Triac: na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ, ngwa, na ngwaọrụ na management

Si isiokwu, ị ga-amụta ihe a triac, ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ a na ngwaọrụ, nakwa dị ka atụmatụ nke ya ngwa. Ma mbụ, ọ bụ uru banyere na triac - bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka nke ndị thyristor (naanị ezi). Ya mere, nwere ike ime na-enweghị otu isiokwu na-akọwa ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke thyristors na ha atụmatụ. Enweghị ihe ọmụma nke ihe ndị bụ isi ga-arụ ọrụ na-chepụta ma wuo ọbụna a mfe akara atụmatụ.

thyristors

The thyristor bụ a ịmafe okporo ọkụ ngwaọrụ, nke bụ ike ruo a ugbu a na one direction naanị. Ọ bụ mgbe kwuru na dị ka a valvụ ma na-abịaru analogies n'etiti ya na n'iru diode. Na thyristor nwere atọ ọnụ, otu - a akara electrode. Nke a, na-etinye ya Olee ihe enyemaka, na button site nke ịmafe mmewere na ịmụrụ mode. Isiokwu a ga-atụle a pụrụ iche bụrụ na nke a thyristor - triac - na-ewu na ime ihe nke ya dị iche iche na sekit na sekit.

Thyristor - ọ bụ a rectifier mgba ọkụ na ọbụna a mgbaàmà ampilifaya. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-eji dị ka akara na (ma ọ bụ nanị na ikpe mgbe dum wiring nri site na AC voltaji isi). All thyristors ụfọdụ atụmatụ nke mkpa ịdị na-ekwu ihe zuru ezu.

Njirimara thyristors

N'etiti ọtụtụ nke e ji mara nke okporo ọkụ mmewere nwere ike ịmata ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama:

1. Thyristors ka diodes, ike nke na-eduzi ihe eletrik na one direction naanị. Na nke a, ha na-arụ ọrụ na circuit ka a rectifier diode.
2. Site Gbanyụọ na ON ala nke thyristor nwere ike sụgharịa site n'itinye a mgbaàmà akara electrode na a kpọmkwem ụdị. N'ihi ya, ndị ọgwụgwụ - na thyristor tụụrụ ka e nwere abụọ na-ekwu, (anụ ma). N'otu ụzọ ahụ na nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ndị triac. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke electronic isi ụdị dabeere na ya bụ nnọọ mfe. Ma iji mee ka a laghachi na mbụ na-emeghe ala, ọ dị mkpa na ụfọdụ ọnọdụ na-zutere.
3. The ugbu a na-achịkwa ihe mgbaàmà, nke a chọrọ maka crystal mgbanwe nke thyristor si ekpochi mode na-emeghe, n'ebe dị anya na-erughị na-arụ ọrụ (n'ụzọ nkịtị tụrụ na milliamperes). Nke a pụtara na thyristor nwere Njirimara nke ugbu a ampilifaya.
4. Ọ bụ omume na-erikwa kpatụ nkezi ugbu a-eru site na a ejikọrọ ibu, ọ bụrụhaala na ibu na-ejikọrọ na usoro na a thyristor. Nke ziri ezi na nke ukpụhọde adabere ma ogologo nke akara electrode mgbaàmà. Na nke a, na thyristor-eme dị ka a ike regulator.

The thyristor na ya Ọdịdị

Thyristor - bụ a okporo ọkụ mmewere nwere a akara ọrụ. The crystal mejupụtara anọ n'ígwé nke p na n ụdị nke ọzọ. N'otu ụzọ ahụ wuru na triac. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe, ngwa, Ọdịdị nke mmewere na-agaghị emeli nke iji na-atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu na isiokwu.

Kọwara Ọdịdị a na-akpọ a na anọ. P-onu ebe Ọdịdị ejikọrọ thereto mma polarity ọnụ nke isi iyi nke ike, na-akpọ anode. N'ihi ya, nke abụọ n'ógbè n (nwekwara oké) - ọ bụ cathode. Iji ọ na-etinyere a na-ezighị ezi ike ọkọnọ voltaji.

Gịnị Njirimara nke thyristor

Ọ bụrụ na a zuru analysis nke thyristor Ọdịdị, ọ bụ omume na-ahụ na ọ na-atọ mgbanwe (elektrọn-onu). N'ihi ya, na Ẹkot circuit pụrụ kpụrụ na okporo ọkụ transistors (pola, bipolar, ubi) na diodes, nke ka ịghọta nke omume nke thyristor mgbe ike akara electrode.

N'ihe banyere ebe anode dị mma ikwu na cathode, na diode a na-emechi na ya mere na thyristor nwekwara dịkwa otú ahụ. Na ikpe nke na-agbanwe agbanwe polarity nke ma diodes abụchaghị eziokwu thyristor na-akpọchi. N'otu aka ahụ, Triac na ọrụ.

