Russian-Persian agha nke 1826-1828.

Ná mmalite nke XIX narị afọ, Russian Alaeze Ukwu na Persia na-arụ ụka maka mmetụta na Caucasus na Caspian Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri. N'etiti abụọ ndị a ike biri mba ndị dị ka Georgia, Armenia na Dagestan. Na 1804 malitere mbụ Russian-Persian agha. Ọ jedebere mgbe afọ itoolu. Dabere na ya pụta, weputara na Gulistan udo nkwekọrịta, Russia esonyere ya Georgian na n'omume Armenian ala.

E meriri ndị Peshia na amasịghị. The obodo na-ewu ewu revanchist mmetụta. Shah chọrọ naputa furu efu n'ógbè. N'ihi nke a irreconcilable nghotaghe mmasi nke malitere Russian-Persian agha (1826-1828). Akpata esemokwu na esemokwu na mpaghara mere ya-apụghị izere ezere.

The diplomatic ọnọdụ

Na-akwadebe maka a ọhụrụ agha ahụ malitere na Persia, ozugbo imeri ke 1813. Mbụ niile Fath-Ali Shah Qajar gbalịrị Nweta nkwado nke European ike. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ dabeere n'ebe Napoleon Bonaparte, bụ ndị mere ka njikọ aka ha na Peasia na Iv nke agha na Russia na 1812. The okwu kwuru na nkwekọrịta Finkeshteynskom.

Kemgbe ahụ, Otú ọ dị, ụwa ọnọdụ gbanwere nke ukwuu. The Napoleonic Wars biri na e meriri France na oké ọchịchọ Emperor, bụ onye na-n'agha na St. Helena. Shah mkpa a ọhụrụ enyere Devid aka. Tupu ịmalite na-Russian-Persian agha nke 1826-1828., Mmasị Persia malitere inye UK.

Na nke a colonial ike nwere ọdịmma nke ya na Asian mpaghara. Alaeze ekesịpde India, na onye nnọchianya mba Britain mere Iranian nkwa ghara ka ọ bụla nke ndị iro nke mba a na London. N'otu oge ogu wee daa n'etiti Persia na Turkey. British peacekeepers na-egwuri a ọrụ ke mkparita uka na ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman ná mgbalị ekpek Shah agha na onye agbata obi ọzọ - Russia.

Na eve nke agha

N'oge a, nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Fath Ali Shah Abbas Mirza e mere onyeisi usuu ndị agha Peasia. Enye utom ịkwadebe ndị agha maka ịma aka ndị ọhụrụ na-ebu niile dị mkpa mgbanwe. Army modernization e akwado site na UK. Agha na-enweta ọhụrụ ngwá agha na uniforms, nwere obere zụrụ na Europe. N'ihi ya Abbas Mirza gbalịrị iji merie technical backwardness nke ha subordinates si Russian akụkụ. Putara ighe ọ bụ a nzọụkwụ na ziri ezi, ma ya mgbanwe Iranian n'isi ụlọ ọrụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa, na-agbalị ghara ida oge. Nke a na-egwuri a ajọ egwuregwu. Mgbe Russian-Persian agha, bụ ndị na-ikpeazụ esemokwu, nwere ike na-achọpụta a mgbanwe ke iro ha mara ụlọikwuu. Ma ha ezughị iji merie ọdịiche nke di n'etiti ndị agha nke Nicholas m na Shah.

Na 1825, Iranian militarists ji ọṅụ nakwere ozi ọma na Russian Emperor Alexander m nwụrụ na mberede na Taganrog. Ọpụpụ ya na ndụ mere ka obere dynastic nsogbu na (ọzọ ihe) njehie nke ndị Decembrists. Alexander enweghị ụmụ, na oche-eze bụ ịkwaga ọzọ nwanne, Constantine. Ọ jụrụ, na-emecha malitere ibu eze Nicholas, onye ama mgbe kwadebere maka nke a. Site ọzụzụ ọ bụ onye agha. Decembrist nsogbu duru ya banye a ọnụma. Mgbe kuu mgbalị kụrụ afọ n'ala, na St. Petersburg, ọ malitere a ogologo ikpe.

Ọ bụ na ụbọchị nke ọhụrụ ndị ndụmọdụ nke na eze wee malite na-akọ ndị eze na ndịda agbata obi n'ihu ọha na-akwadebe maka agha. Ọchịagha na Chief nke Caucasus ke ama-General Aleksey Ermolov. Gara aga Russian-Persian agha wee ebe n'anya-ya, ọ na, dị ka onye ọ bụla ọzọ, bụ maara ihe ize ndụ nke a ọhụrụ esemokwu. Ọ bụ nke a n'ozuzu ọzọ yiri yiri Nicholas banyere atụmanya nke Caucasus.

