Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke moto. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke AC moto. Physics, mezuwo 9

Taa ka ewere mmadụ mmepeanya na elu-tech otu gaghị ekwe omume na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik. Otu n'ime ndị isi ngwaọrụ na-akwado ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke eletriki ngwa, bụ engine. Nke a igwe hụrụ ihe ndị kasị zuru ebe nile: site na ụlọ ọrụ (Fans, crushers, compressors) ka ụlọ ojiji (saa igwe, u, wdg). Ma ihe bụ ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke moto?

oru

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke electric moto na ya ka isi ihe na-agafeta na-arụ ọrụ na ozu dị mkpa maka mmezu nke nkà na ụzụ na usoro nke n'ibu ike. The engine onwe ya na-arụpụta ya na-efu nke eletrik iwesa si okporo. Isi na-ekwu okwu, ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke electric moto bụ iji tọghata eletriki ume n'ibu ike. The ego nke n'ibu ume N'ịbụ ha kwa unit nke oge a na-akpọ ike.

ụdị Motors

Dabere na ndepụta e ji mara na netwọk nwere isi ihe abụọ na ụdị nke moto nwere ike mata: DC na akanamde. The kasị DC igwe bụ Motors na a na-agbanwe agbanwe, onwe na weere excitation. Ihe Nlereanya nke Motors na AC nwere ike igosi synchronous na asynchronous ígwè ọrụ. N'agbanyeghị ihe ndị yiri di iche iche, na ngwa na ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke moto nke ọ bụla ebe dabere na mmekọrịta na ugbu a na-eduzi ya na ndọta, ma ọ bụ na-adịgide adịgide magnet (ferromagnetic ihe) na ndọta.

Etiti na ugbu a - moto preimage

Isi ihe n'ihe a, dị ka ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke moto, nwere ike na-akpọ ntoputa nke torque. Tụlee otú ahụ a onu nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ nke a etiti na a ugbu a, nke mejupụtara abụọ na-eduzi na a magnet. Ugbu a na-etinyere na-eduzi site ileghara yiri mgbaaka nke na ofu na n'usoro etiti axis. Dị na ama ọchịchị nke aka ekpe na etiti ga-eme ihe-agha na ike torque ikwu na axis. Ọ bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke ngụkọta ike ga-bugharia na a counterclockwise direction. Ọ maara na ndị torque bụ ihe ra nrata nye magnetik itinye n'ọkwa (B), na nke ugbu a siri (m), na square etiti (S) na bụ dabere na n'akuku n'etiti ubi edoghi na ndị ikpeazụ axis. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru nduzi nke oge, na-agbanwe ya direction, eku ga oscillate. Gịnị iji guzobe a mgbe nile direction? E nwere ihe abụọ nhọrọ:

• gbanwere eletrik na a etiti na ọnọdụ nke na-eduzi ikwu na magnet okporo osisi ya;
• ịgbanwe ntụziaka nke ubi, n'agbanyeghị na eku agbagharị na nọgide direction.

A mbụ n'onwe-eji maka DC Motors. Na nke abụọ - bụ ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke AC moto.

Na-agbanwe agbanwe ntụziaka nke ugbu a ikwu na magnet

Iji gbanwere ngagharị nke ebubo ahụ na-eduzi na a ugbu a etiti, a ngwaọrụ nke kenyere ya na ntụziaka dabere na ndokwa nke na-eduzi. Nke a imewe na-emejuputa atumatu site n'iji eji kọntaktị, nke na-eji na-enye ugbu a na eku. Mgbe dochie otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ mgbanaka mgbe eku na-agba gburugburu a ọkara n'aka, na nke ugbu a direction na-nwesịrị na torque echekwa ya. Ọ dị mkpa ka na-atụle na otu mgbanaka bụ kpọkọtara abụọ halves nke na-gwara mmanụ ọ bụla ọzọ.

