Guzobere, Akụkọ
-70 T (tank) akụkọ. Nkọwa, nkọwa, tank foto
Enwechaghị ahụmahụ nke agha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe ịrịba ama e mere Nikolaem Aleksandrovichem Astrovym Soviet tank T-70.
Site n'iwuli a ọhụrụ tank agha kewapụrụ ndị mwute eziokwu: agha-anwale ìhè na-ajụ tankị nke Red Army (ihe nlereanya nke T-38 ka T-60) n'ime afọ mbụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gosiri ha na-abụghị competitiveness.
Na January 1942, 70 tank e gosiri Stalin dị ka onye enwekwukwa version nke gara aga nnọchiteanya nke akara nke ìhè tankị T-60, na site na March malitere ya uka mmepụta.
Brief TTX ìhè tank T-70
Tụlee isi e ji mara ụmụ Astrova:
- frontal agha ọkpụrụkpụ: ike - 45 mm; top - 35 mm;
- n'akụkụ agha ọkpụrụkpụ - 15 mm;
- isi mgwo agha: egbe ala caliber 20-K 45 mm (mbụ na-eji na tank T-50);
- mgbọ - 90 akụ ụta;
- 7,62 mm igwe egbe, 15 cartridges nke 945 discs;
- abụọ anọ na-strok isii cylinder petrol engine na ike nke 70 lita. p.;
- cross-mba ọsọ - ruo 25 km / h na okporo ụzọ - 42 km / h;
- cruising na teren - 360 km na okporo ụzọ - 450 km;
- na-enye ụgbọ ala - redio ma ọ bụ 12T 9P.
Tank T-70 oru ngo na mbụ dị oké egwu
T-70 - tank nke World War II, nke reviews na-emegiderịta. Ma ọ bụ - n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke arụpụtara tankị (fọrọ nke nta 8.5 puku nkeji) bụ nke abụọ naanị ama T-34! Ebumnobi anya ya na-eme na adịghị ike na-ekpughe na isi kpatara nke a mere na technical mishap. Ọ bụ banal: a ọdịda mgbe bụ a ngo na e butere ma na-akwalite akwụsị ọrụ (na nke a - agha), na n'elu party na-edu ndú.
The mbụ tupu agha tesis nke armored agha - "Army mkpa ezi ìhè tank!" - bụ ihe ọjọọ. Strategy abụghị olileanya nke Wehrmacht gaa na akaụntụ (dị ka o mere na 1942), ogbunigwe caliber 50 mm na 75 mm. Mesikwuru iro egbe irè masịrị ọ bụla n'akuku T-70. Tank conceded na German "Agu" na "akukonta" na egbe 75 nlele ma firepower na agha nchedo on. The isi nke ise Panzer Army Katukov ME unflattering dere banyere ha G. K. Zhukovu, na-egosi na ojiji nke T-70 agha tank na-abụghị n'ihi na nke ọnwụ nke na-ekwe nkwa tupu.
Nkọ họọrọ imewe direction?
N'ezie, ndị WWII Russian tankị ibido kere banal site rụọ ọrụ ndị gara aga nlereanya, enweghị ihe ọ bụla amụma na ndabere nke ọgụgụ isi kere site iro nke ogwe aka nke n'ọgbọ agha. Dabere na ndị e kwuru n'elu, na regularities iyi unflattering reviews banyere ezughị okè nke T-70. Dị nnọọ mma tank T-60 - ọ bụ ezughị. Ugbu a, mgbe ihe karịrị afọ 70 ahụ ebe ọ bụ na mmejuputa oru ngo nke na ngwá agha, anyị nwere ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu ziri ezi na-efu nke ndị dị otú ahụ na-akpali.
Light tankị (ha foto - àmà) ga-abụ ezigbo Ndị Mbụ World War. Ọ bụ n'ihi na egbe nke na oge ọ fọrọ nke nta impenetrable agha tank Astrova mmebe. Nke abụọ dị mkpa akpan owo bụ ọsọ, maneuverability, na T-70.
