The kasị mara mma Metro ọdụ, Moscow. List ihe ndị kasị mma ụgbọ nke Moscow Metro

Na 1935 ọ na-emeghe alaka mbụ nke Moscow Metro ebe "Sokolniki" - "Park Kultury". Ya na-ewu na-ewepụtara ndị Soviet ndị mmadụ hụrụ n'anya na ihe nkiri "Volunteers". Metrostroevtsy ọrụ n'oge bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị akwanyere ùgwù, na ọtụtụ prestigious, kwa.

The kasị mara mma ihe

Mgbe isi obodo nnọọ mkpa na-ewu ụgbọ oloko, na ajụjụ nke mara mma anya nke ebe bụghị na burukwa. Kasị mara mma ọdụ ụgbọ oloko (Moscow) e wuru mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe ndị obodo-eto eto egosiwo na ụwa abụghị naanị uru agha ike, ma na-ụzọ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na a ole na ole tupu agha ụlọ ọrụ bụ n'etiti iri kasị mara mma.
Ke ofụri ofụri, dum na ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na Moscow, 44 ụgbọ nke 190 ẹdude ghọtara dị akpọkwa omenala nketa, nwere ike na-atụle ihe ndị kasị akpali akpali na ụwa. Nsuso na-eduga ihe ọ bụghị mgbe niile-adaba. Ihe atụ, otu na ndepụta nke "Ọtụtụ mara mma ọdụ ụgbọ oloko (Moscow)" isi "Kiev", ọzọ - "Komsomolskaya", na ebe ke akpa bụ "Arbat". Ọtụtụ mgbe, na niile ratings izute nkwụsị "Komsomolskaya", "Kiev", "mgbanwe Square", "Mayakovskaya" na "Novoslobodskaya". Ọ bụ ezie na ị nwere ike mfe iche na ọ bụrụ na 44 ụgbọ bụ akpọkwa omenala nketa, ha na-ike-ekwu na aha nke kasị mma. Ọ ga-abụ na-achọsi ike ka ikweta na-egosi na brackets nke isi obodo - a otutu yiri ụgbọ n'ebe ahụ ma na ndị ọzọ Russian obodo na ọbụna mba ndị agbata obi.

The okè nke ụdị na ọdịnaya

"Underground n'obí", nke-atọ ụtọ ma nnọọ onye ọ bụla na a ga na-eje ozi ndị mmadụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ, e wuru tumadi ka ufọt ufọt 50s, ya bụ, ruo mgbe ọnwụ nke Stalin. Ọtụtụ mgbe ka kwuru na dị ka ndị kasị mma ebe "Mayakovskaya", na ngo ya Ụwa Fair na New York na 1939, ọ na-ọdịda nke Grand Prix.
International nwa anụmanụ ọdịda na "Kropotkinskaya" (Grand Prix na ihe ngosi na Brussels 1951) na "Red Gate" (Grand Prix na 1938 na Paris), na na na afọ ndị ahụ, mgbe mba asị ndị Soviet anya ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ya mere, n'ezie, a oru ngo na-a okè nke ụdị, na ha deservedly wee n'ime ụwa akwụkwọ na ije.

furu efu mma

"Stalin na ụzọ ụgbọ oloko" - na-akpọ mara mma ebe okirikiri akara na Bas-tụrụ, akpụ, mosaics na a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ n'obí Chandeliers, aha na akwụkwọ, bipụtara na 2011, raara na ụzọ ụgbọ oloko. The akwụkwọ dị mkpa, n'ihi na nke ukwuu nke mbụ ịma mma nke ndị a ihe na-efu dị ka a n'ihi nke nwughari, mma ma na-achịkwa ndị Stalin àgwà òtù nzuzo, nke rụpụtara na-ebibi ihe niile e kere na hà ịhụnanya na servility.

"The proletarian palaces"

Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị n'elu ntụpọ na ndepụta "Ọtụtụ mara mma ọdụ ụgbọ oloko" (Moscow) ewe "Komsomolskaya" - a mgbanaka - na na na-ekwu banyere ya n'ebe ahụ bụ nke mbụ. Ọ n'ezie anya dị ka a eze, na otú ọ bụ naanị n'ihi na nke a na-amaghị: na "apotheosis nke Stalin alaeze", na "onye ikpeazụ temple Shchusev."
Si okwu ikpeazụ o doro anya na na isi nke otu ìgwè nke architects, oru ngo, guzo A. V. Schusev - ede akwụkwọ nke Kazan n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ụlọ, Lenin si Mausoleum na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama ụlọ. Meghere na 1952, ọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ nke "Kursk" na "-Atụmanya Mira". A ọdụ ụgbọ oloko "Komsomolskaya" na meghere ke 1935 Sokolniki akara. Ọ bụ ma ama n'ihi ịbụ ndị mbụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè rutere ebe a, na eziokwu ahụ bụ na e nwere ihe abụọ pụrụ iche majolica ogwe mere dị ka osise Lansere. Na 1952 ọ nọ na-ejikọrọ na nyefe nke "Komsomolskaya" -ring. Nke ikpeazụ a na-mma na 8 fabulous ogwe ejikọrọ na otu isiokwu - oké mmeri nke Russian spirit na ngwá agha. Ha na-kere si dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume na glazes na osise site P. D. Korina.

