Nzube na ụdị ikpo

Ikpo na-bu n'obi na imewe nke ntọala ụlọ na ụlọ maka ibu nyefe n'ala, nakwa dị ka ntọt ya ibu-amị ikike. Foundation iche anwụ ngwa ngwa, mfe na ala na-eri ndokwa. Types of ikpo na-adabere na ihe onwunwe na-eji, n'ichepụta technology, na udi ma na-azọnye usoro.

The dị iche na ngwaahịa mix bụ iji ihe na technology imikpu. Na nke a, echichi nke ikpo na-adabere na ihe onwunwe Njirimara na imewe atụmatụ. Dabere na ihe si na-esonụ ụdị:

• mesikwuru ihe ikpo ma ọ bụ ihe;
• osisi;
• metal.

Nhazi ọkwa bụkwa Filiks n'ihi na ha imikpu n'ime ala, na-metụtara n'ibu Njirimara na bughi atụmatụ.

Ikpo: ụdị imikpu

Ikpo mere nke ọ bụla ihe na-ekewa n'ime na ákwà ogbe. First etinyere soft Ona nke oké omimi. Ha na-ebunye ibu bụghị naanị na ala ọgwụgwụ, ma site na esemokwu n'etiti ala na n'akụkụ elu. Racks ala ọgwụgwụ na-akwado na a na ok isi nke-enweta ihe a dum ibu.

Construction ikpo interconnected na usoro nke nmikpu na ndị nke ndị na-esonụ ụdị.

1. Chụpụrụ - eji punches hama ma ọ bụ vibrators iji ịpị ngwaọrụ. The usoro na-etinyere, ma ọ bụrụ na e nweghị ndị ọzọ ụlọ na ịma jijiji ala nwere ike inye a ịkpali.
2. Oghere shei ikpo. Ha na-mikpuru n'ala site vibration wepụ ala si n'ime na dochie ya ihe ngwa agha.
3. Drilling - olulu gbapuru na jupụtara a ngwakọta nke ihe ma ọ bụ mesikwuru ihe na nwee ume mmewere.
4. E biri ebi - ọma mere ala mkpakọ na wụsara ihe ngwakọta.
5. Ịghasa - screwed n'ala.

Ikpo osisi

Osisi ntọala eji maka ìhè ụlọ, nke na ibu kwa 1 m nke ² nke ebe n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ. Ya chịm ụlọ maka otu ọrụ ndụ. Emekarị nke a bụ nwa oge na ugbo ụlọ, obere echekwa, ụgbọ ala washes, ụlọ ahịa kọfị. N'ihi na ndị dị otú ahụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achọrọ oké ọnụ nchikota ọdabara na-adịgide adịgide owuwu.

Ụdị ikpo osisi na-nkewa dị ka ụdị osisi ji mee ka ha. Ha na-mere nke fir, spruce, cedar, larch, akpu na na. D. dekọọ iri ziri ezi ma dị ọcha si n'ụgbụgbọ. Ikpo ogologo ka 4.5 na 16 m na a dayameta nke 20 cm. Ọ bụrụ na ịrịba penetration, osisi ikpo na-ụba na a kacha nke anọ ọcha. The ala njedebe nke ikwo ihe na cone, ogologo nke bụ hà 1.5-2 ogwe n'obosara. Na kwa oké ala ma ọ bụ solids si na ala nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-eyi metal. Upper ọgwụgwụ chebe metal mgbanaka (yoke) maka nchedo deformation mgbe ụgbọala.

Tupu mmiri ikpo impregnating mejupụtara si ire ere: pụrụ iche daubing firing. Ha na-ahụ n'ihu ntekwasa na a creosote mmanụ ma ọ bụ osmolkoy antiseptik na ọbọp bandeeji.

N'okpuru ntọala ogidi a gbapuru ọma bụ 1.5 ugboro ibu n'obosara. Bottom support eji maka nkume ma ọ bụ ihe mix. Mgbe wụnye okporo osisi lìe ike tamped. Mgbe kwesịrị ekwesị emeso osisi ikpo-eje ozi ruo afọ 20.

mesikwuru ihe ikpo

Ikpo nwere ike inye ya saịtị njikere n'ụdị ibé ma ọ bụ wụsara n'ime ebu nke a na-n'ịnyịnya na a gbapuru onu.

Ụdị-amụbawanye ewu nwere ike ịbụ gburugburu ma ọ bụ polygonal, na kapịrị ọnụ ala na nsọtụ. Ogologo bụ 16 m, na-size na cross ngalaba - site 20 ruo 40 cm.

The kasị ngwaahịa nke square cross ngalaba, dị ka obere oru kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ihe ọkaibe Nlụpụta.

Ikpo ntọala, ụdị nke ikpo

Ntọala na-kere site a ìgwè nke ikpo, ejikọrọ site n'elu doo ma ọ bụ slab (rafti ntọala). Single ikpo idi ọtụtụ obere nchegbu tụnyere arọ nke dọbara n'elu-ewu. Ya mere, nkwado a kpụrụ n'ime iche iche.

1. Monolithic ikpo

Tupu hama ikpo n'ime ala, mbụ a onu gbapuru nime ya ka a omimi nke 1.5 m, nke na kọlụm na-etinyere. Mgbe ahụ tap na-ọnọ na a hama ma ọ bụ na-amụba n'ike n'ike a na-chụpụrụ na achọrọ omimi. Nwechapụ sizing oghere jupụtara ihe.

Oghere ikpo mesikwuru ihe iso nke njikọ sonyeere ịgbado ọkụ ma ọ bụ bolts. Na ha ala akụkụ bụ ala, na elu ihe ngwa agha na-wụsara, aka nkwurịta okwu na ntọala.