The na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke mkpịsị aka, n'ezie, na-akọwa abụghị nnọọ mfe, ma anyị ga-agbalị ime ya on.

Olee otú akpọchi thyristor

mkpa ka ị ntị ka Ẹkot circuit maka nghọta nke ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke thyristor. Ọ nwere ike na-ekewet nke abụọ transistors (transistors). Ebe a na ya na ọ bụ adaba tụlee usoro nke thyristor firing. Ọ na-akọwa ụfọdụ ugbu a nke na-aga site na thyristor akara electrode. Mgbe nke a ugbu a na-dechapụ-atụ direction. Nke a ugbu a na a na-ewere a ihe owuwu maka transistor nke p-n-p.

Ya mere, mkpoko ugbu a ọ ga-abụ ihe na oge (dị mkpa akara ugbu a bara uru ọtụtụ site uru nke transistor). Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-hụrụ na uru nke ugbu a isi nke abụọ transistor na conduction Ọdịdị p-n-p, ọ na-agbachi. N'ihi ya mkpoko ugbu a nke abụọ transistor bụ hà bụ ndị uru nke ma transistors na ibido preset akara ugbu a. Triacs (ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe na management na-atụle n'isiokwu) nwere yiri Njirimara.

Ọzọkwa, a na ugbu a ga-ike ikwu na mbụ-ezipụta na ugbu a akara circuit. Ma na-kpọmkwem uru na ị chọrọ ịnọgide na mbụ transistor na unlocked ala. Na ikpe, mgbe akara ugbu a bụ nnọọ nnukwu, abụọ transistors n'out oge jupụta. Esịtidem OS-aga n'ihu na ịnọgide na-enwe ya conductivity ọbụna mgbe mbụ ugbu a pua n'anya na-achịkwa electrode. N'otu oge ahụ na anode nke thyristor achọpụtara pụtara elu ugbu a uru.

Esi agbanyụ thyristor

The mgbanwe na-ekpochi ala nke thyristor bụ omume na ikpe na-emeghe cell electrode akara na-adịghị etinyere mgbaàmà. Mgbe nke a ugbu a tụlee ka a ụfọdụ ịdị ukwuu, na-akpọ hypostatically ugbu a (ma ọ bụ ugbu a mgbochi).

The thyristor agbanyụrụ na ikpe ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere disconnection na ibu circuit. Ma ọ bụ mgbe a voltaji na-etinyere na circuit (mpụga) agbanwe ya polarity. Nke a pụtara na na njedebe nke ọ bụla ọkara okirikiri mgbe circuit na kwadoro site na onye na AC isi iyi.

Mgbe arụ ọrụ thyristor circuit DC, Ịkpọchi nwere ike ime nke a site a dị mfe mgba ọkụ ma ọ bụ a n'ibu ụdị bọtịnụ. Ọ na ejikọ na ibu ke nsonso na a na-eji edepuchaala nwee ume na circuit. Na yiri ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke ike regulator na triac, Otú ọ dị, e nwere ụfọdụ atụmatụ na circuit.

Ụzọ anya thyristors

Otú ọ dị, mgba ọkụ nwere ike jikọọ ke ukem, mgbe ahụ, iji ya na-uzo anode ugbu a emee, na thyristor na-agafere na ekpochi ala. Ụfọdụ ụdị nke thyristors nwere ike Switched on ọzọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-emeghe mgba ọkụ na kọntaktsị. Nke a nwere ike kọwara site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'oge nke mbụ na nke kọntaktị parasitic nkwụsị capacitance thyristor akwakọba ụgwọ, si otú eke nnyonye anya.

Ya mere, ọ bụ na-achọsi ike ka pụrụ mgba ọkụ nke mere na ọ bụ n'etiti cathode na akara electrode. Nke a ga-hụ na thyristor agbanyụrụ kwesịrị, na-eduzikwa ugbu a ga-ebipụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, maka na mma na mma arụmọrụ na a pụrụ ịdabere na-eji kama a n'ibu inyeaka thyristor isi. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na-arụ ọrụ nke triac bụ yiri nnọọ ka ime ihe nke SCRs.

triacs

Na ugbu a nso na isiokwu nke isiokwu - ga-atụle a pụrụ iche banyere Thyristor - Triac. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe yiri ya na e weere na mbụ. Ma, e nwere ụfọdụ iche iche na e ji mara atụmatụ. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa iji na-ekwu banyere ya na ihe zuru ezu. The triac bụ a ngwaọrụ nke dị n'ala ala nke bụ a okporo ọkụ crystal. Ọ bụ mgbe eji na sistemụ na-arụ ọrụ na nwetụ ugbu a.