Ghọtara site obodo nke uwa

Ya mere, anyị na-anọgide na-echeta ihe ndị kasị mma ụgbọ nke Moscow Metro. The ndepụta nwere ike dịgide, "Mayakovskaya", oghe September 11, 1938. Ọ na-emi odude n'etiti akwụsị "Belarus '(dị n'ebe ugwu) na" Tverskaya "(ndịda) na akara Zamoskvoretskaya. Ọ na-emi odude n'okpuru center nke isi obodo, na Tver mpaghara. Author nke oru ngo osisi aha mgbe V. V. Mayakovskogo - a so na Academy of Architecture nke USSR, ugboro atọ na-eto eto nke na Stalin Nrite Aleksey Nikolaevich Dushkin. Ọ - na-ede akwụkwọ nke oru nke ala ụlọ ọrụ dị ka "mgbanwe Square", "Novoslobodskaya" (agha oru ngo), "Avtozavodskaya" na "Kropotkinskaya".

Station ọsụ ụzọ

thumbnail ede mosaics ebe "Mayakovskaya" bụ ọ na-erughị ama Soviet artist Alexander Deineka. "Mayakovskaya" bụ ụwa mbụ miri-larịị ojii (34 mita) nke kọlụm ụdị. Ọ trehsvodnaya.
Gịnị ka ọ pụtara? Na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ihe ndị kasị mma ọdụ ụgbọ oloko (Moscow obụrede mbụre ọtụtụ nnukwu na aesthetically ẹnamde anya ụkpụrụ ụlọ akpọkwa nke ụdị, ma nke a - n'ezie pụrụ iche) mejupụtara atọ ụlọ - Central na abụọ mpụta. Ọ bụla ọnụ ụlọ abụọ dị n'akụkụ ihe na-emeghe mgbaaka lining ha vaults ịdabere na ha nkịtị ogidi. N'ihi ya aha nke imewe - trehsvodchataya chịrị. Longitudinal Egwulegwu lends ebube ihe.

A pụrụ iche mmewere nke mma

Ya icho mma 35 mara mma mosaics mere ndokwa na domes, nke na-dị na n'uko nke etiti ulo, n'etiti ulo-nbata. Otú ọ dị, ịhụ ha, ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya welie isi. Nke a na-ezo aka ọghọm nke ebe a na-akpọ "Mayakovskaya". Ọ nwere ike na-ahụ kwukwara na oru ngo bụ na mbụ na aha nke kwụsịrị bụ dị iche iche - "Triumph Square", ma na-edebe ya chere na Italian Renaissance style. Ma "Mmeri Square", n'okpuru nke ndị na-ewu a owuwu e zubere, renamed "Mayakovsky Square", ọdụ natara otu aha.

Kwuru karịa ndị ọzọ

Gịnị ihe esiwak odude ke akpa akara nke ndepụta "Ọtụtụ mara mma ọdụ ụgbọ oloko na Moscow?" "Kiev"! Mepee ọ bụ March 14, 1954. Ná mmalite ọ turu ime dị ka ndị kasị mara mma. N. S. Hruschevu, ugbua na ike, si otú chọrọ dịgide ala ha Republic. Ọ mara ọkwa a iwu, na nke 73 oru họọrọ ka na-arụ ọrụ Ukrainian ndị dere ya.
The ebe mgbakọ na-timed ka ndị 300th ncheta nke reunification nke Ukraine na Russia. The ebe emechi gburugburu akara. Ọ, kwa, miri ntọala, ma pylon (akwado Ọdịdị bụ pylons). 18 ogwe nke glazes icho mma a masterpiece nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ art.

Mara mma na mbụ

Gaa n'ihu ndepụta nke "kasị mma Moscow Metro ọdụ," na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na-edu ya na nri nwere ike "mgbanwe Square" - kwụsị, emi odude ke Arbat - Pokrovskaya akara, meghere na 1938, 13 March. Nade ye ya "Kursk" na "Arbat". Ọ dị iche n'ebe ndị ọzọ na contenders nke mbụ n'usoro na rankings ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na bụ ma ama na-mosaics na ọkpụkpụ. 76 ọla onu ogugu enwere ugbua 18 arches n'elu amaokwu ka ọdịda n'elu ikpo okwu. Arches akwado pylons (akwado ogidi) nke ebe ulo. All nke ọkpụkpụ na-anọchi anya ụmụ amaala nke USSR na dị iche iche oge nke ya guzobere (site October 1917 ruo mgbe ụbọchị nke ha oruru na 1937) na-mere na ogbako nke Leningrad ìgwè nke na-akpụ ihe edu Matvey Manizer. Ọ bụrụ na nke a abụghị ihe ndị kasị mma ọdụ ụgbọ oloko na Moscow, mgbe ahụ, na-kasị mbụ na-agaghị echefu echefu.

