Spaceports USA: atụmatụ na foto

Iberibe na ohere na onye ọ bụla na-agafe n'ụbọchị na-aghọ mfe ọzọ inweta. N'ihi na ndị dị njikere iji kwụọ ụgwọ fabulous ego ole na ole nkeji nọrọ n'èzí ikuku, na Federal Office nke Civil Aviation nke United States wepụtara a kemfe map, nke akara niile US spaceports. A ndepụta ugbu a gọọmenti etiti saịtị gbakwunyere ihe ọmụma banyere onwe ụlọ ọrụ mere maka ohere igba egbe ugbo ala.

Gịnị bụ spaceports?

Launching pad na-eji na-amalite orbital ma ọ bụ suborbital ugbo ala n'ime mbara. Ha na-enye mwekota nke na-amalite mmiri, enye mmanụ ụgbọala, ọrụ ugbo elu ma mee ka ha payload. Spaceports eme ka o kwe na-emepụta kwụ na vetikal takeoff na ọdịda. Si ohere igba egbe ụgbọala na-eme njem site otu ebe a na-akpọ egbe ebe, nke a na-emekarị onwem na nsuso na ngwá na-enweta telemetry. Ọ dị mkpa inyocha ụgbọala ya ruo mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma na igba egbe n'ime orbit ma laghachi Earth. Ndị a na usoro ike ga-eji ịchọ reusable nkebi.

The Federal Aviation Administration na United States azụmahịa ohere njem ikikere onwe na igba egbe na saịtị nke mba.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị spaceports na US?

Site na njedebe nke 2015 na United States, e nwere 19 ifịk pad, 8 nke ndị gọọmenti etiti, 9 - azụmahịa, ejikwara site ụlọ ọrụ gọọmenti, na mmekorita ya na onwe ụlọ ọrụ, na otu onye bụ nke mahadum. N'ime ndị a, 4 na-iji na-agba ọsọ na a ala n'ụwa orbit, 9 na-eji nanị maka sub-orbital ebupụta na 5 na-eluigwe na ala.

Ọzọkwa, e nwere 3 unlicensed ihe na nke na-ebupụta nwere ike rụrụ ikikere ma ọ bụ ikike na ugbo ala. Ebe ọ bụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na aka na data cosmodrome were akụ ụta nke ya mmepụta, mkpa iji nweta ikike maka igba egbe na mpe mpe akwa na-achọrọ. Ndị a gụnyere:

• n'elu ikpo okwu "Odyssey" usoro "Sea Launch", iji «Zenit 3PL" akụ ụta;
• cosmodrome "McGregor" Texas ụlọ ọrụ SpaceX, ebe anwale agụ nkwọ 9R;
• Ama egwuregwu nso Van Horn, Texas, Blue Mmalite ụlọ ọrụ.

US spaceports, nke adị n'oge ugbu nwere ike kere atọ nnukwu iche iche. Ha na-emi odude ke Pacific n'ụsọ oké osimiri, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na na etiti na n'ebe ndịda Atlantic n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

Pacific otu

US spaceports na Pacific Ocean abụọ igba egbe na saịtị. Nke mbụ bụ ikpo okwu "Sea Launch", nke bụ na mbụ a na nkwonkwo Norwegian-Russian-Ukrainian-American. Mgbe odida nke 2009 onwe Kaiser na Space Corporation "Energia" nke Russia ghọrọ ya isi nwe. N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ na US eji ikpo okwu na igba egbe azụmahịa Satellites.

Nke abụọ - a-egosi na ala Reagan - emi odude ke Marshall Islands. Launch na mpe mpe akwa a na-emi odude ke Atoll nke Kwajalein na Aur, na Teta Island. Ọ na-eji dị ka a ule na saịtị maka ballistic agba, agha na-azara ọnụ na usoro, ohere na Meteorological research mmemme, nakwa dị ka nyochaa Satellites ọrụ. N'àgwàetiti omelek agwaetiti dị azụmahịa igba egbe na saịtị maka SpaceX.

Launch okụre Alaska

Alaska na-nwere US spaceports. Launch mgbagwoju "Kodiak", nke specializes na-etinye na satellite n'ime a pola orbit, na nnyocha landfill Poker Ewepụghị, ekesịpde site na Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, ebupụta rọketi na nkà mmụta sayensị na ngwá maka nha na elu ikuku.

