The mma nke mgbawa ugwu iko. Obsidian mma

Kemgbe oge ochie, ụmụ mmadụ chọrọ ikwado ọrụ ha site na a dịgasị iche iche nke ngwaọrụ. Otu n'ime ihe mbụ ngwaọrụ bụ mma. Dị ka ogologo oge dị ka ndị mmadụ na-amaghị banyere metal ihe n'ihi ya rụpụta ndị nkume na obsidian. The mma nke mgbawa ugwu iko ọtụtụ-eji maka ememe na anụ ụlọ ojiji nke oge ochie ebo. Ọ bụghị naanị ihe inyeaka ngwá ọrụ na ihe irè ngwá agha, ma gosikwara ọnọdụ nke ndị ikom, na-anọchi anya ya obi ike na ume.

obsidian

Natural mgbawa ugwu iko, nke a na-kpụrụ a nnọọ ngwa ngwa jụrụ nke lava, a na-akpọ obsidian. E nwere a akụkọ na-agwa nke ihe ọhụrụ nkume na mbụ wee Europe ekele Roman Obsidia, n'ihi ya aha.

Dị ka ọzọ version, aha nke nkume na-abịa site okwu Grik bụ "obsis", nke ahụ bụ a ntem. Ọ maara na nwa obsidian chepụtara mirror.

nkịtị Njirimara

N'ịkọwa nkịtị Njirimara nke mgbawa ugwu iko mara ndị na-esonụ e ji mara:

• ụdị nwere a oke Ọdịdị, glasswool n'ụzọ zuru ezu na obere microphenocrysts;
• agba na ụkpụrụ na-adabere na nkume microinclusions magnetite chanwụrụ feldspars, ígwè oxides, etc.;
• nghọta na-adabere na inclusions, ya n'ókè dịgasị iche n'ebe opaque na uzo (ma ọ bụ translucent);
• agbanwe mejupụtara (nso rhyolite ka basalt iko): Silicon dioxide - 75%, mmiri - na-erughị 1%;
• silky gloss, iko;
• ostrogranny kink, nnukwu conchoidal;
• dịghị cleavage;
• na-emebi emebi;
• amorphous.

iche iche nke obsidian

Na mejupụtara nke obsidian ekewa n'ime ise isi ụdị:

• rhyolite - ya Ọdịdị yiri konkiri;
• gabbro - nwere inclusions na ọka pyroxene;
• porphyry - na-egbuke egbuke red dịgasị iche iche nke andesite;
• diorite - dabeere na kristal nke feldspar, yiri konkiri;
• na na na - vitreous peke peke dịgasị iche iche.

The mejupụtara nke ngwa ngwa lava na mgbawa ugwu iko guzobere ọnọdụ emetụta agba nke ihe:

• Snow. Otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma umu. Na izugbe nwa ma ọ bụ ọchịchịrị-agba aja aja ndabere na-hụrụ ubé bịara ikiri-acha ọcha tụrụ yiri snowflakes.
• Rainbow. Ọ nwere ike hụrụ n'ụzọ doro anya distinguishable n'ígwé nke-acha anụnụ anụnụ, red, green shades. Inwe ndị na agba bụ karịsịa mara mma na ịkpụ. Ọ na-akpọ a ekwuru ụlọ ọdụ ma ọ bụ na abalị lace.
• Black. Trade aha na US - a ugwu ma ọ bụ nwa ugboelu Nevada diamond. Ọ nwere a miri emi dị ọcha nwa agba.
• Apache anya mmiri. Ụdị nke nwa obsidian - ahazi nhọrọ.
• Black na-acha uhie uhie. Ji nwetụ red na nwa agba. Nke abụọ aha nke kee ya agbụ na umu - ugwu mahogany.
• Iridescent. Obsidian, jupụtara na obere gas na mmiri mmiri splashes, na-enye a ọlaedo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha mmetụta. Mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere a yi nhọrọ: acha anụnụ anụnụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ, red, green, ma ọ bụ eke na egwurugwu.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị mara mma iche pearl ndo chọpụtara na Armenia. The obere umu-agụnye Montana green jed, obsidian, aquamarine uzo greenish na ọchịchịrị-acha odo odo Stromboli.

nkwụnye ego

The ịnweta na-hụrụ fọrọ nke nta niile nke ụwa. Ndị dị otú ahụ ego na na-na USA Mexico, Russia, Hungary, Slovakia, Italy, Iceland, Scotland, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Georgia, Armenia, na Ukraine.

oge ochie mma

Knife na mpi na mgbawa ugwu iko bụ a òtù nzuzo ihe, ma na-eji na ememe nke àjà mmadụ n'etiti ndị Aztec. Ọ bụ a ewepụghị, iru abua, nwere akwukwo ekara. Manual nhazi nke ekpe ya mkpumkpu, ma ọ dịghị belata ya Njirimara mfe na were were bee anụ.

