Phagocytosis - ihe ọ bụ? Gịnị bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke phagocytosis? nkebi nke phagocytosis

Ya mere, phagocytosis - ihe ọ bụ? Ka anyị gbalịa ịghọta definition nke a okwu. Okwu "phagocytosis" sitere abụọ Greek morpheme - phagos (eripịarịta) na kytos (cell). International Medical okwu phagokytosis, n'adịghị russified nwere njedebe osis, nke sụgharịta si Greek dị ka "usoro" ma ọ bụ "onu". N'ihi ya, a definition pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị usoro nke ude nke mba ọzọ gị n'ụlọnga kpọmkwem mkpụrụ ndụ uduak, ije thereto, kpọọ na absorption na ụdi cleavage. Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-ekwu banyere ọdịdị zuru oke nke phagocytosis. anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere ihe bụ phagocytes, tụlee nzọụkwụ na-ahụ ihe dị iche n'etiti zuru ezu na ezughị ezu phagocytosis.

History nke chọpụtara pụrụ iche motile mkpụrụ ndụ

The pụtara ìhè Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị - II Mechnikov na 1882 - 1883 afọ. mụụrụ nwere na intracellular mgbaze, na-amụ uzo larvae nke oké osimiri kpakpando. Scientist na-eche ma na-anọ na multicellular ntule ike weghara nri iche mkpụrụ ndụ. Na gbara ya nke ọma, dị ka ime ndị mmadụ nje ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka amoeba. I. I. Mechnikov nọrọ ahụmahụ: ịbanye n'ime ahu nke erùrù nke carmine ntụ ntụ na-ele ndị a obere ọbara-acha ọbara ọbara mkpụrụ toro cell mgbidi. Ha jidere ma loo agba. Mgbe ahụ ọkà mmụta sayensị a amụma na bụla organism ga nwere a pụrụ iche na-azara ọnụ na mkpụrụ ndụ, nke nwere ike banye na gbara ndị ọzọ ahụ na-emerụ ahụ idem. Iji gosi ha amụma, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eji pink spikes, nke na-ẹkenam n'ime ahu nke erùrù nke azuokpo. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ndị na-eme nnyocha chọpụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ na-gburugburu ogwu, na-agbalị ịrụ ụka "pests" na-asọ ha. Ndị a kpọmkwem na-echebe ahụ hụrụ na ahụ nke erùrù, a ọkà mmụta sayensị na-akpọ phagocytes. Site na nke a ahụmahụ kpughere I. I. Mechnikov phagocytosis. Na 1883, ọ kọrọ ya chọpụtara nke asaa Congress nke Russian n'okike. N'ọdịnihu, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nọ na-arụ ọrụ a direction, kere a comparative daa ọrịa nke mbufụt, nakwa dị ka phagocytic ozizi ọgụ. N'afọ 1908, ya na ọkà mmụta sayensị Paul Ehrlich, ọ natara Nobel Nrite n'ihi na ha mkpa ndu nnyocha.

Onu nke phagocytosis - ihe ọ bụ?

I. I. Mechnikov na-ele na mụtara ọrụ nke phagocytosis na-agbachitere Jeremaya mere nke ụmụ mmadụ na elu ụmụ anụmanụ. Ọkà mmụta sayensị achọpụtala na usoro a na-arụ a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ na-agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche na ọnyá. Ndu Encyclopedic Dictionary enye ndị na-esonụ definition. Phagocytosis na-arụsi ọrụ oké ọgba, na absorption nke ndị mba ọzọ ihe ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka nje bacteria, na cell iberibe microfungi, unicellular ntule ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem sel (phagocytes), dị na bụla multicellular organism. Gịnị bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke phagocytosis? Ọ na-kweere na ọ bụ ndị kasị ochie ụdị nchedo multicellular organism. The ụmụ mmadụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ usoro ịrụ ọrụ phagocytosis na-arụkwa a oké mkpa ọrụ. Ọ bụ mmeghachi omume mbụ ka iwebata a dịgasị iche iche nke nje, bacteria na ndị ọzọ na mba ọzọ mmadụ. Phagocytes na-igbasa ofụri idem, na-achọ "pests". Mgbe ndị mba ọzọ na gị n'ụlọnga chọpụtara nkịtị nke ya anabata. Nwanyị phagocyte ajọ amịkọrọ na-ebibi ya.

