The kasị mara mma castles nke Russia (photos)

Castle - a ebe e wusiri ike nke feudal onyenwe ya. The okwu "igbachi" na "feudal" bụ ihe dị mkpa ka Western Europe. Na Russia, ka ikpo ha ihe kwesịrị ekwesị okwu "Kremlin" na "onye nwe ulo". Ọbụna nnukwu Russian nwe ala enweghị akpọchi. Ndi ala.

Na mba anyị, e nwere ihe dị ka 100 akpọkwa na-ada n'okpuru definition nke "nnukwu ụlọ", "Kremlin", "nkera", "ebe e wusiri ike". Na otú kpọmkwem akpa? N'ihi na mgbe niile na nnukwu ụlọ - ọ bụ kpọmkwem nkera, na-emekwa ọ bụghị Kremlin.

Akpọchi bụghị naanị na West

Russian ochie castles emi odude ke n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke mba ahụ. Ugbu a, ọ bụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta, n'ihi na ha na wuru n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na Middle Ages. Ma na XIX narị afọ, e nwere ụfọdụ ụlọ ke ẹbọ nke European obí eze nke ochie ebe siri ike na Russia. Na, na-achọ ha, ị na-aghọta na nke a bụ nnukwu ụlọ, dị ka a kọwara na akụkọ ifo, na na na-ewu nke adaeze bi. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ihe nwute na fọrọ nke nta niile nke ha na-ugbu a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ.

Swedish wusiri ike

Chebere oge ochie Russian castles osụk dị otú ahụ a pearl dị ka Vyborg Castle, nke bụ nke a ole na ole nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta, ẹnịm fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam. Emi odude ke Leningrad region ihe bụ ezi ihe nlereanya nke Western European ochie agha ije. Ọ e wuru a ogologo oge - site na 1293 na afọ 1894. Anyị na-azụ ya na Swedes, mgbe ọ gara nke atọ agha ntụte ka Karelia, na-arụrụ Novgorod Ukwu ahụ. Kpamkpam Ebibi wusiri ike Karels, mbụ dị na Castle Island, na Swedes nwere wuru ebe a a na nnukwu ụlọ, mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ nke nke ruru 2 mita, ndị toro oké ogologo ụlọ elu, ọ ruru anọ mita.

Ọ bụghị otú ahụ apụghị imeri emeri

Ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ, ndị dị ike na nnukwu ụlọ e reconstructed ọtụtụ ugboro, na we di ike, mbịne n'ime ihe-apụghị imeri emeri ebe e wusiri ike. Otú ọ dị, Peter m na 1710 mgbe a 2-ọnwa nnọchibido were bụ obí eze. Ọ na-e kpamkpam weghachiri eweghachi, na Russian agha guzo n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe a nnọọ ike ọkụ, nke mere na 1856, na nnukwu ụlọ tara ahụhụ, ma site na njedebe nke XIX na narị afọ ya ọzọ na zuru dị na omenala ndepụta, weghachiri eweghachi. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na nnukwu ụlọ a abụghị merụrụ ahụ. Ugbu a, ọ ụlọ ndị eponymous ngosi nka.

Na nga na-emebi castles naiti

The ndepụta "gbachiri nke Russia" nwere ike ịnọgide na a ọzọ okorobịa na ndụ Butyrsky obí eze. Otú ọ dị, nke a bụ a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ebe e wusiri ike. Ọ mbụ e wuru site iwu nke Catherine II dị ka a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo ke ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Matvei Kazakov. Anọ gburugburu elu dị na nkuku nke nnukwu ụlọ. Ke n'etiti bụ a temple na bibiri Bolsheviks. Ugbu a Butyrka eji maka ya bipụta ya, nzube: ọ bụ kasị njide eweta na Moscow.

The ndepụta "Old Russian castles" na-agụnye Insterburg, emi odude ke Kaliningrad mpaghara. Nke a bastion e wuru Master Dietrich von Altenburg na 1336. Nnukwu ụlọ e merụsịrị mebiri emebi n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Ma, e nwere olileanya na ọ ga-weghachiri eweghachi, ma n'ọrụ mweghachi a na-aga nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ. Nke a ihe a maara kwa afọ knightly tournaments.

Pearl nke Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri

The kasị mara mma castles nke Russia nwere ike na-anọchite anya "ilo akwu." Ọ bụ ezie na site na a n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a ọhụrụ ụlọ, ọ bụ otú ahụ mara mma, nke ihunanya na reminiscent nke oge ochie European castles na-eleghara na ọ bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume. Ọ e wuru-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Leonidom Shervudom, nke nna ya bụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo nke Historical Museum na Red Square. Sam Historical Museum na-echetakwara Castle, na Old ụlọ elu n'otu oge. O wue "ilo akwu" na 1911, Agbaghara ala nna ya Germany Baron von Steinheil. Na Russia, ọ na-aka na mmepe nke Baku mmanụ. Pearl nke Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-emi odude a dị n'elu ugwu Aurora, n'ebe ịdị elu nke 40 mita n'elu oké osimiri, na nso nso obodo nta nke Gaspra na Cape Ai-Todor.