gbara ya gburugburu nkwenkwe ụgha

Ọ na-ama ama site na ndị bi na Moscow. E nwere ọtụtụ nkwenkwe ndị a na-ọla ọgụgụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ete ha nọ n'otu ebe na, "akwụsị" obi ụtọ - na ọtụtụ ihe ọkpụkpụ nwere a na-egbuke egbuke, polished aka karịa otu ọgbọ nke bi ebe nke isi obodo. Dị ka ihe atụ, ụmụ akwụkwọ ete imi Watchdog, ma malite ete ya fọrọ nke nta kemgbe oruru. All anọ nkịta, na onye ọ bụla n'ọnụ ọnụ na-egbu maramara ka a na-enwu. E nwere oyiyi nke roosters - ha ụlọ akwụkwọ ji agwụ na-agbakwunye na-akwụ ụgwọ.
Na nkenke, maka bi na Moscow nwere ọdụ, na ha dị nnọọ ụtọ nke ya. A ọla ọgụgụ n'oge agha e zigara gbapụ na Kazakhstan. The imewe "mgbanwe Square" bụ a pylon trehsvodchatoy, miri ntọala. Ọ bụ ntughari ka ọdụ "Ụlọ ihe nkiri", na ha nwere a nkịtị n'ọnụ ụlọ ogologo.

The ikpeazụ ọrụ nke acclaimed-nwe

The ikpeazụ ọrụ A. N. Dushkina - ebe "Novoslobodskaya", meghere na 1952 - a na-fọrọ nke nta mgbe esịne ke ndepụta na ise na-akpọ "The kasị mara mma Moscow Metro ụgbọ". Photo,-egosi n'okpuru, n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akwado ya ikike a ebe a na ndepụta. Ke adianade do, ya pụrụ iche n'ọnụ ụlọ ogologo, emi odude ke otu n'okporo ámá, yiri ihe ụlọ nsọ oge ochie, a owuwu ụzọ mbata n'ihu facade nke nwere 6 fluted (na vetikal grooves) ogidi. Ọ dịghị obere ebube na ndị mara mma na avant escalator Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze. Ihe a haziri nke a na ebe - pylons miri ntọala. Ya "mgbawa" ma ọ bụ na-egbuke egbuke mmewere imewe na-elaborately ìhè vitrage 32. Ha na-arụpụtara site iko Latvian nka, tubà ugegbe ụka. Original na nghọta Chandeliers. M ga tinye na na onye ọ bụla nke ụgbọ nke Moscow Metro, karịsịa ndị na-na-akpọkwa omenala nketa, na nabatara umu ohere ka akowaputara, na engineering mgbawa, ọmụma.

Ọzọ "Russian Beauty"

Na isi obodo nke mere ọtụtụ ihe magburu onwe osisi ndị na-egbuke egbuke ma na nlegharị anya nke Moscow, na n'otu oge akpọkwa njem nleta njem. Ya mere, dị ka ọtụtụ, ihe ndị kasị mma ebe nke Moscow Metro - "Arbat", meghere ke 1953. Ọ bụ ndị kasị ibu mepere ibe ọnụ. Wuru na a pụrụ iche oru ngo: cross-ngalaba nke pylon, miri-larịị ojii nwere elliptical udi, style of n'ime ime mma bụ nke Moscow Baroque. "Arbatskaja" - bụ nnọọ ogologo, nke abụọ mgbe "Sparrow Hills", na ọ dịghị nwere mechiri emechi anya. N'ihi nhọrọ nke na agba, ya anya nke ukwuu festive.

Ndị kasị dị ịrịba ncheta nke Stalin oge

Aha "kasị mma ọdụ ụgbọ oloko na Moscow" nwere ike iru eru dị ka "Belarus" na "Novokuznetskaya", "Taganskaya" na "Ụlọ ihe nkiri", "Kropotkin" na "-Atụmanya Mira", "Smolensk" na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, ọ bụla nke 44 ghọtara omenala nketa, nwere ike gụnyere na n'elu ise ma ọ bụ asaa nke kacha mma na-akwụsị nke Moscow Metro. Na ihe banyere ụlọ ọrụ wuru mgbe ọnwụ nke Stalin? The oge nke "proletarian palaces" kwụsịrị na onwu nke onye ndú nke ...

ọhụrụ akpọkwa

The kasị mara mma Metro ụgbọ, wuru na XXI narị afọ - "Slavic Boulevard". Ọ e meghere ke 2008. N'ezie na ụwa nke a abụọ ibu (nke abụọ naanị na Tokyo) ụgbọ oloko, ma eleghị anya, ọ bụghị iji mara mma. Ma ọ bụ ugbu a na-ewu ya na ụwa ndị pụrụ iche na ịma mma nke ebe, ihe atụ na Dubai.
Olileanya, na Moscow Metro, nke na-adịbeghị anya na-eme ememe ya 80th ncheta na ugbu a na-enwe a na-ewu ọganihu, "ga-enweta" nke oge a, ala, nzute niile chọrọ nke taa, ma n'otu oge ahụ mara mma ụgbọ.