Isi ihe abụọ dị iche iche nke motile mkpụrụ ndụ - "agbachitere"

Phagocytes bụ mgbe niile n'ọrụ na njikere mgbe ọ bụla obibi na isi iyi nke ọrịa. Ha nwere ihe ụfọdụ na obodo kwụụrụ, n'ihi na ha nwere ike mepụta ha ọrụ, ọ bụghị naanị ime ma n'elu aru: n'elu nke mucous membranes na na ebe nke mebiri emebi anụ ahụ. Human phagocytes na okwu nke ịdị irè ha, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-kewara abụọ iche iche - na "ọkachamara" na "unprofessional". Nke mbụ bụ monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, poolu sel, dendritic mkpụrụ ndụ na anụ ahụ. The isi mobile phagocytic mkpụrụ ndụ bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha - mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha. Ha iga njem na mkpali na-elekwasị anya ma mejuputa echebe ọrụ. Phagocytosis agụnye nchọpụta nke leukocytes, absorption na mbibi nke ọbịa ihe, nakwa dị ka ya nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ mebiri emebi mkpụrụ ndụ. Mgbe n'ịrụ ha ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha ịkwaga n'ime n'ọbara, na-aga n'ihu na igbasa na ọbara, na ndị ọzọ - na-ata apoptosis ma ọ bụ dystrophic mgbanwe. "Unprofessional" otu mejupụtara fibroblasts na reticular endothelial mkpụrụ ndụ, nke nwere ala phagocytic ọrụ.

The usoro nke phagocytosis: akpa ogbo

Tụlee otú usoro nke ịchịkwa emerụ ntule. Ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụta anọ nkebi nke phagocytosis. Nke mbụ bụ a convergence: phagocyte-eru nso ka ndị mba ọzọ ihe. Nke a bụ ma ruru ka mberede nkukota ma ọ bụ dị ka a n'ihi nke nọ n'ọrụ directional ije - chemotaxis. E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị chemotaxis - mma (kwupụta phagocytes) na (na ije nke phagocytes). A, mma chemotaxis rụrụ na saịtị nke anụ ahụ mebiri, nakwa dị ka kpatara ụmụ nje na nri ha.

N'ịnọgide phagocytes ka a mba ọzọ gị n'ụlọnga

Mgbe convergence kletki "n'echebe" na obi urughuru nke abụọ ogbo amalite. Ọ na-arapara n'ahụ. Phagocyte iru isiokwu na-akọ ya na mmasị. Ka ihe atụ, mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha, nke rutere center nke mbufụt na-ekpe na arịa mgbidi, anaghị agbaji pụọ na ya, ọbụna n'agbanyeghị nnukwu eruba ike ọsọ. adhesion usoro a rụrụ site n'elu ụgwọ phagocyte. Dị ka a na-achị, ọ bụ na-ezighị ezi, na n'elu ihe phagocyte na-ghaghị ebubo. Na nke a, na e nwere ndị kasị mma adhesion. Ezighị ebubo ahụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, akpụ, na-weghaara phagocytes budata njọ. Otú ọ dị, e nwere n'ịnọgide dị otú ahụ ahụ. Ọ na-emezu site na ihe nke mucopolysaccharides, ẹdude n'elu phagocytes membranes nakwa site mbenata viscosity nke cytoplasm na kpuchiri whey mba ọzọ gị n'ụlọnga.