Na ndị ọzọ okwu, mkpa n'ihi na mmepụta nke ìhè tankị maka agha na n'etiti XX narị afọ bụ pụrụ ichetụ n'echiche nke Soviet strategists nke oge ahụ, na-toro ma tactically ma ọ putara ighe kemgbe Civil War. Ahịa ngwá agha ga na-eche nke ọma nke dịkọrọ ndụ agha echiche!
T-70 kwuru na ọ bụ imewe flaws - oriọna ya ọdịda?
Ndị dị otú ahụ adịghị emezi emezi bụ ahụkarị nta niile ìhè tankị nke oge, ya mere, na-achọ ụzọ, na-ekwu a eziokwu: ọ dịghị onye n'ime ha mere n'ezie irè n'ọgbọ agha.
All ìhè WWII Russian tankị e mere n'okpuru iji na-eduga mmebe Astrovym Nikolaem Aleksandrovichem, dị ka T-70. Ule nke ọhụrụ na ngwá agha, na-eduzi 1941, kwuru na ọ bụ ebe maka mmelite mma nke tank:
- na mgbakwunye na nke agha;
- nnọchi nke otu nkedo a abụọ hegzagon ụlọ elu;
- ike nke nnyefe akpụkpọ ụkwụ, torsion nkwusioru, bandeeji rollers;
- nnọchi nke isi na egbe na ihe oge a (nke ikpeazụ ka e emejuputa).
Gịnị ka m nwere na-ekwu? Enwere ọtụtụ flaws na pụta ụwa na isi nlereanya? Ma ọ na-a bụ isi ihe nlereanya e ekwu na Red Army?
Inappropriateness nke ìhè tankị n'ọgbọ agha owụt n'ihu mmalite nke tank: Army nke mba dị iche iche ji nwayọọ nwayọọ hapụrụ ụkpụrụ nke ihe agha nke n'ọgbọ agha. Kama nke ahụ, ha mepụtara ọzọ ìhè armored ugbo ala, tumadi na-arụ ọrụ nke huu na agaghịkwa na-eje ozi bụ isi ọkụ ike nke armored n'ọgbọ agha. Otú ọ dị, na aka nke ọzọ, usoro nke na-eke na modifying T-70 o mee dị nnọọ okike.
Oghere Usoro ụdị
Industrial mmepụta nke ìhè tank T-70 na-emepụta ihe n'onwe kwekọrọ na mbụ oru ngo Astrova mmebe, nakwa dị ka na a gbanwetụrụ n'onwe, na T-70M.
The mbụ ụdị bụ a disarmed agha Mkpa ọkụ arọ - 9,2 m na ndị ọzọ ammo - 90 projectiles; abụọ - ukwuu arọ (9.8 m), enweta ke efu nke ọzọ ntinye akwụkwọ amplification nkeji na akụkụ. Mgbọ modernized tank ahụ belatara 70 agba.
N'eziokwu, ọ bụ structurally dị iche iche ọgụ ugbo ala, na-enwe dị iche iche, ọ bụghị kennyeghari akụkụ.
Kursk - a fiasco maka ìhè tank T-70
Army mkpa n'ezie ọkara na arọ tankị na ike n'ụzọ dị irè-ebibi onye iro armored ugbo ala.
Anyị na-adịghị na-anụ party bosses aghụghọ repressed gbara ke Re nke Military Collegium nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Soviet Marshal Mihaila Nikolaevicha Tuhachevskogo: "A ga-eme n'ọdịnihu agha ga-agha tank nkeji!"
Na, ya, na-agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ nke USSR na 1942 e amị nnukwu quantities nke T-70 - tank ọgụ ike nke na 1943 ike iguzo gbakee - nkwụsi oncoming tank agha nso obodo nke Prokhorovka (Agha nke Kursk aak).
