Ọgwụ nje otu, nke na-eji omume nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ

Ọgwụ nje ndị na ngwaahịa nke microorganisms, ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, nakwa dị ka ha sịntetik na semisynthetic nkwekọrịta nke ngwaahịa a n'usoro, nke na ụmụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ahụ ibibi ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ mmepe nke pathogens. Ọgwụ nje-emetụta ọnụego Biochemical Jeremaya mere. Ugbu a, anyị na-synthesized site a dịgasị iche iche nke ọgwụ nje, ma naanị ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-eji ọgwụ na ahụ ike omume. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ha elu toxicity. The isi ìgwè nke ọgwụ nje na-ewepụtara ntule, anụ ahụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

Isi akụrụngwa n'ihi amị ọgwụ nje na- dịkwa ka usoro ha (griseofulvin, penicillin), actinomycetes (tetracyclines, rifamycins, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, polyenes), dịkwa ka usoro ha (fuzidin-), bacteria (gramicidin, polymyxin), lichen (usnic acid), Osisi (rafanin, imanin, obodo), ụmụ anụmanụ na (lysozyme, erythrite, Leikin, ihe interferon, ekmolin, gamma globulins).

Antifungal eto - iche iche otu biosoedineny na-ike na-ebibi ndu membranes nke microscopic dịkwa ka usoro ha, na-eme ha ọnwụ. The kasị ewu ewu na ndị dị otú ahụ ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe dị ka "Levorinum", "Natamycin" "Nystatin". Taa, ndị a ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na-adịghị mgbe e kenyere, n'ihi na ala arụmọrụ na elu toxicity. Modern ahịa ọgwụ na-enye a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ukwuu irè sịntetik ọgwụ, nke na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie antifungal ọgwụ nje.

Ịtụle chemical Ọdịdị ịmata ihe dị iche ndị dị otú ahụ dị iche iche nke ọgwụ nje: cephalosporins, penicillins, macrolides, levomitsitin, tetracyclines, polymyxins, aminoglycosides, rifamycins na polyenes. Ọgwụ nje, n'adịghị antiseptics chemical, na-ada n'elu elu nke a microbial cell ma ọ bụ na-abami n'ime, ọbụna obere kasịnụ osmotic emerụ ya mkpa ọrụ (Iṅomi, ume, nri) na-egosi bactericidal na bacteriostatic edinam.

ogwu mgbochi usoro nke edinam Groups: cell akpụkpọ ahụ inhibitors (cephalosporins, penicillins); inhibitors nke dị iche iche nkebi nke biosynthesis nke na-edozi na nucleic asịd (levomitsetina, streptomycins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, rifamycins, hloromitsiny, actinomycins). The kasị dị ize ndụ ọgwụ ọjọọ si otu a bụ levomitsetina ọgwụ nje na aminoglycoside nke nwere ike ime ka ọnwụ nke ụmị ọkpụkpụ, imeju na-na akụrụ.

N'ihi nkà na ụzụ, a mụwo onye usoro nke antimicrobial edinam nke ọgwụ nje na molekụla larịị, nke enwekwukwa nghọta nke na-apụtaghị ìhè Filiks na-eme n'okpuru ha. Ka ihe atụ, na-eme nnyocha chọpụtara na ndị mebiri nke protein njikọ teratsiklina n'okpuru nduzi nke ọgwụ ọjọọ, chloramphenicol na erythromycin ime n'oge dị iche iche nkebi. Levomitsetina inhibit ọrụ nke enzyme peptidyl transferase, erythromycin eme na translocase enzyme, na tetracyclines - usoro nke attaching nyefe ribonucleic acid na ribosome.

ọgwụ nje otu, nyere nso nke antimicrobial edinam. All ọgwụ nje na-nkewa dị ka ọgwụ ọjọọ nke warara na iche iche sara mbara nke ọrụ. Dị otú ahụ formulations warara ụdịdị dị iche iche dị ka "erythromycin", "oleandomycin" - eme preferentially na gram-mma microflora na polymyxin - na gram na polyenes - maka dịkwa ka usoro ha.

The preparations na a iche iche sara mbara nke edinam (streptomycins, levomitsitin, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides) eme ka on gram-nti na-gram-adịghị mma microflora, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ nje, dịkwa ka usoro ha, rickettsia, leptospira, mmadụ nje.