Agba nke atọ nke phagocytosis

Mgbe nkekọ ndị mba ọzọ ihe phagocyte amalite ya absorption, nke nwere ike ime na ụzọ abụọ. Na n'ókè nke kọntaktị nke a mba ọzọ ihe shei, mgbe ahụ, ihe na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime cell. N'ihi ya, ihe na-emechi ndị free n'ọnụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ, na-emecha detached vacuole kpụrụ, gụnyere n'ime onye na-achọghị urughuru. The abụọ absorption ụzọ - omume nke pseudopodia, ndị mba ọzọ ahụ na kpuchiri n'ijikọta na ha. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ha na-nchọ na vacuoles n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ. Dị ka a na-achị, na-enyemaka nke pseudopodia phagocytes banye microfungi. Retraction ma ọ bụ nke kpuchiri obi ihe na-ekwe n'ihi shei na-nyere phagocyte contractile Njirimara.

Intracellular cleavage nke "ajọ"

The anọ ogbo agụnye phagocytosis nke intracellular mgbaze. Na nke a emee dị ka ndị a. The vacuole nwere mba ọzọ ahụ na-agụnye lysosomes enwe mgbagwoju nke digestive enzymes na-arụ ọrụ ma na-awụsa. Nke a na-emepụta ihe gburugburu ebe obibi nke cleavage emee mfe ndu macromolecules ribonuclease, amylase, protease na lipase. N'ihi activates enzymes mgbaze na mbibi na-adị, na mgbe ahụ ntọhapụ nke vacuole umuihe ngwaahịa. Ugbu a na ị maara ihe anọ nkebi nke phagocytosis. Protection nke ahụ a rụrụ nkebi: mbụ e convergence phagocyte na ihe, mgbe ahụ, mma, i.e. ndokwa nke na-achọghị ahụ n'elu nke "Ọnọ", na mgbe na - na absorption na mgbaze nke ajọ.

Na-ezughị ezu na zuru ezu phagocytosis. Gịnị bụ ha iche?

Dabere na ihe ga-eme nke intracellular mgbaze nke mba ọzọ ahụ, abụọ iche iche nke natara - zuru ezu na ezughị ezu phagocytosis. The mbụ ihe na-agwụ agwụ mbibi zuru ezu na mkpochapu umuihe na ngwaahịa na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ezughị ezu phagocytosis - ihe ọ bụ? Okwu ahụ pụtara na onye mbịarambịa mkpụrụ ndụ na-etinye obi gị dum site phagocytes, na-anọgide viable. Ha nwere ike ibibi vacuole, ma ọ bụ iji ya dị ka a "ala" maka ozuzu. Otu ihe atụ nke na-ezughị ezu phagocytosis bụ a gonococcal uptake ke idem, nke nwere dịghị ọgụ ha. Mgbe na-ezughị ezu pathogens site phagocytosis nke phagocytes echekwara n'ime, na-agbasa ofụri idem. Ya mere, na ebe nke na-echebe usoro nke phagocytosis-aghọ a na-eduzi ya nke ọrịa, na-enyere pests na-agbasa ma na ọtụtụ.

Akpata intracellular mgbaze usoro

Phagocytosis Mebiri emee n'ihi ntụpọ ke kpụworo phagocytes nakwa dị ka suppression nke ọrụ nke mobile kletok- "protectors". Ke adianade do, ihe oghom mgbanwe ke intracellular mgbaze ikekwe n'ihi butere n'aka ọrịa, dị ka ọrịa na alder Chedyaka-Higashi. Mebiri guzobere phagocytes, gụnyere imu nke leukocytes, mgbe mgbe, na-adị mgbe radieshon ikpughe ma ọ bụ n'ihi na butere n'aka neutropenia. Suppression ọrụ nke phagocytes nwere ike ime n'ihi na erughi nke ụfọdụ homonụ, electrolytes na vitamin. Ọzọkwa glycolytic nsí na microbial nsí imetụta ịrụ ọrụ nke phagocytes. Anyị na-atụ, site na isiokwu a, ị nwere ike mfe zaa ajụjụ a: "Phagocytosis - ihe ọ bụ?". Jisie!