The Emperor zara kama umengwụ, ma ka na-kwetara izipu Tehran Prince Alexander Menshikov. N'ọdịnihu Minister nke Navy ahụghị a nkịtị asụsụ na Persian ekwuchitere mba. The eze nyere ya ụgwọ ntuziaka, dị ka nke na ọ dị njikere ịhapụ ihe akụkụ nke ụka Talysh Khanate n'ọnọdụ a udo mmezi nke esemokwu. Otú ọ dị na Tehran anabataghị ndị a amụma. Menshikov ọbụna jidere ya, ya na ihe nile nke nnọchiteanya, ọ bụ ezie na-ama wepụtara na 1827.

Persian aka

Odida nke tupu mkparita uka emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Russian-Persian agha ma amalitela. July 16, 1826 Iranian agha gafere ókè na mpaghara nke oge a na Azerbaijan, ebe e nwere Talysh na Karabakh khanate. Nke a na ime ihe e mere na nzuzo na-aghọ aghụghọ, enweghị ukara ọkwa a dịghị agha.

Na ókè-ala ọ bụ nanị iji chebe onwe agha zukọrọ ngwa ngwa esịnede obodo Azerbaijanis. Ha apụghị na-enye dị oké njọ na-eguzogide kwadebere site Persian agha. Ụfọdụ ndị bi na-eme Islam, ọbụna sonyeere ndị mwakpo. Dị ka atụmatụ, Abbas Mirza, usuu ndị agha Peasia bụ ịkwaga n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, tinyere ndị na ndagwurugwu nke ndị Kura River. The isi nzube e weere n'ógbè isi obodo Tiflis. N'eziokwu, ndị agha Russia ndị a ga-atụba ya n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke Terek.

The agha na Caucasus region mgbe nwere a ole na ole kenkwucha atụmatụ metụtara kpọmkwem ebe. Gaa na riiji nke ala ahụ bụ ekwe omume nanị site ụfọdụ gafee. Ime na Caucasus, ndị Peasia zitere inyeaka agha n'ebe ugwu, na-enwe olileanya na-egbochi niile ụzọ isi Russian agha.

War na Karabakh

The isi otu n'okpuru kpọmkwem na-edu ndú nke Abbas Mirza agukọta 40,000 agha. Nke a agha gafere ókè osimiri Araks wee gawa n'ebe e wusiri ike nke Shushi. On na Iv nke Persian iwu gbalịrị Nweta nkwado nke obodo khans, bu ndi-isi nke Azerbaijanis bi n'obodo. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-n'ezie na nkwa Abbas Mirza support.

Na Shusha ka Armenian bi Orthodox bi, nke, na iche, a-eguzosi ike n'ihe na Russian ọchịchị. Agha nke ebe e wusiri ike gụnyere a detachment nke Cossacks. Nọchigide kpebiri ịkpọrọ njigide na Muslim khans, bụ ndị e chere na nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru na mmekota na Peasia. Ọ malitere ngwa ngwa na-azụ ndị agha, bụ nke gụnyere tumadi nke Armenia. N'agbanyeghị ike ihe nke Cossacks, Shusha enweghị ihe ọ bụla dị ka a nnukwu ọkọnọ nke nri na ngwá agha ndị dị mkpa maka a ịga nke ọma na-azara ọnụ na wakpo ma ọ bụ nnọchibido.

N'oge a, ndị Karabakh Khan, ghọrọ a nọ n'okpuru nke Russia mgbe agha 1804-1813., Mara ọkwa na nkwado nke Persian mwakpo. Abbas Mirza, n'ihi ya akụkụ, kwere nkwa patronage n'elu obodo Alakụba. Ọ na-mara ọkwa na agha na na Russian, na-enwe olileanya na ọ ga-enyere ya aka adọta ndị mmadụ ha n'akụkụ.

The nọchibidoro Shusha

The ọhụrụ Russian-Persian agha na nnọchibido nke Shusha e wusiri ike. Kpara na-agbachitere ndị e kewapụrụ ike nke mgbidi. Iji tufuo a mgbochi, ndị Peasia dina mines, enwetara ekele European enyemaka. Ke adianade do, Abbas Mirza nyere iwu nri n'okpuru mgbidi a ole na ole ihe atụ nke nchikota nke Karabakh Armenia, na-enwe olileanya na a ndị mmaja esemokwu Armenian na Russian, ensconced na a ewusiri ike. Ọ bụghị ime.

