The so mba nke Hague Convention nke 1961. Isi ọdịnaya nke nzuko

The Hague Convention nke October 5, 1961 ka ukwuu mfe mba akwụkwọ. Mgbe ratification nke nkwekọrịta ruru na mba ya acceded na Convention iwu ji na-anabata akwụkwọ kere ná mba ndị ọzọ, na-bịanye aka na ya, na-enweghị ndị ọzọ na ogologo usoro. Nke a budata azọpụta oge na ego. Ka anyị lebakwuo anya na ihe bụ ndokwa a na-achọpụta onye ndị so mba nke Hague Convention nke 1961.

Ihe mere na ikpokota a Convention

Ma mbụ, iji chọpụta ihe mere na mba uwa iji na-egosipụta na ọ dị mkpa ka mfe workflow n'etiti ekwu.

Tupu 1961, akwụkwọ n'etiti mba dị iche iche bụ iru ala. Ka ọ na-ghọtara na ọzọ Member State, ọ dị mkpa ime ihe ndị ọzọ multi-ogbo usoro nke Consular legalization. Dabere na ala ya nwere ike buru ọtụtụ ọnwa. Ọ na-mere na, n'oge ahụ akwụkwọ tụfuru ya mkpa.

O nwere ka notarized, sụgharịa asụsụ achọrọ. Na onye nsụgharị si mbinye aka na-chọrọ notarization. Mgbe nke a chọrọ ikike site Ministry of Justice na Consular Department nke Ministry of Foreign Affairs nke mba ndị na-eziga akwụkwọ. Na njedebe, ọ dị mkpa legalization nke ozi na ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo nke mba ebe ọ na-aga.

Ke adianade do, ọ dị mkpa ka mgbe niile ịrụ usoro nke legalization nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akwụkwọ slowed ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na consulates na ndị ọzọ na ngalaba nke ọrụ, na-achọ oke nke ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, nke rụpụtara ihe onwunwe akwụ ụgwọ.

Ọdịnaya nke nkwekọrịta

Gịnị bụ ọdịdị zuru oke nke nkwekọrịta, nke e banyere site otu mba nke Hague Convention nke 1961? Ka anyị obibi a nke.

Agreement kwuru na mba niile na acceded ya, na-aghọta na ukara akwụkwọ agbala na ndị ọzọ na-ekwu, na-ekere òkè na nkwekọrịta, irè na-enweghị pụrụ iche Consular legalization.

Naanị mmachi bụ na nke a iji gosi na izi ezi nke mbinye aka na ikike iji banye a onye nwere ka a gbaara ihe apostille.

Gịnị bụ ihe apostille?

Nso ke ọwọrọ a edinam nke Hague Convention? Apostil - a pụrụ iche square stampụ gụnyere ụfọdụ requisites ike sample.

Nke a na stampụ bụ amanyere bụ iwu, n'agbanyeghị mba na jupụta mba ebe akwụkwọ ga-nyere, kwesịrị na n'elu nke aha nke French version "Apostille (The Hague Convention nke 5 October 1961)." Otu n'ime ihe ndị amanyere bụ iwu nke otu ihe na-aghaghị ịbụ ugbu na akwụkwọ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ:

• aha obodo nyere akwụkwọ;
• aha nke onye bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ahụ;
• ọnọdụ ya;
• aha nke ewumewu site na nke ndị dị otú ahụ akwụkwọ;
• bi na nke gafere akwụkwọ;
• asambodo ụbọchị;
• aha nke gọọmenti Certifying akwụkwọ;
• Oghere Usoro ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na akwụkwọ,
• Stamp nke Certifying akwụkwọ;
• mbinye aka nke ukara bụ ndị na-asambodo.

Ọzọkwa, Hague Convention hụrụ na ọkọlọtọ size nke akwụkwọ ga-dịkarịa ala 9 x 9 cm. Na omume apostille ọ bụghị mgbe nile nwere a square udi, dị ka na mbụ kwuru na ndokwa. Ihe atụ, na Russia, ọ na-ewe n'ụdị a akụkụ anọ na-anwụ. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ndị ndibọbọ n'akụkụ nke akwụkwọ bụ bụghị ọtụtụ mmejọ na-emegiderịta na ọkọlọtọ ụdị ihe apostille, ma e precedents mgbe ọ jụrụ ịnakwere dị otú ahụ akwụkwọ.

Nuances iji apostille

Asụsụ nke Apostille nwere ike ma obu otu onye nke ukara asụsụ nke Convention (French ma ọ bụ English), ma ọ bụ ndị asụsụ nke mba ahụ, nke ọ na-etinye ala. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu ojiji nke bilingualism, ya bụ, n'otu oge asụsụ nke mba na-ala ihe apostille na otu onye nke ukara asụsụ nke Convention.