The agha azọpụtaghị 75 m na 50-m caliber iro ogbunigwe mfe mere ya ụzọ ọbụna ya frontal akụkụ. Ọzọkwa, tank pụtara ngwangwa ọbụna gharazie ịba uru German regimental ogbunigwe caliber 37 mm. Exam tank agha ahu dara na, karị, mgbe Kursk Arc uka mmepụta nke T-70 e kwụsịrị.
Otú ọ dị, dị ka ọ dị mwute na ọ bụ nke abụọ ogbo nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, mgbe Red Army e ịka-apụghị igbochi egbochi, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nwere nkà n'Ịlụ Agha isi kwara ụta maka nnwụchu ijeoma na T-70. Tank mgbe niile, n'agbanyeghị ndị doro anya, a bara uru!
N'aka nke T-70 ọgụ àgwà
Agaghi-enye mata ya nke oma beginners-ụgbọ mmiri tanker. N'otu oge aces tank agha a siri ike ma na n'ọhịa ebe ọbụna na-ahọrọ nke a ìhè igwe ọzọ armored T-34 nkezi. Gịnị ka ha na-akpali nke a oke? Firstly, German arọ egbe na arọ tankị fọrọ dokwara masịrị T-34 na T-70. Ọzọkwa, n'ihi na nke nta akpa ume tank iji ọkụ na ọ bụ omume site n'ebe dị anya nke ọkara a kilometa, mgbe T-34 - a kilometa anya.
Ọzọkwa, na-eji T-70 nwere ike ga-eji na mmewere nke mberede agha nke onye iro. N'otu oge arọ na IP tank na nkezi T-34 na-precluded site n'ime otú ahụ n'ihi na nke ọgba dizel engines.
Almost azụ azụ, hụrụ, we chupu cross-mba ụlọikwuu nke ndị iro nke ìhè tank T-70. Mgbe mkpọtụ ọrụ paired mmanụ ụgbọala n'ụgbọala engine ike nke 140 lita. a. site larịị yiri ụda dị nnọọ ụgbọala. Lieutenant General Bogdanov kọrọ na Main armored Directorate na T-70 ruru ya ala mkpọtụ n'ụzọ zuru okè mezuru ọrụ nke ikpe nke alaghachi azụ iro.
Location nke manu tankị na azụ nke ikpe nyeere-eme ka nnọọ obere igbasu mgbe kụrụ a tank.
Na 1944, mgbe tank nkeji nke Red Army nwere banyere iri na ise na narị tankị T-70, WGC si Commissariat nke Arọ Industry kwuru ya arụmọrụ ke mepere emepe ọgụ. "Semidesyatka" bụ trudnoporazhaemoy "Panzerfaust" na grenade si ha obere size na elu maneuverability.
Workability
Ọ ga-ghọtara na Soviet tank T-70 na imewe tụgharịa si otu n'ime ndị kasị mma technology. N'ihi ya mmepụta e ji juputara ezi mmepụta isi nke GAZ osisi. Irè imekọ ihe ọnụ e guzosie ike na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na-suppliers nke akụkụ na mmiri.
Ọma ịrụzi ngwá agha na ndabere nke T-70 haziri, mebiri emebi na n'ihu.
Ná mmalite Designer ASTROFF guzosie ike ya mmepụta na Gorky Automobile Plant.
Na 1942, ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nwere tọhapụrụ 3495 nkeji nke na ngwá agha, na na 1943 - 3348. Mgbe ahụ, T-70 mmepụta ke 1942 e debugged na factory №38 (Kirov). Ebe a, na 1378 ndị a tankị na-emepụta.
Zubere maka mmepụta nke tankị-ewetara Sverdlovsk factory nọmba 37. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-adịghị akwadebe ebe a, na nkà na ụzụ na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị oké elu. Chọrọ ugboro abụọ engines karịa T-60, mmepụta nke ọzọ dị ike akpọrepu agha bụ ihe na-eri oge. N'ihi - a obi umeala n'ihi: 10 tankị na cessation nke mmepụta.