Usuu ndị agha Peasia nọchigide Shusha izu asaa. Nke a na-egbu oge nke ukwuu gbanwere ụzọ ndị agha mkpọsa. The Iranians kpebiri na ya kee ihe ndị agha na-ezite 18000th detachment kwupụta Elisavetpolya (Ganja). Abbas Mirza-ele anya na nke a nghogbu ga-ekwe ka ya gaa Tiflis si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, nke ahụ ga-a zuru ezu anya na Cossacks.

Shamkhor agha

Na-Chief nke Russian agha na Caucasus General Yermolov na mmalite nke agha ọ nọ na Tbilisi, chikọta shelves. Ya mbụ atụmatụ bụ ngwa ngwa agbahapụ ka omimi nke region ịraba Peasia si n'ókèala ya. Ugbua na ọhụrụ ọnọdụ Cossacks ga nwere a pụrụ iche uru n'elu Shah agha.

Otú ọ dị, site na oge na ìgwè nke 8 puku ndị agha zukọrọ na Tbilisi, o doro anya na ndị mwakpo a rapaara n'ihi na a ogologo oge n'okpuru mgbidi Shushi. Ya mere, ihe niile nke a na mberede, malitere Russian-Persian agha. 1826 bụ na zuru siwing, Yermolov kpebiri tie azụ tupu oyi ihu igwe. Army edu Major General Madatova e zitere kwupụta Elisavetpolya kwụsị ndị iro na-ebuli nnọchibido nke Shusha.

Otu a chere ihu na onye iro tupu nche nso obodo nke Shamkir. Agha ahụ kpatara na historiography a na-akpọ Shamkhor agha. Ọ bụ na ọ na-enwe mmetụta na-arụpụta nke Russian-Persian agha nke 1826-1828. Up ka a na Iranians wakporo, ọ fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị nzute ọ bụla haziri eguzogide. Ugbu a, ha na-eche ihu a n'ezie Russian agha.

Site na oge Madatov pụtara na Azerbaijan, ndị Peasia ama precipitated Elisavetpol. Inwere site na nọchibidoro anọchibido obodo, ndị agha Russia e mkpa imebi onye iro Vanguard. September 3 na ndị sochirinụ agha, ndị Peasia furu gburu 2000 ndị mmadụ, mgbe Madatov furu efu 27 agha. N'ihi na nke meriri na Battle Shamkhor Abbas Mirza nwere ebuli nnọchibido nke Shusha na-aga shelves revenue guzo Elisavetpolem.

Ịchụpụ Peasia si Russia

Valerian Madatov iwu naanị 6 puku ndị mmadụ. Ha n'ụzọ doro anya na-agaghị ezuru ụgbọala Peasia si Yelizavetpol. Ya mere, mgbe na-emeri gburugburu Shamkhor, o mere a obere achịkwa, n'oge nke sitere ọhụrụ reinforcements si Tiflis. The nzukọ ama ada itie ke September 10. New regiments nyere n'iwu site Ivan Paskevich. O weere iwu nke ndị agha niile, so ịtọhapụ Elizavetpol.

September 13, Russian agha nọ nso n'obodo. E nwekwara ndị Peshia. The ọzọ malitere ịkwadebe maka bụrụkwa agha. Ọ malitere na ufiop shelling. The mbụ agha Persian bipu imikpu n'ihi na eziokwu na shelves efehe n'ime a ndagwurugwu na tọrọ atọ, bịara n'okpuru iro ọkụ.

Na-akpasu iwe nke Russian agha na-egwuri a bụrụkwa ọrụ Kherson ndi agha, nke e mere kpọmkwem Paskevich. Iranians ike inyere ma ndị ogbunigwe ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya a gbalịrị imegide Georgian agha iyi tojubigara ókè. Russian-Persian agha, ndị na-akpata nke bụ ọchịchọ nke Shah ọgụ ya onye agbata obi, egosiwo otu ugboro ọzọ ka ọwụwa anyanwụ style agha ahụ bụ adighi ike megide Russian agha, zụrụ azụ na ndị European n'ụzọ. Counterattack akụkụ Paskevich emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Iranians ibido gbaghachi azụ ha mbụ na ọnọdụ, na na mgbede, na ihe nile na-agafe ha.

Weere dị iche iche ọzọ ọzọ ijuanya disproportionate. General Paskevich gua 46 gburu na abụọ na narị merụrụ ahụ. The Iranians, nnù ndị gburu. Odika otu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha ahụ tọgbọrọ. Ke adianade do, Russian gara iro ogbunigwe na ọkọlọtọ. The mmeri na Elisavetpolem dugara a gbanwere. Ugbu a Russia kpebiri ihe ga-Russian-Persian agha. The results nke agha e kwupụtara gafee mba na natara dị ka onyinye ka ọhụrụ eze ukwu, bụ ndị a n'ihu ọha gosi na ha amaka dị ka onye ndú.