Ihe a haziri nke DC igwe

The n'elu atụ - bụ ụkpụrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ nke DC moto. The ezigbo igwe, ndammana nwere a ihe mgbagwoju anya Ọdịdị nke na-eji ọtụtụ iri nke okpokolo agba emejupụta ndị armature asọfe. The na-eduzi nke asọfe na-enịm ke pụrụ iche grooves na cylindrical ferromagnetic isi. Na nsọtụ nke windings jikọọ na dịpụrụ adịpụ yiri mgbaaka na-etolite a manifold. Asọfe, mkpoko na isi - bụ arịlịka n'usoro na biarin na ụlọ nke engine. The magnetik excitation ubi na-eme site na okporo osisi nke na-adịgide adịgide nju, nke mere ndokwa na ụlọ. The asọfe na jikọọ na mains, na ike na-agụnye ma onwe ha si arịlịka yinye na sequentially. Ke akpa idaha, na moto ga nwere a iche iche excitation, nke abụọ - na-agbanwe agbanwe. E nwekwara imewe nke mbuaha excitation mgbe iji nanị abụọ na ụdị asọfe njikọ.

synchronous igwe

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke synchronous moto bụ mkpa ike a n'usoro n'usoro ndọta. Mgbe ahụ mkpa ka ị na-etinye na igbe streamlined agbanweghi agbanwe na ntụziaka nke ugbu a na-eduzi. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke synchronous moto, nke bụ nnọọ ebe nile na ụlọ ọrụ, nke dabeere na n'elu atụ, na a etiti na a ugbu a. The n'usoro ubi na-emepụta site na magnet a kpụrụ site asọfe usoro na jikọọ na mains. Emekarị na-eji atọ-adọ windings, ma ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke otu-adọ moto AC ga-dị iche iche si atọ-adọ, ma e wezụga na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị n'ụzọ onwe ha, nke bụ na-adịghị mkpa mgbe n'ịtụle imewe atụmatụ. The windings na-enịm ke stator ohere mpere na ụfọdụ mgbanwe circumferentially. Nke a na-eme ka ike a n'usoro n'usoro ndọta guzobere ikuku ọdịiche.

synchronism

A nnọọ mkpa mgbe bụ synchronized ọrụ nke electric moto nke n'elu-ewu. Na na mmekọrịta nke ndọta na ugbu a na rotor winding na-kpụrụ ya moto adiana usoro nke bụ synchronous na-akwanyere adiana nke ndọta kpụrụ akpụ site na stator. Synchronism ga-nọgidere na-enwe ruo kacha torque, nke e mere site na-eguzogide. Mgbe ibu enwekwu, igwe pụrụ inweta na mmekọrịta.

itinye n'ọkwa moto

The ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke electric itinye n'ọkwa bụ ọnụnọ nke a n'usoro n'usoro ndọta na mechiri emechi okpokolo agba (na sekit na sekit) na rotor - ịtụ òkè. A ndọta-kpụrụ na n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka na nke synchronous moto - eji ohere mpere emi odude ke stator windings jikọọ ihe nwetụ voltaji netwọk. rotor windings na-ekewet nke iri loops na kpuchie bụ n'ozuzu abụọ na ụdị nke arụmọrụ: adọ na mkpụmkpụ-circuited. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke ihe AC moto ma ikpe bụ otu ihe ahụ, naanị imewe nke mgbanwe. Na ikpe nke a osa-onu rotor (makwaara dị ka "osa onu") asọfe wụrụ awụ aluminum wụsara n'ime grooves. Na mmepụta adọ asọfe nsọtụ nke ọ bụla na-adọ outputted n'èzí site na eji-kọntaktị yiri mgbaaka, dị ka a ga-eme ka ndị ọzọ resistors sekit di mkpa maka ịchịkwa engine ọsọ.

Anam Udeme igwe

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke traction moto yiri moto na kpọmkwem ugbu a. Site ugbu a na-ọnọ na mains nzọụkwụ-elu transformer. Ọzọ, a atọ-adọ nwetụ ugbu a na-agafere na pụrụ iche traction substations. E nwere a rectifier. Ọ na-atọghata AC ka DC. Na Scheme ya rụrụ ya otu polarity na Trolley waya, ndị ọzọ na - ozugbo na rails. Ọ ga-echeta na ọtụtụ traction usoro-arụ ọrụ na a ugboro ole dị iche iche si guzosie ike ulo oru (50 Hz). Ya mere, iji chastotnik maka moto, na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ nke bụ iji tọghata ugboro na ịchịkwa a ji mara.

Site pantograph welitere voltaji na-ọnọ na-ulo ebe-amalite resistors na contactors. Na rheostats controllers jikọọ na traction Motors, nke na-ndokwa na axles bogies. Si ha, a ugbu a na-aga site na taya na rails wee laghachi na traction substation, si otú emechi electric circuit.