The mfe definition nke a ngwaọrụ - mgba ọkụ, ma gh. Na-ekpochi ala, ọ na-arụ ọrụ kpọmkwem otu dị ka ihe na-emeghe mgba ọkụ. Mgbe a mgbaàmà na-etinyere akara electrode nke triac ngwaọrụ emee a mgbanwe ahụ na-emeghe ala (conduction mode). Mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na nke a mode, ị nwere ike ise a yiri na mgba ọkụ, onye na kọntaktị na-emechi.

Mgbe mgbama anọghị na akara circuit, ọ bụla nke ọkara oge (na-arụ ọrụ na AC sekit) e nwere a mgbanwe site na Open mode triac na ime ụlọ. Triacs na-ọtụtụ-eji ọsọ agba anọ mode (e.g., na aghụghọ photosensitive switches ma ọ bụ thermostats). Ma ha na-ejikarị na akara usoro na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke na-adọ akara voltaji na ibu (regulators na-eji ire ụtọ).

Ọdịdị na ime ihe nke triac

Triac - ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla dị ka a symmetrical thyristor. Ya mere, nke dabeere na aha, anyị nwere ike ikwubi - ọ dị mfe dochie abụọ thyristors, nke na-gụnyere ke mgbochi yiri. Na nke ọ bụla direction ọ bụ ike nke na-agafe a ugbu a. Na triac nwere atọ isi mmepụta - akara, maka inye n'ókè na isi (anode, cathode), nke mere na ọ nwere ike gafee ọrụ okwukwo.

Triac (ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe maka "dummies" na okporo ọkụ mmewere nyere gị ntị) na meghere mgbe akara pin bụ kacha nta chọrọ ugbu a uru. Ma ọ bụ na o mere mgbe ndị abụọ ọzọ electrodes nke nwere ihe dị iche elu karịa ịgba uru.

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ngafe voltaji akpata triac na-triggered spontaneously mgbe kacha njupụta nke ọkọnọ voltaji. The mgbanwe na-ekpochi ala pụtara na ikpe nke na-agbanwe agbanwe polarity nke na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a ma ọ bụ ọnụ ka a larịị ala karịa nketa ugbu a.

Olee otú kpọghee triac

Mgbe kwadoro si mains AC bụ a mgbanwe nke ọrụ ụdịdị site na-agbanwe polarity na voltaji na-arụ ọrụ electrodes. N'ihi nke a, dabere ma na polarity nke ugbu a na-achịkwa, ị nwere ike họrọ 4 ụdị a na usoro.

Iche n'etiti arụ ọrụ electrodes a voltaji na-etinyere. A akara electrode voltaji nke ihe ịrịba ama na ncherita-na etinyere na anode circuit. Na nke a, nnofega quadrant triac - arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ, dị ka nwere ike hụrụ, bụ nnọọ mfe.

E nwere 4 quadrants, na onye ọ bụla nke ha na-ekpebisi ike na nke ugbu a tọhapụ, njigide, Nsonye. Ịkpalite ugbu a ga-aka iso rue n'oge mgbe ogologo oge dị ka ga-gafere ọtụtụ ugboro (2-3), ọ bụ uru nke nketa ugbu a. Na nke a bụ ugbu a nke triac firing - kacha nta chọrọ ugbu a tọhapụ. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-tufuo akara circuit ugbu a, ndị triac ga-conductive ala. Ọzọkwa, a mode ya ga-agba ọsọ rue n'oge mgbe ogologo oge dị ka nke ugbu a na anode circuit bụ ọzọ ugbu a mgbochi.

Gịnị mgbochi na-amanye onwe ya ịgbaso mgbe eji Triac

O siri ike na-eji mgbe ibu bụ inductive. Ọnụego voltaji mgbanwe na nke ugbu a dị nta. Mgbe triac tụụrụ si ekpochi mode na-emeghe, e nwere a ịrịba ugbu a na mpụga circuit. Voltaji anaghị dobe ntabi na ike ọnụ nke triac. A ike ga-ntabi-eto eto na esịmde ezi elu ụkpụrụ. The ike nke na-na-agamevu, n'ihi na obere oghere nke ukwuu enwekwu okpomọkụ nke okporo ọkụ.

Bụrụ na nke-uku na oké egwu uru bụ mbibi nke crystal, n'ihi na ókè ngwa ịrị elu ugbu a. Ọ bụrụ na a triac, nke bụ na a kpọchiri ọnọdụ, akpa a erughị ala na-agbawa na ọ na-amụba, a ga-a ọwa oghere (na-anọghị nke a akara circuit nke mgbaàmà). Nke a na onu pụrụ hụrụ n'ihi na eziokwu na-elekọta ìgwè emee n'ime parasitic capacitance nke okporo ọkụ. Ọzọkwa, ihe-ndebe ugbu a nwere a uru zuru ezu kpọghee triac.