Na ogologo nke ogwe aka pụrụ iru 30 cm na obosara -. 6 cm handle, n'ozuzu mere nke nkume. Mgbe ụfọdụ na-eji osisi siri ike, na mpi ma ọ bụ anụmanụ ọkpụkpụ. Crepe agụba na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche brewed mama nke akpịrịkpa na ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ site na akwara nke ụmụ anụmanụ, osisi Ome. E akwara reflow technology.

Stone ngwaahịa

Ọkà mmụta sayensị, ọkà mmụta ihe ochie kweere na ojiji nke obsidian malitere banyere puku mmadụ asatọ na afọ gara aga, na e mere site na ihe onwunwe Njirimara:

• inogide;
• ọma ya kewaa n'ígwé;
• forms rapara na nnukwu Mpekere.

Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji maka imewe nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ịcha na ịkpọpu ngwaọrụ: anyu, mma nkịtị, scrapers, arrowheads, na ube na na. Metal dochie obsidian, ma ọ bụghị na omenala nile. India South America maara ore azụmahịa, ha ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ na-eji mma nke mgbawa ugwu iko. Na-enweghị ya, anyị na-na-emeghị nke ememe nke àjà na nnịm. Dị ka ogo nke ndị dị otú ngwá agha dị nnọọ elu karịa metal analogues.

knives mee ka mgbasa nke ahia mmekọahụ n'etiti mba abụọ. Merchants ebu ndị dara oké ọnụ, n'ụba mma ihe n'ụwa nile. Ọ bụ prestigious nwere a ọrụ nkà, ọ na-ekwu banyere ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke ezinụlọ.

Na mgbakwunye na ngwaọrụ mere nke obsidian ọla, enyo, ihe n'ụlọ.

knives

Ruo ugbu a, ndị obsidian mma okụt ya connoisseur. Modern technology awade a kpamkpam pụrụ iche na edu ihe na-eme n'ezinụlọ na arịa, gụnyere ịcha ngwaọrụ. Ma eke iko enweghị atụ mara mma.

The mma nke mgbawa ugwu iko na-emepụta na nnabata na oge ochie usoro. Jiri kwesịrị ekwesị ihe na ngwaọrụ. All a nke oge a mma na-ekewa atọ dị iche iche:

1. Nke mbụ bụ ihe ncheta. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwaahịa ọ bụ omume na-eji. Ha nwere obi ụtọ ịzụta na-akụ azụ na dinta. Na sub-efu okpomọkụ mmiri gia amalite ifriizi na metal agụba. The mma nke mgbawa ugwu iko ke emi drawback, Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ọma bee, bụghị blunts na mgbari naanị na ihe omume nke a mmebi. Ọzọ plus bụ na ọ bụ dịtụ ọnụ ala knives. Ncheta eri àmà site 20 ruo 100 US dollar
2. Nke abụọ otu agụnye knives mere ka ọla. Ancient technology bụghị mgbe niile kwesịrị ekwesị, ya mere, ọ na-emekarị mma. The akụkụ nke pupụtara adabere na ọchịchọ nke ndị ahịa. Mma handle otú artsy na iji ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwaahịa bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume. N'ihi na mmepụta nke ahọrọ nkume dị iche iche patches - ya mma ọdịdị ngwá agha, ma na-ebelata àgwà nke agụba. Ole bụ mma nke mgbawa ugwu iko, na-ekpebi ukwu. Ọ niile na-adabere na mgbagwoju nke mmepụta na uru nke decorating nkọwa.
3. Ìgwè nke atọ na-agụnye ngwaahịa kere nkà na ụzụ. Glass polishing ghara inweta ngwá e ji mara chipping, agụba asụchikwa, n'ihi na nke na àgwà nke pupụtara enwe. Aka na ndị dị otú a sample bụ ihe adaba na ndị bara uru karịa ndị jewelery ogbo, ma n'ihi ndị fragility nke agụba bụ ihe a ncheta karịa a ngwá ọrụ.

oge a na ojiji

Modern ọgwụ ihe ọmụma na-enye ohere dọkịta na-awa na-ebu a nnọọ siri ịwa ahụ (plastic ịwa ahụ, ophthalmology). Nanotechnologies-achọ nnọọ mkpa pupụtara. Ka ụbọchị, n'ihi na ndị a na nzube na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na mma nke mgbawa ugwu iko. The price nke mbụ mkpa mee àmà site $ 60-100. Ọ na-adabere ụzọ aghụghọ nke agụba. The n'ọnụ nke agụba, ma ọ bụ kama, ya mbepụ ike dị mkpa ka 0,02 micron. Thin ịkpụ tightened ngwa ngwa.

N'ezie, oge a na teknụzụ ekwe na-emepụta ọzọ aghụghọ ọnwụ ngwaọrụ. Diamond scalpels nwere a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0,003 micron, ha na-ọzọ inogide na ike karịa obsidian. Ma elu ahịa na otu ma ọ bụ karịa ọtụtụ puku dollar na-adịghị eme ka ha dịgasị nkesa.

Iji mepụta dị otú ahụ a mkpa mee handle ahụ hardwood osisi na-emekarị maple. Na epoxy agụba mmasị thereto. Nke a n'ichepụta Usoro enye ohere ikpughe ngwá ka ikpo ọgwụgwọ na ihe autoclave, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla mebiri.