Mgbasa Ozi 1827

Paskevich ịga nke ọma inyocha. Ọ họpụtara ọchịagha nke eze na onye-isi Caucasus. Site October, na Iranian agha, a chụpụrụ azụ ókè-ala osimiri Araks. N'ihi ya, ọ e weghachiri na mbụ. Ndị agha nọrọ na oyi, na na n'ihu, guzosie ike a nwa oge lull. Otú ọ dị, niile ọzọ ghọtara na abụghị n'elu Russian-Persian agha (1826-1828). Nkenke, Nicholas kpebiri iji ohere nke ịga nke ọma nke ndị agha na ọ bụghị nanị na-achụpụ ndị mwakpo, ma rụchaa accession Orthodox Armenia, akụkụ nke nke ka so Shah.

Isi nzube nke Paskevich bụ obodo Erivan (Yerevan) na Erivan khanate, a mbụ nọ n'okpuru nke Iran. The agha ahụ malitere na mbubreyo mmiri. N'oge okpomọkụ nke Russian agha nyefere ihe dị mkpa nkera Sardar-Abad. Ruo mgbe August eze agha adịghị zutere oké njọ na-eguzogide. All a, Abbas Mirza nọ n'ụlọ, atụtụ ọhụrụ shelves.

Oshakanskaya agha

Ná mmalite August, na Persian nọchiri 25-puku ndị agha banyere Erivan khanate. Ndị agha ya agha obodo nke Echmiadzin, nke bụ naanị a obere Cossack agha, nakwa dị ka oge ochie Christian e wusiri ike obibi ndị mọnk. The ebe e wusiri ike nwere nnapụta squad, edu Lieutenant General Athanasios Krasovsky.

On August 17, a ole na ole nke Russian agha ke 3000 a nwoke agha site na a 30-ike agha Abbas Mirza. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị akpali akpali ngosipụta, nke na-mara bụ Russian-Persian agha. Ụbọchị Oshakanskoy agha (dị ka ọ mara na historiography) coincided na guzosie ike Kọkeshịan egwu okpomọkụ, otu mmekpa nke ndị agha niile.

The nzube Krasovsky detachment bụ inwere site na nọchibido obodo site na ok n'ohu nke onye iro. Russian rụrụ ọtụtụ ibu na ndokwa dị mkpa maka agha. The ụzọ nwere na-tọrọ site bayonets, n'ihi na ọ dịghị a ụzọ, ebe a ga-enwe ndị Peshia. Iji na-iro ọgụ, ogbunigwe chịkọtara Krasovsky, nke site na mmalite nke ọrụ emewo a putara ighe adaba shei elu. egbe firing ekweghị ka Peasia na-awakpo ndị Russian na niile ike ya, nke na-apụta ìhè, n'ihi na agha.

N'ihi ya, detachment Krasowski jisiri awabakwa Echmiadzin, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ ọ bụla ọzọ agha nke a agha e gburu ya, repulsing ọgụ nke ndị Alakụba. The ọdịda nwere ike mmụọ daa mba utịp ke niile Persian edu. Abbas Mirza oge ụfọdụ ka na-agbalị ịga nọchibido obodo, ma n'oge na-adịghị gbaghachi azụ na-eji amamihe.

The isi agha nke alaeze n'okpuru idu ndú nke Paskevich nke oge ahụ nọ na-eme atụmatụ na-awakpo Azerbaijan na-aga Tabriz. Ma ke mbubreyo August, isi natara ozi ọma nke ihe ndị dị na Echmiadzin, n'ihi na nke a gara ọzọ ogbo nke Russian-Persian agha (1826-1828). Mere Paskevich zitere a obere detachment n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, bụ mfe - na o kweere na Abbas Mirza bụ na ihe kpamkpam dị iche iche mpaghara. N'ịmata na-na isi Iranian agha na-anọchi ya n'azụ-isi jụrụ ije gaa Tabriz ma kwaga na ntụziaka nke Erivan khanate.

Inweta Yerevan

September 7, Paskevich na Krasovsky zutere na Etchmiadzin, nke na Iv nke nnọchibido di. Na kansul e kpebiri na-Armenian Erivan. Ọ bụrụ na ndị agha dị ike weghara obodo, ọ gaara na-Russian-Persian agha. 1828 bụ na-eru nso, otú Paskevich ozugbo kụrụ n'okporo ụzọ, na-enwe olileanya iji wuchaa ọrụ tupu oge oyi.

