge azụmahịa ogbo a na-emejuputa atumatu a set nke jikoro na-akwalite a ọhụrụ ngwaahịa na ahịa. Ndị a gụnyere ndị gụnyere ahịa nnyocha, ihe e kere eke nke ahịa usoro na ọrụ. N'ezie, mgbe a na ogbo e mgbasa nke ọhụrụ.

Product Lifecycle

Ọ na-atụ aro abụọ isi nzọụkwụ:

1. New ngwaahịa mmepe.
2. Commercialization.

The akpa ogbo agụnye mmefu na mmejuputa iwu nke nnyocha na mmepe na-eme. Mgbe eke ngwaahịa na-amalite iwepu ya na ahịa maka ire ere. Commercialization bụ, n'aka nke ya, na-esonụ:

1. Ịrị elu - amụba uru site na ịba ụba ego nke realizable.
2. Stabilization - iji nweta kacha ahịa na-edebe ihe a larịị ruo oge ụfọdụ.
3. Decline - a gụnyere ya ná ahịa.

Nke ikpeazụ bụ n'ihi na ịka nká nke ngwaahịa, na-ebelata mmasị ka ya na n'ji.

nhazi ọkwa nke innovations

Ịtụle echiche nke mgbasa nke innovations, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru ya irè dabeere na omume nakweere nkewa nke ọhụrụ ngwaahịa. N'ihi ya, dabere na larịị nke isi ọhụrụ dịpụrụ adịpụ (ntọala) na ugbu a (rụọ) innovations. Ihe mbụ na-nnoo ọhụrụ ngwaahịa na teknụzụ maka otu mpaghara. Melite ngwaahịa - ya na-kwalite ngwaahịa na ọrụ dị na ahịa. Ọ dị mkpa iji mesie mkpa nke a nhazi ọkwa na iburu n'obi na naanị isi innovations nwere ike inye asọmpi uru nke nzukọ n'ikpeazụ. N'ihi ya, ụlọ ọrụ ga-a na-eduga itie ke ahịa.

Site ha ọdịdị, ọhụrụ nwere ike ịbụ a ngwaahịa, nkà na ụzụ, nzukọ na aku na uba. The mbụ metụtara mma nke ụfọdụ ngwongwo. The abụọ gbasara mmepe ma ọ bụ modernization ngwá ma ọ bụ na nkà na ụzụ. Adịbeghị anya nsogbu akụ na ụba na ego, nzukọ na nhazi ngalaba.

Ozizi mgbasa nke innovations

The ngwaahịa ga embody a ọhụrụ na merela agadi echiche, ihe ịga nke ọma ka okwu mmeghe ahịa, ya mere bara uru. Na omume, na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na atụmatụ, nke mgbasa nke innovations. Ebe a bụ otu n'ime ha. Ọ mejupụtara 11 nzọụkwụ:

1. Formalization nke echiche. Na-ede formulates ya amaghị na n'ihi na mmepe nke innovations.
2. Kpọkọtanụ chọrọ maka na nkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ nwere, nke dị oké mkpa maka rụọ echiche ke n'ichepụta oru.
3. Ogbugbu nke ahịa na nkà na ụzụ nka nke oru ngo, a na-amụ ahịa ọnọdụ, e guzobere realizable ego nke amụma.
4. Business plan mmepe, usoro njikọ aka, oke nke ego na isi mmalite nke revenue.
5. Team ụlọ na akụrụngwa management usoro, na nguzobe nke arụmọrụ.
6. Ogbugbu nke isi na n'ọrụ nnyocha.
7. Mmejuputa iwu nke nnyocha na mmepe na-eme, ihe e kere eke nke sample.
8. Patenting na iwu support.
9. Nkwadebe nke ngwaahịa ahịa tọhapụ. Ọ na-agụnye ikikere, asambodo, tupu mmepụta eme, ihe e kere eke nke ọrụ.
10. Immediate ntọhapụ nye ndị ahịa. N'oge a na-adọ, mepụtara na-emejuputa atumatu ahịa na realizable atumatu, nkesa ọwa na-kpụrụ.
11. Mmụba nke ahịa nke.

Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ, na mgbasa nke innovations dabeere isi na ahịa analysis. Na ya pụta ekwe anyị aka ịzụlite n'ezie otutu ngwọta ka mma ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ na-eke a na mbụ na-amaghị ihe. Dịkwa mkpa bụ ọmụmụ nke n'ji ina. Mgbe niile, ma ọ bụrụ na a ngwaahịa bụ nke na-enweghị mmasị na asịwo, na mgbasa nke innovations na ihe ọ bụla ụzọ. Innovation agbasaa ahịa, ma agaghị eji.

The n'ime workings nke nzukọ

Otutu ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-elekwasị anya isi na rụọ ọrụ ndị competitiveness nke ngwaahịa na ọ na-arụpụta. Na sịrị na-arụ ọrụ na-adị irè, ọ dị mkpa na-etolite a otu nke kasị mma mmadụ ga na-hapụrụ site ugbu a nsogbu. Nke a ga-ekwe ka ha na-elekwasị anya na na usoro nke ngwaahịa mmepe.

Ọ ga-kwuru na ọhụrụ nwere ike ịbụ mgbe nile, karịsịa na obere ụlọ ọrụ, ebe ọ bụ, ke ofụri ofụri, na ọ gaghị ekwe omume. Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịbụ onye na-ahụ maka irè nke ọhụrụ. Ọ ga-enye adọ njirimara na nnọchi nke gharazie ịba uru na ngwaahịa, teknụzụ na akụrụngwa. Nke a na-arụ bụ maka a saa mbara, mmezi analysis of na-eme, mmepe nke otutu arụmọrụ.

dị mkpa

Enterprise management kwesịrị rụrụ ka ndị ọrụ aghọta ọhụrụ ọ bụghị dị ka a iyi egwu ma dị ka ohere ezu. Ọ bụla na-arụ kwesịrị maara na innovations na-eje ozi dị ka ndị kasị irè ụzọ iji chebe ma na-ewusi ụlọ ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, mkpara kwesịrị ịghọta na ọhụrụ nkwa ọrụ na ọdịmma.

ọgwụgwụ

Ebumnobi bụ isi nke ụlọ ọrụ na-anọchi jirichaa ego. The isi ọrụ nke otutu ọrụ bụ inweta a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke innovations n'ụdị ọhụrụ kere ma ọ bụ mma na ngwaahịa, teknụzụ, ngwaọrụ, ụzọ nke akara na na. Nke a ọrụ bụ isi ihe na- Ịnwetacha uru ịrụ uru. Otutu ọrụ nwere ike rụrụ dị iche iche ntụziaka. Ha na-gụnyere na oru ngo iji na mmepe ma ọ bụ mmepe nke ọhụrụ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ teknụzụ. Management anya kwesịrị imezu a comparative analysis nke profitability nke ọ bụla nke ebe nke ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa n'ihi na ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ, n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ha na nsogbu na-adịghị na zuru ezu ego nke ego maka ọhụrụ. Comparative analysis ga-ekwe ka e jiri ya tụnyere ndị profitability nke ọzọ ntụziaka. Indicators bụ otu ihe dị mkpa research ngwá ọrụ maka mkpebi support na ubi nke ọhụrụ.