A mkpa mee nwere ike idi ruo 20 arụmọrụ. The drawback bụ fragility nke agụba - na mpụta mgbali ọ etịbede. Ihe ọzọ bụ: dịghị abụọ yiri ngwá. Manual mmepụta adịghị ekwe ka ime kpọmkwem otu size na udi nke na agụba.

Ọ na-achọ ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwá ọrụ, na-esi nri. Taa, ndị osi ite na-aka nke bụghị naanị metal knives. Nile ite ụrọ. Mma (Chinese, German, Japanese) pụtara onwe ha dị ka a pụrụ ịdabere na ọkachamara ngwá ọrụ. Dị ka ya nkịtị àgwà ha yiri obsidian pupụtara.

n'ichepụta technology

Knife rụpụta si mgbawa ugwu iko a rụrụ na atọ:

1. Nhazi preform oku igba. The workpiece onwe ya ga-adị okpukpu abụọ na nke ikpeazụ ngwá ọrụ. Strong ma kpọmkwem igbu 90 ^kewaa ihe ka na-etolite a ewepụghị elu. The onu bụ nkọ, o nwere ike ebipụ.
2. Iji mee ka agụba nke ụdị ụfọdụ spall mkpa a obere na-emeso. N'ihi na nke a nnọọ ike ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ osisi ga-abụ "podstrugat" agụba. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ na-achọ ndidi, oge na izi ezi.
3. Lapping pupụtara ịtụ usoro. Ke "igwe anvil" mgbasa cortex (ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ cushioning onwunwe), ọ na-etinye na a mụwo mma na osisi ma ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ ibe n'ụzọ ziri ezi mma flakes (na ya na ala n'akụkụ). N'ihi ya nweta a ewepụghị udi na-enye ya agụba sharpness.

The handle ka nke mpi ma ọ bụ osisi. Agụba na-n'ịnyịnya na mama, ị nwere ike idozi ya na enyemaka nke akwara ma ọ bụ mkpa straps. Ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwá ọrụ ike ga-eji bee eriri, ma ọ bụ wepu ikpa egwuregwu.

Master na ya mma

Jeff Hall (Dzheff Holl) - otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nna ukwu, onye dị ka a ihe maka imewe nke a mma na-eji mgbawa ugwu iko. O bi na-arụ ọrụ na United States (Washington). Nke a bụ otú na-akọwa wizard:

• Agụba nwere a nwayọọ translucent isi awọ. The handle ka nke mpi American ele dragon ekara mboanuohia. Ogologo - 20 cm.
• Agụba họrọ obsidian na anwụrụ, nwa na-acha uhie uhie veins. Na ụfọdụ n'akuku agụba enweta a ọlaedo sheen. The handle e mere ihe yiri nke ahụ na nke mbụ sample. Ogologo - 17.8 cm.
• Agụba mere nke nwa mgbawa ugwu iko (mined na Northern California). Akpan esichara na polished handle mere nke cactus Jeolla. Ogologo - 16,5sm.

Nnọọ niile ngwaahịa Hall nyere na asambodo nke izi ezi.

E nwere ihe ọzọ kama na-ewu ewu Obsidian mma na-akpọ "Heart of Pele." Nke a bụ a sample nke omenala na ememe nke na ngwá agha nke ụmụ amaala India South America.

Bilateral zita agụba na a nkọ ọgwụgwụ bụ mmasị na ihe mara mma curved handle mere nke osisi. Agụba mere nke uzo obsidian ọbara ọbara nwa linear impregnations. Ogologo - 22,5 cm, obosara - 3 cm; ibu - 80 grams. A ezi ihe nlereanya nke a akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọrụ ike ga-eji dị ka a na ememe ihe, na dị ka a ihe ndozi mmewere.

Chinese knives nke mgbawa ugwu iko a nnukwu ego nyere dị ka ihe ncheta. Ha na-adịghị dị ka nụchara anụcha dị ka omenala mere mbipụta nke nna ukwu, ma o sina dị, nwere ike ịbụ oké onyinye maka otu onye.

uru

Agụba Obsidian nwere mma ọnwụ Njirimara karịa ígwè. Ọ dịghị achọ ka ọ bụla pụrụ iche na-elekọta. Ọ na-adịghị ịgbawa, adịghị enwe umuihe na ọrụ. Ọ na-adịghị imebi ma ọ bụ ida eke agba na imecha.

Ọzọ bara nzube, dị mma nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ihe magburu onwe onyinye, mma mmewere, mee dị ka a na ememe ihe.

-adịghị emezi emezi

All ngwaahịa nke mgbawa ugwu iko bụ nnọọ na-emebi emebi. Ọ bụla mmetụta ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ mgbali nwere ike ime ka mmebi nke agụba. Agụba-apụghị doro hypothermia ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ. Ma na-akpachara anya na-ejizi mma nwere ike ije ozi ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-enweghị adịkwa ike n'ụzọ zuru okè ebipụ.