Trombone, ngwá egwú: a foto, a nkọwa nke

Dị ka ndị ọzọ nchịkọta egwu ìgwè ndị egwú ngwá, trombone - a ngwá egwú na a pụrụ iche ụda na-akpali akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ bụ a zuru so na nchịkọta egwu ìgwè ndị egwú na Jazz ìgwè, ma ndị dị otú a sara mbara nzube bụghị mgbe niile - ọ kpọkwasịwo ọtụtụ narị afọ dị warara banye ngwa oru na ndozi.

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Si sụgharịa Italian na French «trombone» - nnukwu tube ma ọ bụ a nnukwu ọjà. The aha "trombone" amalite ga-eji na Renaissance na XV narị afọ. Ha na-anọchi anya ọla na Mpaghara, nke-enye gị na-eme ka ngwá uda ọzọ ala na oghere.

The obu ụzọ nke ngwá egwú ndị trombone na zoro aka na Renaissance na Baroque bụ sakbut. Ma okwu ogologo e ji mee ihe dị synonyms, ma ofu na supersedes na ndị ọzọ niile mgbe na Asaa na narị afọ, okwu bụ "trombone".

Timbre na nkọwa

Olee otú ndị trombone? Ngwá egwú, a nkọwa nke a pụrụ ịchọta ama ke XV narị afọ, ọ gbanwere ebe ọ bụ na oge abụghị nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ a abụọ kpebisiri tube na a ibughari ogbo. Akwụsị ya abatakwa cone. tube ogologo - atọ mita, dayameta - 1.5 cm. obligatory niile ifufe a ekwuchite - na trombone ọ bụ nnukwu, a ahazi nnukwu efere.

Na foto ngwá egwú trombone guzo. N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ ájà, na trombone ọzọ oru, na-enye ohere maka ezigbo mgbanwe site dee iji mara, ịrụ chromatic na glissando.

Ịmata ihe dị iche soprano, alto, tenor, bass, contrabass ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ. Ndị akacha eji tenor trombone.

Instrument iche - G (nnu) kontroktavy ka F (F) nke abụọ octave.

Olu ya - ala, oké olu na-ruo ogologo oge, dị iche iche-sounding elu na lowercase. Na n'elu bụ onwunwu na-egbuke egbuke timbre, na ala - na gloomy na menacing. Ruru ya timbral àgwà nke trombone ghọrọ a ngwá egwú, a tụkwasịrị obi solos na dum ọrụ.

The usoro nke ụda mmepụta

Bright, kpukpu ụda nke trombone na ya oru ike ruru ya Ọdịdị. N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ ọla, trombone nwere a ejikọta njikọ - ihe elongated U ekara mpempe na bụ akụkụ nke a ngwá egwú. Trombone site na ya enweta ndị ọzọ oru ike - enhances ụda nso na-eme ka ya mfe slide si dee iburu n'obi (glissando).

Ìhè anọ na fifths site na iji kvartventilya na kvintventilya dị otú ahụ kwe omume forms ndị na-ejighị na akụkọ ihe mere eme trombone.

Dị ka ndị ọzọ ájà, ogbi (muting) nwere ike ga-eji na arụmọrụ nke trombone.

Akwukwọ Nsọ echiche

Kwuo nke nnukwu ọjà na-nnọọ iche iche ma na-hụrụ ihe odide oge ochie. Egwu opi so site ịrịba ihe na bipụtara mmụọ ozi na archangels. Researchers na Akwụkwọ Nsọ odide na music nke oge kweere na ngwá ọrụ a - hatsotsra - oge ochie ifufe, vaguely reminiscent nke oge a na-afụ opi na trombone, ma ọ dịghị ihe nku. Ma, ọ bụ olu nke trombone na ọtụtụ ọrụ a na-olu nke Chineke, mmalite nke Ikpe mgbaàmà.

akụkọ ihe mere eme antecedents

Akwụkwọ zoro rocker ngwá egwú hụrụ ugbua na n'oge ochie. Isidor na Virgil na-egosi ihe pụrụ iche eji tube (tuba ductills), ebe ụda dịgasị dabere ọnọdụ nke ibughari akụkụ. Ọ na-amara na n'oge gwupụtara nke Roman Pompeii na XVIII narị afọ, abụọ trombones, ma metụtara nke a Nchoputa bụ ihe dị ka a akụkọ karịa a fait accompli ahuru.

Ọtụtụ nchọpụta kweere na ndị oge ochie trombones abụghị akụkọ ifo, ma banyere otú ha dị na olu ike na-eche na.