Ile bughi erughị eru nke tank
Nke bụ eziokwu bụ doro anya: echiche nke irè ìhè tank na asakde iso ese nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gosiri na a zuru ezu utopia. Ya mere, na-arụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke T-70 oru ngo (n'agbanyeghị a ọtụtụ mbụ engineering ngwọta, nke anyị ga-ede) N'ezie ele anya dị ka a Sisyphean ọrụ mmanye, t. E. Ndi ịkụ afọ n'ala.
Ka na-amalite na eziokwu na Soviet tankị of WWII (na isiokwu nke anyị nkọwa ndị dị ka nke ọma) na-abụghị nke na-enweghị doro anya njikọ-Ọdịdị, nke pụtara 5 ngalaba:
- ndutịm;
- moto (nri - n'etiti ahu);
- mara (ulo-elu na hapụrụ - n'etiti nke ahu);
- nri (ebe mmanụ ụgbọala tankị na okpomọkụ ahụ na-emi odude).
Tank na yiri itieutom bụ n'ihu wheel mbanye, otú ahụ Chassis akụkụ ji vulnerability.
T-70 - armored ngosi ngosi nka na Kubinka (nso Moscow)
Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na ìhè tankị (foto Japan si "Ha-Gaa" na German PzKpfw-II, oge a T-70, e gosiri n'okpuru) ga-e-ewere n'ime akaụntụ ọrụaka ma mara ibiere ibe nanị:
- oru oma oke nke ọrụ n'etiti ndi oru ugbo ndị òtù (ọtọ bufee tank ọchịagha na a ji ebu mmadụ abụọ, na-agụnye mehanika- ọkwọ ụgbọala);
- firepower egbe bụ ezughi oke (ìhè tank imewe ẹkekerede dị ka isi ogwe 45 millimeter threaded akpaka egbe ala 20-K sample 1932 afọ).
Ndị chọrọ ịhụ ụdị nke na ngwá agha T-70 - na isi egbe na coaxial igwe egbe na ya Dt-29 caliber 7,62 mm - anyị nwere ike ikwu na ịga a pụrụ iche agha armored Museum (Kubinka). Ọbịa ka ihe ngosi nka nwere ike hụrụ na ngwá na ụlọ ọrụ nke ebe ndi oru ugbo ndị òtù.
The tank ọchịagha bụ na ụlọ elu unit, nke a na-dechapụ n'aka ekpe ikwu na longitudinal axis, na-captures ekpe n'etiti òkè nke ụlọ. Dị ka ya ọrụ, ọ gwara omume nke onye na-akwọ via ájá, na ekwu na ọnọdụ, na ebubo ndị arị arị nke ngwá agha na coaxial igwe egbe na ya.
Ọkwọ ụgbọala nọ n'ihu nke hulls, n'etiti.
Ebe ọ bụ na ngosi nke ọma weghachiri eweghachi na, dị ka ha na-ekwu, bụ na ọ laa, ndị njem pụrụ tụlee ọrụ nkeji na nkeji nke T-70, amounting na a visual echiche. Gịnị ka anyị bu n'obi mgbe anyị kwuru ọtọ bufee tank ọchịagha ha? Ukwuu n'ibu, eme Filiks na ọ bụghị akpaghị aka. Nke a erughi nwere ike kwuru, na gara ngosi nka (Kubinka). Ọ dị mkpa jiri nlezianya nyochaa usoro nke weghachiri eweghachi agha ụgbọala. Na-ekpe ikpe maka onwe gị:
- ntuziaka nnyefe ụlọ elu adiana na ngwaọrụ ahụ;
- ntuziaka inwego mbanye maka egbe;
- by firing agba shrapnel-ụdị ọkara akpaka emeghị ọkụ, nke bụ ihe na a manyere aka emeghe valvụ na dọpụtaara red-ekpo ọkụ nọrọ ikpe.
