The mgba megide cosmopolitanism na USSR nkenke. Mmalite nke mgba megide cosmopolitanism: a afọ. Ihe mere megide cosmopolitanism

The mgba megide cosmopolitanism, ụbọchị nke nke guzosie ike na Soviet akụkọ ihe mere eme, e kwadoro site ọchịchị. Ọ bụ ihe ideological nkuzi megide ụmụ amaala, na-anọchite anya, dị ka mba na-achị, ihe ize ndụ na steeti. Ha dị iche na echiche, na-ekweta na nduzi nke anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ amụma nke Soviet ọchịchị. Atụlekwu otú nsogbu megide cosmopolitanism.

Isi

The mgba megide cosmopolitanism na USSR, na obere, e eduzi megide Soviet intelligentsia. E weere ya wee nke pro-Western echiche. Mmalite ndị ji na-alụ na cosmopolitanism? mkpọsa ụbọchị ekwekọ n'àgwà nke ndị oge nke agha nzuzo. Ya isi iche bụ omenala na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, Soviet Juu. Ha niile na-ewere onwe ha Russian, Otú ọ dị, e boro ebubo na ndị ọchịchị nke kọrọ ịhụ mba n'anya, agbatị na West, a ichighaazu si Marx na Lenin echiche.

Ihe mere megide cosmopolitanism

Victory na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya mere ka mba nganga na heroism nke ndị mmadụ, ndị dị ike upsurge nke ịhụ mba n'anya. Ọ na-niile kụrụ uche nke ndị mmadụ na-atụ anya mma nke ndụ, mgbasawanye nke nnwere onwe, ntụrụndụ nke isiike obodo akara dị iche iche ebe. Ma igabiga Agha Nzuzo. Ọ ebibi ikwere na a na-egbuke egbuke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu. Dị ka ndị mbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke na-arịa ọrịa na mba idina ndị West bụ ọnọdụ iwu na 1946, ndị ọchịchị na-etinye mgbali na ndị nnọchiteanya nke bourgeoisie na intelligentsia. Na-ewu ewu na magazin bipụtara na n'ihu peeji nke Central Committee nke ọchịchị na omenala. Na mbipụta nke "Leningrad" na "Star" na-akatọ dere, na-ede uri, filmmakers,-arọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Akhmatova, Dovzhenko, Zoshchenko, Twardowski, Eisenstein, Shostakovich, Prokofiev. Ha, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, na-ji na Central Committee mkpebi dị ka a rụrụ arụ na omume rụrụ arụ. The ikpe nke ọchịchị mere na-arụ ọrụ Tarle. Ọ na-ebo ebubo, akpan akpan, njehie ọnụ nke Crimea War, ndị ziri ezi nke agha na ama ebe n'okpuru Catherine II. Nke a na-niile so a mgbanwe site na ọnọdụ ha, njide. Ndị a na-akpagbu n'ihi ihe ha weere onwe ha a ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ onwe ha nke akụziri nke Soviet Union, free ịhọrọ East na West. Okwu "cosmopolitan" pụtara ka ozuzu oke. Ọ na-egosipụta na-ekpe nke a nwa amaala nke ụwa, n'agbanyeghị na ihe obodo a mụrụ ya na ndụ.

The mgba megide cosmopolitanism na USSR (nkenke)

The mbụ ụgwọ ndị mmadụ na-eso Western omenala malitere n'ihu oyi, na ọbụna tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. N'ihi ya, a maara nke ọma ada megide ndị chere na e socio-na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ọdịdị nke mba. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere onye ndú nke ndị na-alụso cosmopolitanism na USSR, ọ bụ doro anya na Stalin. Kwalitere nyere ya mkpọsa okwu May 24, 1945 e, Stalin kwuru na uru nke ndị Russia, na-akpọ ya na-edu ike nke mba ahụ dum. All okwu ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akwado site na Soviet pịa. Na uche nke ndị ọ na-gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ okwukwe na ọ bụ Russian ndị bụ isi ike na-ebibi ndị Nazi na-enweghị enyemaka ha, ọ dịghị mba ọzọ Soviet Union, a ga-enwe ike ịnagide. The dum mkpọsa ẹkenịmde n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke ịhụ mba n'anya cultivation. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị mba ọzọ na anụ ụlọ magazin mgba na cosmopolitanism, na obere, bụ Ẹkot Stalin si mgbochi Semitism. Nke a uche na-kwupụtara ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme.

ihe mgbaru ọsọ

Ideological mkpọsa na agha oge e n'ọtụtụ ebe na-agbasa ma mee ka a oké ọha mkpu ákwá. Ebumnobi bụ isi nke ọchịchị, dị ka ụfọdụ na-eme nnyocha, bụ ka na-enwe na-achịkwa mba maka inwekwu mkpachapụ. The mgba megide cosmopolitanism (n'afọ nke mbụ ngosipụta - 1948) ka mgbe niile n'okpuru nso uche nke Stalin. O nyere ya a pụrụ iche ideological pụtara.