Russian-Persian agha afọ, nke mere na oge nke ịgbā na Russian ala, Otú ọ dị, egosiwo na, n'agbanyeghị ihe nile, eze ndị agha nwere ike idozi arụmọrụ ịma aka ndị kasị achọ ọnọdụ. Nicholas m, enweghị ihe mere ikwere na ọ dị mkpa ka a Protectorate ofụri nke Armenia. The ụmụ amaala obodo nke mba ndị na-Kraịst Ọtọdọks na ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ ahụhụ si na Muslim na-achị.

The mgbalị mbụ nke Armenia ka na kọntaktị na St. Petersburg mere dị ka n'oge dị ka n'oge ọchịchị nke Peter I. Ọ bụ n'oge ahụ ndị agha Russia tọhapụrụ ógbè site n'ógbè ke na South Caucasus. Paskevich, ịbụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Armenia, e kelee na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi site obodo. Ọtụtụ ndị ikom esonyela izugbe dị ka a agha.

Russian-Persian 1828 ghọrọ a ohere maka Armenia otu ugboro ọzọ na-amalite na-ebi a Christian mba. Ọ bụ a ọtụtụ n'ime ha, na na Erivan. N'ịghọta nke a, ndị Peshia ọchịagha nke ebe e wusiri ike zigara si na ndị òtù nke na-akwanyere ùgwù Armenian ezinụlọ, nke nwere ike ịkpali ụmụ amaala inupụ isi. Otú ọ dị, precautionary jikoro bụghị nyeere Iranians. Obodo ahụ weghaara site Russian agha nke October 1, 1827 mgbe a nkenke oké ifufe.

mkparita uka

na n'isi ụlọ ọrụ dị izu abụọ mgbe mmeri a, ọ bịara mara na eze ndị ọzọ ndị agha weghaara Tabriz. Nke a agha nyere n'iwu site George Eristov zitere Paskevich ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbe ọchịagha na-isi-ekpe maka Erevan. Nke a mmeri ikpeazụ n'ihu-akara omume, nke a maara maka Russian-Persian agha (1826-1828). Udo nkwekorita dị mkpa Shah. Agha ya furu efu niile usoro agha. Ọzọkwa, ugbu a ndị eze regiments nwere akụkụ nke ya n'ókèala.

Ya mere, na mmalite nke oyi, mba abụọ malitere ịgbanwe-ekwuchitere mba na truce. Ha zutere na Turkmanchay - a obere obodo nso weghaara Tabriz. Nkwekọrịta aka n'ebe a February 10, 1828, chịkọtara Russian-Persian agha (1826-1828). N'ihi na Russia niile uru matara ha, na eze ndị agha mere na aga na esemokwu. Ke adianade do, alaeze ukwu okpueze nwetara ọhụrụ territorial mbụ. Ọ bụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Armenia na isi obodo nke Yerevan na Nakhchivan Khanate. The Iranians kwetara-akwụ a nnukwu indemnity (20 nde silver rubles). ha onwe-ha dịgidere ya na-abụghị nnyonye anya na Orthodox Armenia resettlement usoro n'ala nna ha.

The njedebe nke esemokwu

Ọ bụ na-akpali na otu nke eze ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo bụ a diplomaati na onye dere Alexander Griboyedov. Ọ wee akụkụ ke ntụle nke ọnọdụ n'okpuru nke biri Russian-Persian agha (1826-1828). Na nkenke, na nkwekorita amasịghị ndị Iranians. A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị malitere a ọhụrụ Russian-Turkish agha, ndị Peasia nwara emerụ ọnọdụ nke ụwa.

Iji dozie esemokwu ahụ, Tehran zigara otu ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo, nke e mere Griboyedov. Na 1829, ndị nnọchiteanya na-brutally gburu site na islam fanatics. Gburu Ọtụtụ na-ekwuchitere mba. Shah zigara St. Petersburg-ọgaranya onyinye-ekpuchi ndị asịrị. Nicholas na-aga n'ihi na esemokwu, na kemgbe ahụ, ndị agbata obi nwere ogologo udo.

Griboyedov si mutilated elìe na Tbilisi. Emi odude ke ọhụrụ atọhapụ ndị Iranians Yerevan, o bu ụzọ na ogbo ya kasị ama play "Ahụhụ ga-adịrị si ama". N'ihi ya biri na Russian-Persian agha. Udo nkwekorita kwere ike ọtụtụ ọhụrụ anāchi achi, na ebe ọ bụ na mgbe ahụ South Caucasus bụ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu ruo mgbe ọdịda nke ọchịchị ndị eze.