N'ihi na ihe ndị a anya igbochi agha, oru ngo ọnụego - ruo 12 agba kwa nkeji - kemgbe ike. N'ezie T-70 emepụta kwa nkeji 5 gbaa.
Site n'ụzọ, na otu ihe ngosi nka, ya bụ na ndị ulo-ǹdò-nọmba 6, ọbịa nwere ike ịhụ tankị nke Nazi Germany: "tiger" na "Panthers" onye lụrụ ọgụ ndị Soviet tank n'ihu anyị.
Ngwa ngwa, ghọrọ usoro, ma ka ezughị okè, Soviet tankị n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ ka mgbe ụtọ uche nke onye ọbịa.
Chassis choro T-70
Kpọmkwem maka T-70 e mepụtara ejima engine GAS-203. N'ihu - na engine GAZ-70-6004 na azụ - GAZ-70-6005. Shestitselindrovye anọ strok engines - abụọ derated dịkwuo pụrụ ịdabere na ọrụ ndụ.
Ketara n'aka gara aga nlereanya T-70 nnyefe vyzyvavala nzaghachi a dị mma nke ukwuu. Ọ gụnyere:
- sọrọ-ipigide;
- gearbox 4-ọsọ;
- nzọụkwụ ụdị propela aro;
- bevel ikpeazụ mbanye;
- multi-diski n'iru clutches;
- otu-ahiri ikpeazụ drive.
Katapila T-70 gụnyere 91 nke track obosara 26 cm.
Kama a nkwubi okwu a: ndị na ngwá agha na ndabere nke T-70
Otú ọ dị, T-70 bụghị a nwụrụ anwụ-ọgwụgwụ nlereanya. Self-propelled egbe Su-76 e mepụtara site KB osisi №38 (Kirov) dabere na ya elongated Chassis. Isi mgwo agha nke ACS bụ 76-mm egbe ZIS-3. na tank shei onwe ya T-70 gosiri na nkà na ụzụ na elu na ekwe.
Design nke ọhụrụ na ngwá agha bụ ndị dị ịrịba ama. The mbụ Constructor semen Aleksandrovich Ginzburg ebubo nke na-abụghị existent "mmehie" mgbe mwute mmetụta nke Cusco arcs, napụ ikike rụọ, zigara n'ihu, ebe ọ nwụrụ. Site n'aka na-emegide ya na-ewu nke a tank Commissioner Zaltsman I. M. Otú ọ dị, nke a oké ọchịchọ agha n'oge na-adịghị akpali wepụrụ ọrụ.
Họpụtara ya post Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Malyshev họpụtara mpi maka mgbanwe nke Su-76, ebe ndị nnọchiteanya nke GAZ osisi na nọmba 38 tinyere aka.
Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị ACS e reconfigured na-etinye n'ime uka mmepụta. 75-mm egbe ọma ibibi onye iro onwe-propelled egbe, ìhè na-ajụ tankị. Ọ Umuihe dịtụ irè na-agwa okwu siri ike "akukonta", punching egbe nkpuchi na akụkụ ihe agha. Na mgba na ọhụrụ na ndị ọzọ armored "Agu" Su-76 gosiri na ya adighi ike ruo mgbe iwebata nke cumulative na ịkpọpu projectiles.
Na nkera nke abụọ nke 1944 na ogwe aka nke Red Army banyere onwe-propelled-emegide ugbo elu ngwá agha ZSU-37, kere na ndabere nke Chassis nke T-70.
Taa, na-anakọta, Fans nwere ohere ịzụta ọ bụla nlereanya nke T-70. The price nke bụ isi ihe nlereanya (ndụ-size) - 5 nde rubles. Ọha na ọ na-onwem na mbụ Chassis, ma, n'ezie, abụghị maka ọgụ. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-enye ọhụrụ na ndozi si akpụkpọ anụ n'ime ime ka sonar.
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