The mbụ aha trombone na ihe oyiyi metụtara XV narị afọ. N'oge a na e nweghị otu ngwá ọrụ aha: sakbut (. Fr «sacquer» - ikpuru na «bouter» - push), posaunen (. Eng), tuba ductili (. Italy) kwuru na ndị trombone. ha niile dokwara yiri ka a ga-achọta iche iche na isi mmalite. Popularity trombone na XV narị afọ, bụ elu ezuru - ọ na-eji na chọọchị ọrụ ghọọ akụkụ nke ụwa ensembles na solo ngwá. Ọ na-ekwe ka ide na ukwu obodo ememe na n'ọgbọ agha.

Igba na musical omenala

The omumu nke ngwá egwú ndị trombone-atụle ga-Germany ma ọ bụ Italy. Ebe a biri nke mbụ nna ukwu, manufactures silver trombones maka N'obí eze.

Na na Asaa-XVIII narị afọ. trombone ghọrọ metụtara na music nke gara aga. Ịnọgide ensemble na solo ngwá, ọ na-anọchi naanị na na-adịghị gụnyere ìgwè ndị egwú ikwọ. Nke a adịghị egbochi ọtụtụ-arọ ike ọrụ maka ngwá.

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, isi ngwa nke trombone olu ụka music ọ kpọrọ so ma ọ bụ na-abụ abụ olu na-eji maka nke a elu aha.

Classical Symphony eti egwú, kere na XVIII narị afọ site J. Haydn, ọ bụghị na-agụnye trombone. O doro anya na, ngwá ọrụ a chere na-adị oke ochie na anya-akụta na harmonic ụda tutti. Ke adianade do, oge abụghị mfri eke ya oru ndozi.

Na pụrụ iche ọnọdụ trombone, o sina dị, na-eji na a music nkiri. Ụda ya nweela ịrịba ama hue na usoro ihe nkiri nke Glück, na V. A. Motsart enye ya a mwute na egwu ọrụ ke opera "Don Giovanni" na "Requiem".

Trombone na nchịkọta egwu ìgwè ndị egwú

Introduction trombone ka a ngwá egwú na a nchịkọta egwu ìgwè ndị egwú bụ naanị na uzo nke XVIII-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ. si L. V. Bethovena. Berlioz oge mbụ e nyere ya na a zuru ezu solo akụkụ na symphonic music, ha kpọrọ ya ka a magburu na ùgwù ụda. Na oge a na akụkụ nke ìgwè ndị egwú a na-eji, na-emekarị abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ trombones (abụọ tenor na bass). Orchestras Wagner, P. I. Chaykovskogo, Mahler, Brahms echetụ n'echiche enweghị sonorous ụda trombone na agha, ebe olu ya jikọtara egbu na-eyi egwu agha.

The symphonic music P. I. Chaykovskogo ụda trombone atụ nke ihe oyiyi nke Rock, Providence. Na Wagner trombone, ọnụ na ndị ọzọ ọla-anọchi anya ike na enweghị mgbagha ike, Rock oyiyi. Uppercase R. Wagner-eji na-egosipụta ịhụnanya lyrics ( "Tristan na Isolde"). Nke a pụrụ iche na ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ N'ezie ahụ gaa n'ihu na music nke iri abụọ na narị afọ.

Na ubara mmasị na trombone na XIX narị afọ, ọ fọrọ nke nta iwu bụ ojiji nke glissando, nke e etinyere naanị ochie nke iri abụọ na narị afọ - A. Schoenberg na Glazunov.

Trombone na Jazz

Jazz trombone - a, ọrụ ọhụrụ nke a ngwá egwú. Ọ na-amalite na Dixieland oge - otu n'ime ndị mbụ mmegharị nke Jazz music. N'ebe a, ngwá ọrụ maka oge mbụ ghọtara dị ka a solo echepụta, eke countermelody na nkà iti ya. The kasị ama Jazz trombonists - Glen Miller, Echiche Ụgha Mole, Edward Kid Ory, kere ha style of play. Otu n'ime ihe dị mkpa ụzọ - accented Nchikota onye ndetu na ndị e ji mara glissando trombone. Ọ na-emepụta a pụrụ iche olu nke Dixieland 20s. Twentieth narị afọ. Ekele a Jazz trombonist, Jazz style metụtara na ifufe ngwá.

Trombone ụda na Latin American music - ọ na-akwalite agaa leta Jazz ensembles, nke bụ a trombone solo ngwá.

Modern ohere nke vasatail trombone - ịrụ oge gboo music ka ụda nke Jazz, na nkume, na ndị ọzọ ekwekọghị na ntụziaka. The ojiji nke ngwá ọrụ a na-aghọ ihe okike na-akpali, na ebe trombonist na-eti egwú ma ọ bụ ensemble - niile ọzọ pụtara ìhè.