Launch mgbagwoju "Kodiak"

"Kodiak" otu ebe 1500 hectare bụ naanị elu-ohere amalite mgbagwoju nke United States. Mgbe 54th ohere n'àgwàetiti Kodiak bụ Nerrou - Cape Spaceport USA, bụ ọkachamara n'ihe pola ebupụta eji maka Satellites na orbit. Best nke ya ụdị ihe owuwu na-agụnye abụọ na saịtị (onye ọ orbital flights, na ọzọ maka suborbital), 17 na-storey ụlọ iwu ụta na a dị ọcha ụlọ maka nkwadebe nke Satellites. On mgbagwoju e a-ewu nke atọ ogbo, nke ga-emepụta ihe incredibly ngwa ngwa mmalite - erughị 24 awa a ga-ẹkenịmde si nnyefe na-amalite.

Malite California ebe

Na mgbakwunye na abụọ US Air Force Base, "Vandenberg" na "Edwards", nke na-eji maka ibuo agbaba, na California e nwere abụọ igba egbe site, "California" na "Mojave." Na ha na-akpali mmasị n'ezie! N'afọ 2004, nke "Mojave" akpa nke ọma naanị ego ohere igba egbe SpaceShipOne nka. Na California, na-dabeere "California Office Space," nke ọ nweghị ike na-enweghị, n'ihi ya kwụsịrị ịdị adị.

Spaceport "California"

Mgbe airbase "Vandenberg" na Lompoc, California, ebe ọ bụ na 1999, na-arụ ọrụ ndị kasị ochie ikikere azụmahịa spaceport na United States, aha nke - na spaceport "California". Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ naanị n'ụzọ zuru ezu azụmahịa eweta na mba - ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ọha ego. Isi ebe mgbakọ bụ mmalite nke 8th ohere igba egbe mgbagwoju ma ọ bụ SLC-8. Ọ bụ ike inye ma pola na ballistic trajectory eji obere osooso klas "Minotaur" blocks.

Aerokosmoport "Mojave"

Wuru na airfield na naval ogbunigwe nso nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, aerokosmoport "Mojave" aghọwo otu n'ime ndị mbụ ule saịtị maka oji ugboelu. Malite na agha omume na n'oge 1990s, ọ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka nnukwu aha ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke azụmahịa suborbital na orbital flights, gụnyere SpaceShipOne, ndibọhọ Ansari X chọr'inwe na 2004, XCOR Aerospace, Masten Space Systems na orbital Science Corp.

South-n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ

Ebe a, ọ bụla ala na US na spaceport. New Mexico, Texas na Oklahoma - ha niile ha igba egbe pad, na New Mexico okpon akan. On "enchanting Land" (ukara aha otutu nke ala) e wuru spaceport "America", nke na mgbe ụfọdụ na-eziga ndị njem nleta na ohere.

Spaceport "America"

Desert Jordana del Muerto, New Mexico - a ebe Spaceport USA "America", nke ghọrọ ụwa mbụ nzube-wuru azụmahịa isi na a launching na mpe mpe akwa maka oji aerospace ụlọ ọrụ Virgin Galactic, SpaceX, UP Aerospace na Armadillo Aerospace. Gbaara LEED usoro, ihe na-ekpuchi banyere 62 puku sq. M. m na hanga agụnye abụọ abụọ-elu nke ebe 4400 sq. m na Mission Control Center. The spaceport nwere ike ruru si n'obodo dị nso irenti Eziokwu ma ọ bụ Konsikuenses.

On agha iche White ájá enwe nile di iche iche nke nnukwu na-agbawa agbawa ihe, na mgbe ụfọdụ ọkụ nso ohere. Ke adianade do, e debere mbụ nuclear ule na saịtị na ụwa. Ma, ọ bụghị a-akpali nnọọ mmasị ebe.

Spaceport "Oklahoma"

Emi odude ke n'etiti Oklahoma n'efu, na spaceport nwere otu nke kasị ogologo runways na North America (4115 m). Nchikota na a oghere na-enweghị na-efe efe ụgbọelu elu-igwe, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ na United States, nke bụ isiokwu ndị agha na ụgbọ elu mgbochi, nke bụ ezigbo maka azụmahịa ugbo ala na a kwụ takeoff na ọdịda. E nwekwara dabeere ụlọ ọrụ Armadillo Aerospace, ọ bụ ezie na ya prototype amị n'ọnwa ugboelu e mere naanị maka vetikal takeoff na ọdịda. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, e nwere ọbụna a 9-onu golf N'ezie.

Spaceports na Texas

Na Texas, e bu igba egbe na mpe mpe akwa nke nkeonwe ohere enterprise isi na multi-Billionaire nchoputa nke Amazon Dzheff Bezosa Blue Mmalite. Ma nke a bụ a ule igba egbe site, ma ikekwe na-eme n'ọdịnihu, ọ ga-aghọ ebe dị mma maka njem nleta njem n'ime ohere na azụ.