Apostil nwere ike enịm na na akwụkwọ a ga-gbaara, na na ọ na-mmasị ka a akwụkwọ.

Ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-ekwu na-emepe emepe na ngwa nke electronic Apostille. Nke a na nke na-nnọọ Nde na njikọ na-amụba proliferation nke electronic akwụkwọ. Karịsịa, mba ndị a na-agụnye United States, Andorra, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand na mba ndị ọzọ.

Ebe itinye apostille?

Ka anyị chọpụta ihe kpọmkwem akwụkwọ na otu mba nke Hague Convention nke 1961 apostille.

Ndị dị otú ahụ a na ndepụta nke akwụkwọ metụtara ozi ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na òtù na dabere na ikike nke a n'otu mba, notarial omume, nhazi akwụkwọ, yana dị iche iche ukara akara na njirimara nke ụbọchị nke visa. Ọzọkwa Apostille mbinye aka gbaara site ọ bụla akwụkwọ na-adịghị agba àmà site notari.

Wezụga na Hague Convention

N'otu oge ahụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ọnọdụ n'okpuru nke workflow n'etiti mba dị iche iche na-adịghị ọbụna mkpa prostanovka apostille, dị ka chọrọ site Hague Convention.

Mbụ niile, akwụkwọ na a mfe ụdị a rụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere a abụọ na-ụzọ n'etiti mba abụọ kwetara na-anabata akwụkwọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ iji mezuo iwu. Na nke a, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na mba abụọ na-ọzọ na-na Hague Convention, iji gosi na izi ezi nke akwụkwọ bụ chọrọ ka ihe apostille. Iji mee ka a notarized translation nke akwụkwọ. Dị otú ahụ na nkwekọrịta n'etiti onwe ha nwere, n'ihi na ihe atụ, Austria na Germany, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ. Ma, ọ bụ bilateral nkwekọrịta n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, kama a iche iche mgbakọ ọtụtụ na-ekwu.

Ọzọkwa, adịghị mkpa itinye ihe apostille bụrụ na ndị mba ọzọ nzukọ nke ị na-eziga a akwụkwọ, anaghị achọ pụrụ iche na onodi.

Ọ dịghị achọ asambodo site Apostille nke akwụkwọ ndị na-abịa kpọmkwem site diplomatic na Consular itieutom.

The ikpeazụ iche bụ akwụkwọ ndị metụtara omenala arụmọrụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-azụmahịa ke uwa. Ma mgbe azụmahịa ụlọ ọrụ nke a nonprofit pụrụ inwe nsogbu dị ka a doo anya na-adịghị adị. Ihe atụ, ọtụtụ ụlọ akụ akwụkwọ, nke nwere ike ekewet azụmahịa arụmọrụ, ka gbaara site apostille.

The bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke Convention

Convention ọnọdụ na-kwetara na Conference on Private International Iwu na The Hague, na 1961.

Nke a Conference ẹkenịmde ke Dutch obodo si 1893. Nzube nke obodo ahụ jikota onwe iwu mba (pil), ịzọpụta ya site na-enweghị isi emezu iwu na portages. Site 1955, ndị Conference ada udi na a na-fledged nzukọ na Member States.

N'oge dị iche iche na N'ezie nke SPE Conference bịanyere aka Convention on Civil Usoro, na ohere ikpe ziri ezi, nri na ime na ire na zụọ nke ngwaahịa na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Na otu n'ime nzukọ ndị a, na 1961, ọ e banyere ndị Convention na legalization nke mba ọzọ akwụkwọ.

The so mba nke Convention

Na-ekere òkè drafting nke Convention na-niile nke ala, nke na 1961 bụ òtù nke SPE Conference. Ka anyị chọpụta ndị so mba nke Hague Convention nke 1961. Nke a ga-ekwe ka anyị mata na isi nke na-ekwu, nke bụ isi nwere na-eme na mwepụ nke mmachibido legalization nke akwụkwọ.

Mba ndị a na-agụnye: Sweden, Spain, Great Britain, Greece, Norway, na Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Turkey, Finland, Germany. Luxembourg, Switzerland, Italy, Japan, Egypt na Portugal. Argentina, Brazil, India, na USSR, na USA, China na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ isi mba nke ụwa abụghị ndị òtù nke Conference nke SPE, ya mere na mmepe nke na-ekere òkè nkwekọrịta ejighị.