"The n'ụlọikpe nke nsọpụrụ"

Olee otú na-alụ na cosmopolitanism? 1948 a na-ewere ndị kasị amamiihe oge nke ya n'obiọma. "Ụlọikpe nke nsọpụrụ" e guzosie ike na ụzọ nke Stalin. Agụmakwụkwọ ha - ukara na mmalite nke na-agha megide cosmopolitanism. "The n'ụlọikpe nke nsọpụrụ" nwere ike ịmata ihe niile ngosipụta nke sycophancy na servility ka omenala nke West. Ha na e nyere ọrụ iji kpochapụ underestimation nke ọrụ nke ndị ndú nke Soviet omenala na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na mmepe nke ụwa mepere anya. Mmalite nke mgba megide cosmopolitanism e so mbụ mkpagbu ndị Juu. Mkpọsa e nwere na obodo nile nke mba ahụ. Ụlọikpe mere ọ bụla ngalaba. Ha na-ewere mgbochi na-elekọta mmadụ na-emegide-ala omume na omume ndị na-adịghị isiokwu na-ntaramahụhụ n'okpuru agbasokarị n'oge nke Criminal Usoro.

Ileba "KR"

Ọ bụ oge a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpọsa niile nnyocha institutes na mba. Ọkà mmụta sayensị Klyuyev na Roskin kere 1947, irè ọgwụ megide cancer. Ọ na-akpọ "krucina uwe nke ogwe aka" ( "ČR"). Nchọpụta ozugbo mmasị America. The US nyere kụziere nkwonkwo nnyocha. N'elu ẹkụre nyere na-ebipụta akwụkwọ. The mkpa nkwekọrịta e ruru na Government nke nkwenye. Na America Parin (Academician-Secretary nke AMN) e zigara. O nyere ndị America ọgwụ mkpọ na draft ndekọ nke biotherapy nke ịza etuto ahụ. All ndị a omume Parin mere na nkwenye nke Minister nke Health nke USSR. Ma ihe omume gosiri na ya nnọọ ghara inwe afọ ojuju na Stalin. Si America Parin jidere. Enye ama ikpe ka afọ 25 n'okpuru isiokwu bụ "Nkekọta imegide eze." Ke adianade do, ikpe nke Roskin na Klyuyev.

Mgbasa Ozi na Leningrad

The mgba megide cosmopolitanism ifịk ifịk mepụtara na obodo na Neva. Na 1948, ọ ghọrọ center nke mkpọsa. Ike karịa niile ahụhụ si na Leningrad University. On mere na philological ikike iche nwere kemgbe njide na Ịchụpụ nke kasị mma professors. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Weinstein, Hooke, Rabinovich, Mavrodin na ndị ọzọ. Ndị Juu na-achụpụ akwụkwọ. Mgbe m gụsịrị na mahadum, mgbe nkesa ha natara ntụziaka na ndị nwụrụ anwụ nke ógbè ma ọ bụ ọbụna nọgidere na-enweghị ọrụ. N'ihi na a ogologo oge ọ na-e kwụsịrị ịnakwere Juu na-ezi posts. All mkpara na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-machibidoro iwu na-ebipụta mba na mba magazin. The mgba megide cosmopolitanism bụ nnọọ uru "mediocre ọkà mmụta sayensị." Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eji na-ezo illegal mba ọzọ akwụkwọ, na-enye n'akwụkwọ nke ha onwe ha.