Na McGregor ụlọ ọrụ SpaceX emeela a igba egbe na mpe mpe akwa ule nke engine Merlin 1D na agụ nkwọ 9 rọketi na ukpana.

Central na n'ebe ndịda Atlantic n'ụsọ oké osimiri

Na Virginia, e nwere ihe abụọ na igba egbe pad - Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (Mars) na NASA spaceport na Wallops Island. Mars eziga mmiri n'ime oghere ruru ka tax uru "efu mpo - efu ụtụ isi". On Wallops NASA ulo oru a rọketi. Ka ihe atụ, September 6, 2013 si ebe a ama nyocha na-amụ na-amị n'ọnwa ikuku na gburugburu ebe obibi - n'ihi na oge mbụ na mpụga nke Florida, ebe isi spaceport USA.

Emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Virginia, ndị e wuru ihe owuwu ke 1945 ka e si aerodynamic ule na dị ka orbital igba egbe owuwu. Kemgbe ahụ, na Wallops malitere ihe karịrị 16,000 rọketi, tinyere n'oge prototypes nke "Mercury" na LADEE.

N'okpuru nduzi nke Office nke Commercial Space Flight of Virginia, na Mars-arụ ọrụ abụọ igba egbe pad: Kedo akwa 0A, nke a na ikikere site na FAA maka nnyefe nke payloads erikpu ruo 5 tọn na ala Earth orbit, na Kedo akwa 0B, ikwe mmeputa 3.8 ise payload na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na obere ugbo ala dị ka "Minotaur IV nke" ma ọ bụ "Minuteman". Ke adianade omenala siri ike-mmiri mmiri mmanụ a na-enye ohere ka ị na-agba ọsọ ahụ ngwakọ ụgbọala.

Ebe mbụ egbe nke ihe kwurula ibu lọjistik ugboelu Cygnus orbital Sciences Corporation na osisi ya ụgbọelu rọketi "Antares" e mepụtara cosmodrome Mars. Cygnus, ndorodoro Dragon Capsule Ilọn Musk, ihe ịga nke ọma anya September 18, 2013 ụbọchị anọ gafere, o ruru ISS, kwụsịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ma nyefee 980 n'arọ nke onunu.

Cape Canaveral

Isi US igba egbe saịtị dị na steeti Florida. N'ihi ya, ndị launching na nchikota nke "Apollo" omume na 1960 na 1970. na usoro mgbagharị Space Shuttle na 1980-2000-ies. "Space Coast" na-agụnye Space Center NASA si John F. Kennedy Air Force Station na US igba egbe saịtị na Cape Canaveral.

Mgbe mmezu nke usoro ihe omume ndị mgbagharị ojii BBC na Kennedy Space Center meghere ka azụmahịa rụzuru. Ọnụ, ndị a ụlọ ọrụ nwere atọ ifịk pad na abụọ ifịk runways maka kwụ agbaba n'etiti ha.

Malite okụre 46 na 20 na-isi na igba egbe ikpo okwu Canaveral. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ iji nabata n'etiti-klas agba "Lockheed Athena" ma ọ bụ "Taurus" na ballistic agba "Trident II of" na "Minuteman". The abụọ set e wuru na-ejere obere sub-orbital igba egbe na usoro LiteStar, Terrier, Orion na ASAS.

Spaceport "Cecil Field"

Na 2010, Federal Aviation Administration United States mma na e kere eke nke Jacksonville spaceport "Cecil Field" na saịtị nke na-anọghịzi n'ọrụ isi eponymous naval ụgbọelu. Launch na mpe mpe akwa nwetara a ikike na 2010, na na na ọ na-ama na ndị dị mkpa ego na-akwado mmeghari ịgbasapụ ulo oru ugbo ala. Na igba egbe na saịtị na-runways ogologo nke 3800, 2400 na 1200 m, ọzọ mepere emepe taxiways na akpọkwa cosmoport. Ha ga-agwụ agwụ site na njedebe nke afọ.

Taa, ohere flights nọ mgbanwe. Research na agha ọnwụnwa-anọgide na-achị, ọ bụ ezie na na-ebupụta nke azụmahịa Satellites amalite ogide na-arịwanye elu nke oge a rọketi na ohere ụlọ ọrụ. Space njem site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Virgin Galactic na ikekwe, Blue Mmalite kwere nkwa ọhụrụ ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, Otú ọ dị, mgbe a price na bụ ugbu a dị ka ole na ole.

New US igba egbe na saịtị na omume dị ka Space X, na-egosi otú ihe e ka ụlọ maka ọhụrụ.