The mbụ mba na sonyeere Convention

N'otu oge ahụ, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na mmepe nke ngwa nke apostille nkwekọrịta apụtaghị akpaka abanye ike nke ndokwa a na ókèala ndị na-ekere òkè ná mba. Ọ dịghị, ha nile nwere na-a n'ihu mkpebi na isonyere na tinyeaka ya dị na anụ ụlọ iwu. N'otu oge ahụ, na Convention nwere ike iso na mba na-adịghị ekere òkè na ya mmepe.

The mbụ na-ekwu na ókèala nke malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Convention bụ United Kingdom, France, Netherlands na Hong Kong. Ọ bụ nanị afọ anọ mgbe ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke nkwekọrịta na 1965. N'afọ na-esonụ, sonyeere Germany, Botswana, Lesotho na Barbados. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị - Malawi, na na 1968 - Austria, Malta, Mauritius na Swaziland.

n'ihu accession

Na iri afọ abụọ sochirinụ, sonyeere Treaty, mba Tonga, Japan, Fiji, Liechtenstein, Hungary, Belgium, Switzerland, Portugal, Argentina, Macau, Cyprus, Bahamas, Suriname, Italy, Israel, Spain, Dominican Republic, Seychelles, Luxembourg, Saint Vincent na Grenadines, Vanuatu, USA. Ọ dị mkpa karịsịa iwebata nke ikpeazụ nke mba ndị a. Ná ngwụsị nke n'elu oge, acceded na Convention nke agwaetiti nke Antigua na Barbuda, Norway, Greece, Turkey, Finland, Brunei.

Na 1991, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obodo, gbakwunyere site Slovenia, Panama, Macedonia, Croatia na USSR. Na 1992, a nkwekọrịta dị ka a iwu nọchiri nke USSR rekasịrị, sonyeere Russia. France karịsịa nabatara ihe omume. Site na nke a mgbe on, i nwere ike ide ihe apostille na mba anyị.

Ke adianade do, ke otu party na nkwekorita, nchara Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Belarus, Marshall Islands. Na 1993 ọ acceded na nkwekorita, naanị n'otu mba - Belize. Ma na-esote afọ nwere ratified na Convention dị nnọọ abụọ mba - Saint Kitts na Nevis, wee Armenia. Mba ndị a nwere ikike kpam iji ozugbo apostille na fọrọ nke nta na mba niile nke nkwekọrịta, gụnyere Russia na United States. Australia na Mexico na-òtù nke Convention na-esonụ afọ. N'ezie, accession ndị a nnukwu mba ike ọnọdụ nke Community. Na 1995 ọ na-sonyeere Treaty nke South African Republic na San Marino.

N'ime afọ 15 gara aga, anyị ratified na Convention na Latvia, Liberia, El Salvador, Andorra, Lithuania, Niue, Republic of Ireland, Czech Republic, Venezuela, Sweden, Samoa, Trinidad na Tobago, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Namibia, Romania, Bulgaria. Estonia, New Zealand, na-Slovak Republic, Grenada, St. Lucia, Monaco, Ukraine, Albania, Iceland, Honduras, Azerbaijan, Ecuador, Cook Islands, India, Poland, Montenegro, Denmark, Moldova, Georgia, Sao Tomé na Príncipe, Dominican Republic, Mongolia, Cape Verde, Peru, Kyrgyzstan, Costa Rica, Oman, Uzbekistan, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Bahrain, Paraguay, Burundi. The kasị nso-nso, ugbua na 2016, sonyeere Kosovo, Brazil, Morocco na Chile.

ude nsogbu

Ma, ọ bụghị ndị nile so mba nke Hague Convention nke 1961 mara asambodo agbala na ndị ọzọ so. Ihe mere nke a nwere ike ịbụ ma ọrụaka ma ọ bụ iwu ka, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ka ihe atụ, ọtụtụ mba na-adịghị aghọta Kosovo dị ka a na steeti. N'ihi nke a na-Apostille ná mba a na-adịghị aghọta na Ukraine, Serbia, Belarus, Russia. France, na Kama nke ahụ, ghọta na asambodo nyere site niile Member States.

Maka oru ihe, apostille Ukraine ruo 2012 amataghị Greece.

Pụtara Hague Convention

O siri ike overestimate mkpa nke Hague Convention. Mgbe ya doo akwụkwọ n'etiti mba dị iche iche na-nnọọ mfe. Kwa afọ ọhụrụ mba isonyere Convention: South Africa, Venezuela, Kosovo, Chile ...

Mgbe doo nke Convention ka mba na-ratified ya, adịghị mkpa na-ata ogologo na-ata usoro maka legalization nke akwụkwọ. Ya mere, ọbụna ndị dị otú a obere agwaetiti mba ka Marshall Islands, Antigua na Barbuda, na Cape Verde, bịanyere aka nkwekọrịta.