Castle Northern Capital

St. Michael si ma ọ bụ Engineer, nnukwu ụlọ na St. Petersburg, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe ndị kasị mma, kasị ncheta nke ije, nke ahụ na akụkọ nke ije nke Northern isi obodo nke XVIII narị afọ. M nyere ya iwu Paul I. Nke a mmiri nnukwu ụlọ ghọrọ oche nke ọnwụ ya. Author nke oru ngo - Vincenzo Brenna, afọ nke owuwu - 1797-1801. Ọ na-akpọ ya Ọdịdị a chọrọ ka temple Mihaila Arhangela (chi nke House of Romanov), bụ onye na alaeze ukwu ulo. Castle gwakwara ya na-akpọ onwe ya Paul m, n'ihi na onye ọ bụla raved banyere Europe, ma e wezụga, were Grand Master nke Order of Malta aha, nke na-adịghị ona ibi mansion ma ọ bụ obí eze.

Akpọchi Kaliningrad region

Specific okwu kwesịrị akpọchi Russia, emi odude na ókèala nke Kaliningrad mpaghara. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ na ogbenye ọnọdụ. E wezụga ndị n'elu kwuru banyere Insterburg, ebe a na e nwere naanị ẹnịm ụlọ elu Teutonic mkpọchi, nke na-akọ na-ewu nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ (ezumike obodo). Castle Wald (Lower Village), tọrọ ntọala na 1264, bụ otu n'ime atọ ẹnịm castles nke Kaliningrad mpaghara.

Ọzọ abụọ - Georgenburg dị nso Chernyakhovsk na Tapiau nnukwu ụlọ na na-eche ha nche. All n'ime ha nọ na tọrọ ntọala site na Knights nke Teutonic Order. Tapiau mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ e ghọọ a n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na na na 2013, ndị mkpọrọ, e zigara ya, ma na nnukwu ụlọ zigara-achị obodo iji weghachi. E nwere nke dị n'ógbè na n'omume bibie ochie (mbụ e zoro ụbọchị azụ 1257) nnukwu ụlọ Shaak.

Ekwu okwu nke na Kaliningrad region, anyị apụghị ileghara 4-kpakpando nnukwu ụlọ hotel Nesselbeck, stylized ochie. Ọ bụ nke a mara mma okorobịa n'ime obodo nke Orlovka. Ịmepụtagharịa dị ka ochie Eserese, ọ na-onwem na ihe nile dị mkpa maka ihe ndị kasị nghọta njem.

Moscow akpọchi

Russia mara mma castles e na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. N'ezie, agbakọta ukwuu n'ime ke XIX narị afọ, ha na e kere n'okpuru nduzi nke European akụkụ, nke-enwe mmasị n'ebe ndị Russian moneybags, bụ ndị chọrọ ka nwere n'ụlọ a mpempe ochie Europe. Ọ bụ na ala ịta ahịhịa, e nwere ọtụtụ ala na style of Gothic castles ma ọ bụ obí eze. Ma anyị ga-arịba ama na Russian ụlọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-adakpọ.

echefu mma

Hapuru Russian akpọchi, na-edebe metụtara nke ya mbụ na ịma mma na ịdị ukwuu, gịnị mere na-adịghị weghachiri eweghachi. Na otú ihe ọma ha ga-eweghachi, nwere ike hụrụ si ala na ụlọ Podushkino. Baroness Castle Mayendorf, stylized ochie knightly ụlọ a na-nwe, na na chọọchị bụ oghe maka nleta. Nnukwu ụlọ dị nnọọ mma, ma ọ bụ nwezuga. Ọ bụ kechioma n'ihi na ọ bụ nke dị n'ókèala Barvikha na obodo bi agaghị agbakasị gị anya mkpọmkpọ ebe. Hapuru Russian akpọchi (foto mmasị), dị ka Muromtsevo mansion, emi odude n'etiti Vladimir na Moore, Assumption na Vasilyevskaya manor, ozugbo ndị kasị mma ụlọ, ọ dịghị ụzọ usụhọde ka Western licked prototypes ime ka mwute. A abụọ-akụkọ chọọchị, dị adịghị anya site Bykovo ọdụ - bụghị Princess Castle? The chepụtara na-ekewet oké Bazhenov.

Olileanya, ndị a pụrụ iche ihe na-adịghị akwụsị ihu nke ụwa.