2. gbụrụ ikpo

The ụdị nke ikpo maka ntọala na-agụnye imewe, na-emepụta na na-ewu ihe owuwu.

Ịnọ nkịtị gwụrụ nkwado na-arụpụtara dị ka ndị a.

1. The bụ n'ala ọma na ịdị omimi nke ikpo. Iji mee nke a, ala a na-gbapuru ma ọ bụ chịngọm ná ntutu isi. Ke akpa usoro nwere ike ike n'ala mgbidi casing ma ọ bụ ụrọ ngwọta. Ọ bụrụ na ala ohere n'okpuru isi akara pụrụ iche ịgbasa ngwaọrụ n'ịnyịnya na malite ịgba mkpara.
2. Inside ọma na-etinyere n'ime tube nke roofing ihe onwunwe na shuttering nke anọ mkpara oyiyi akwa na kwụ dressings.
3. The ime ohere jupụtara na a ihe ngwọta na-akara vibrator.

metal ikpo

Ka ikpo eji a inyefe profaịlụ: I-doo, ọwa ma ọ bụ ọjà. Mgbe ụfọdụ, emepụta ha tupu nkenye ọnọdụ ọzụzụ. A kwụsị a Weld n'etiti abụọ ọwa, si otú inweta a square tube.

Ikpo nwekwara ike ịbụ nke na-emeghe ngalaba. Ha bụ òtù ịgbado ọkụ akụkụ, rails, I-ibé.

The metal na-eji na mgbe ebe ọ bụ omume iru a mesikwuru ihe ikpo. Ọ bụ mfe na-amụba ka penetration n'ime n'ala.

Metal profaịlụ nwere nnukwu ike, nke mmemmem ha karịrị akarị n'ụlọikpe ndị dị n'ala. N'ihi na a obere cross-ngalaba na-adịghị atụ egwu nke ike inclusions ma ọ bụ bibie nkume Ona.

Ikpo chụpụrụ n'ime ala ma ọ bụ a oké nkume pịa. Na a omimi nke 5 m na-ezu itinye akwụkwọ ntuziaka hama.

Akpan akpan ụdị n'etiti ikpo metal ngwaahịa - a ịghasa. Site n'inye a elu ike, ha na-echekwa na nkà na ụzụ ntọala nke ihe. Ikpo bụ oghere ebe akpa-na elu pupụtara. Ha na-screwed n'ime n'ala, dị ka kposara, mgbe retaining ya Ọdịdị na n'ihu compacting. N'ihi ya, ọ na-gbochiri n'usoro na agbara direction ka ọ ghara imebi àgwà nke isi.

The uru nke ịghasa ikpo

Ịghasa ikpo nwere ndị na-esonụ uru:

• enweghị gwupụtatụrụla;
• ekwe omume nke ulo ụlọ ke mgbagwoju teren na juu ala;
• mfe ụkpụrụ ụlọ ụlọ si na njikere-kpụrụ ebe;
• elu ibu-amị ike;
• dịghị shrinkage;
• ike wụnye nso na nkwukọrịta na n'oge ọ bụla nke afọ;
• anwụ ngwa ngwa.

Fundam nke ịghasa ikpo etinyere na adụ n'ala, ebe akwa iru mmiri, oyi na fluidity. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-apụghị-ewu n'okpuru ala, ma nke a drawback nke na-abịara ihe nile ụdị ikpo ntọala.

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ ịghasa ikpo kwesịrị ntị ka ndị na-esonụ ihe.

1. Ndabere nke ọhụrụ anwụrụ a na-mere ígwè na a sandblasted na antirust-ntekwasa pụrụ ịdabere na. The mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ kwesịrị erughị 4 mm, na pupụtara - 5 mm.
2. The anwụrụ kwesịrị ezigbo n'èzí, na-enweghị protruding welds, na agụba - ziri ezi ọdịdị.
3. Site ịgbado ọkụ quality elu choro ma ogige adịghị adị ndụ n'oge nweghi n'ala.

Ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke ịghasa ikpo:

• alloy enwe a elu ike nke agụba ọjà njikọ;
• ịgbado ọkụ - ịgbado ọkụ na pupụtara na ozu nke ikpo;
• jikọtara, kpọkọtara si abụọ n'akụkụ - a cone agụba.

Ịghasa ikpo na-adịghị n'ịnyịnya na a nkume na nkume n'ala, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ndị pụrụ iche ngwá n'ihi na otú nwụnye.

Arịọnụ ịghasa ikpo

1. Kwesịrị ekwesị size họrọ dabeere na ngụkọta oge nke ikpo na ala analysis.
2. Emepụta markings, na ikpo ka atọrọ ka chọrọ ọnọdụ.
3. Nweghi emepụta pụrụ iche na ngwá, ma mgbe ụfọdụ, i nwere ike iji aka tinye, site na iji levers. The ọrụ rụrụ na a 2-3. The omimi kwesịrị erughị 1.5 m.
4. Ikpo ubi na-ebipụ ka otu larịị.
5. Inside na ọkpọkọ wee jupụta ihe.
6. Welded ọgwụgwụ okpu n'elu ikpo, na mgbe rụrụ strapping ọwa mmanya ma ọ bụ ndekọ. Ịgbado ọkụ seams na-ntekwasa na mastic corrosion.

ọgwụgwụ

Technology ngwa na-ewu ikpo ka o kwe omume ịgwọta nsogbu ndị dị mgbagwoju na-ewu nke mfe ma oké ọnụ ụzọ nke ụlọ na owuwu. The iche iche nke ikpo, n'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ ntọala, ekwe ịzụlite ala ohere ọ bụla ala na na wuru ebe.