Echiche dịbigara njọ nke okwu

Na March 1945, Alexandrov bipụtara otu isiokwu na magazin "Nsogbu nke Philosophy". Na ya, ọ na-ebo ebubo nke unpatriotic mmetụta ama otú dị ka Trotsky, Milyukov, Bukharin. Cosmopolitans, n'echiche nke ya, na-ekpe Socialist okpuru na ndị Kọmunist, akpan akpan, bụ ndị sonyeere ndị Nazi n'oge agha, General Vlasov. Ọ bụ n'isiokwu a, ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ekwu na ọdịdị nke a na-egbuke egbuke echiche dịbigara njọ nke okwu. Ekwo ekwo tụnyere "ndị iro nke ndị mmadụ" ma ọ bụ "ndị sabo na motherland." Alexandrov na ya n'isiokwu a na-akpọ kpọmkwem aha. Otu n'ime ha bụ onyeisi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "Nsogbu nke Philosophy" - na magazine ebe ọ bipụtara. Site na oge na-alụ na rootless cosmopolitanism ebe n'ime akwụkwọ.

"Anti-ịhụ mba n'anya ìgwè nke ụlọ ihe nkiri ndị na-akatọ"

Stalin, na-enye ideological uru mkpọsa, ọ na-e bipụtara na-eduga magazin n'okpuru a pseudonym. Ya mere, o bipụtara otu isiokwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Pravda". E nwere ọtụtụ nkọwa nke echiche, ma akwụkwọ e akp naanị a "rootless cosmopolitan". Na 1949 ọ malitere a ezigbo esemokwu n'etiti ndị na-akatọ Baịbụl nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri Society na isi nke Union of Dere. First na ya isiokwu ndị opal ngwaahịa Nazi (Fadeev, akpan akpan). Nke ikpeazụ, n'aka nke ya, na-ebo ebubo akatọ cosmopolitanism. The initiator nke ogu bụ Popov, ya onwe kpọkuru Stalin anya na ihe ahụ merenụ. N'ihi na a na-ulo oru a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu agha megide cosmopolitanism na edemede okirikiri. Hardest kụrụ, N'ezie, ndị Juu ọzọ.

mmetụta

The mgba megide cosmopolitanism dugara Soviet ndị mmadụ iche si n'èzí ụwa. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nnyocha, dum mkpọsa na oru site Stalin ikesiike ha atumatu (ma mba ọzọ na anụ ụlọ). N'etiti ndị na-esi ga-akpọ mbuso-ezighị ezi mmetụta na mmepe nke Soviet sayensị na omenala. Ekwe omume nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na oru na kpaara. Iwusi ideological akara ukwuu tụbara Soviet Union azụ tụnyere na-West. Dị ka ihe atụ, okporo ụzọ na-emechi ụlọ Genet. Academician Lysenko e monopolized agrobiology. A ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta, ala ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọzọ na ọkachamara e ekewet nke ikpeazụ plan. Nke a idiọk ịghọta mmepe nke isi ebe nke Agro-ndu. Mkpọsa katọrọ ndị kasị mkpa alaka nke sayensị na-machibidoro iwu na-arụkọ ọrụ na mba ọzọ na ogbo. N'ụzọ bụ ya bụ nanị ekwe omume nke ntụle nke okwu n'etiti ndị kasị gụrụ akwụkwọ na elu ọrụ.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọ ga-kwuru na-agha megide cosmopolitanism e weere a ngosipụta nke mgbochi-Semitism. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ụfọdụ na-eme nnyocha, ọ bụghị iji kpọmkwem na ndị Juu. Ke adianade do, nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ada, dị ka ha nọ 30 afọ, e duziri. The isi ebumnuche nke na-alụ bụ weghara na-elekọta mmadụ echiche na oruru nke na-achịkwa ya. N'ihi nke ọchịchị omume, "arịa ndị nsọpụrụ" e mere oké njọ mmebi ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ubi. Ịrịba Ama agaghị emeli guzosie ike maka nnwere onwe ikwu okwu, na-eche, na-ebi akwụkwọ. Government mere eme iji na mba iche n'ebe ọ bụla Western mmetụta. Ọ bụ a afọ ofufo àjà nke ọnọdụ na mba arena. Na Soviet otu, na-arụ ọrụ ikpochapụ omume na nkà mmụta sayensị na ikike nke West. Obi abụọ adịghị ya bụ mmetụta nke Agha Nzuzo nditetịm mkpọsa. Stalin, na-eleru ọnọdụ ụwa na na mba, kpebiri megharia accents na Communist nduhie na akụziri megide dissent iji wusie ịhụ mba n'anya n'etiti ndị bi na. N'oge na-alụ na-emetụta ndị ọrụ dị iche iche ná mba. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọ pụtara ìhè site na akụkọ ihe mere eme isi mmalite, a ukwuu igbu ndị Juu.