Agha "Mikasa": nlereanya, foto, oru ngo ntule, mmebi, ebe?

Taa ọ bụ siri ike ịhụ onye maara banyere Russian-Japanese Agha nke ihe ọ bụla. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ vaguely echeta mgbochi nke Port Arthur, ma nke a na ihe ọmụma na-emekarị-akwụsị.

Na n'efu, n'ihi na agha - kacha mkpa milestone nke mba anyị, otu n'ime ndị isi na-akpata nke October mgbanwe, dị ka na N'ezie nke hostilities definitively chọpụta ma enweghị ike nke eze na ndị ọchịchị ọma amata mpụga na esịtidem egwu, na ime ihe ha n'oge mkpochapu.

Otu n'ime ihe nnọchianya nke see ghọrọ (na Japanese n'akụkụ) agha "Mikasa". Japanese ka mpako nke a ụgbọ mmiri, ọ ugbu a na-eme dị ka a ese n'elu mmiri ngosi nka.

Isi

Na oge nke na-ewu nke ụdị agha ghọrọ onye kasị ike na oké njọ na njikere agha nke ọwụwa anyanwụ, otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu n'ụgbọ mmiri nke oge. Ọ na-aka, dị ka ndị flagship nke Admiral Togo, na agha n'etiti Russia na Japan. Ọ abuana ke Port Arthur nke ihe ndị na Tsushima Battle. N'oge Ụwa Mbụ ekpemede n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Japan. Ugbu a agha "Mikasa" - a ngosi nka dị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Yokosuka.

N'ihi na nke e kere ya?

Na 1895, mgbe Japan meriri ndị agrarian na backward China, nke bụ kpam kpam na-atụghị anya maka ụwa obodo omume. Ka ọ dịgodị, Japanese na-ka na-adịghị afọ ojuju na ha onwe ha alaeze ukwu oké ọchịchọ, na ọrụ dị mkpa ọ na-egwuri na mba anyị. Nrụgide sitere n'aka ndị Russian Alaeze Ukwu, ha nwere iji kwụsị ime ka ha ikike ka Manchuria, dị ka ha nwere na-eme ka a ogbugbu nke "ezi uche", na-enye ndị na mbụ weghaara Lushun (Port Arthur). Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na na Chefoo mgbe bụ Russian skwodron, nke na-ekwurịta okwu na Japanese achọghị.

Otú ọ dị, Japanese ọchịchị ghọtara na ha ka na-na-alụ ọgụ megide Russia, na mmeri, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ ọtụtụ ihe hypothetical nkiri nke ọgụ arụmọrụ ga-adabere na ịga nke ọma nke arụmọrụ nke nsoro (nakwa nnweta). Na 1895, ndị Japanese were shipbuilding usoro ihe omume afọ 10, na-enye maka owuwu nke a buru ibu ma na oge a na nsoro nke ọgụ.

mwube

Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ Japanese ano n'oge ahụ mere ka afọ ju chọrọ nke modernity, ndị agha "Mikasa" e wuru na UK. Maka imewe nke ihe English engineer Makrou D. S. ihe ọhụrụ, ọ na-echepụta, ma, nanị dabeere ya ọma pụtara British battleships klas "Canopus". 'Nkpuru' ya na bụ "Mikasa". Agha bụ a kwesịrị "nọchiri nke obiọma", na-adọrọ ma nke oma ma na-ezighị ezi n'akụkụ nke English oru ngo.

Bookmark ụgbọ mmiri e rụrụ na Barrow ano ụlọ ọrụ Vickers (n'ọdịnihu tank emeputa). Ọ mere na 24.01.1899 afọ. Mmiri ga-eme n'ọdịnihu flagship nke Japanese nsoro na oru 11.08.1900 afọ. Na-arụ ọrụ ya ẹkenam, na 01/03/1902. Site na oge, anyị na e aruzu niile nzọụkwụ nke ala ule. The na-eri nke ngo bụ dịghị ezi data, ma akụkọ ihe mere eme kweere na ọ bụ dịkarịa ala, a nde pound, nke n'oge ahụ na "dollar Ẹkot" hà nde anọ.

ụlọ e ji mara

Ọ dịghị dị iche iche na nke ndị ọzọ arịa wuru n'oge 1895-1896 afọ, ndị agha "Mikasa" aghọwo a classic nnọchiteanya nke ụgbọ mmiri-akwụkwọ Sir William Genri Uayta.

Housing kpọkọtara si ígwè shipbuilding adịchaghị, usoro ga-eme ka ahụ ahụ okpokolo agba - transverse. Single-oche ship e wuru atụmatụ, ọ dịghị òkè mkpọchi okpokolo agba bụ nnọọ obere, ma n'otu oge ahụ mkpọchi amidships na AFT dị iche iche pụta ìhè. Inside ikpe pụrụ iche mmiri ghara ịba n'ime partitions e mere ndokwa, site na nke ụgbọ mmiri na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ obere compartments. Ha nyere ndị ọzọ kwụsie ike na arịa na kọntaktị na torpedoes.

A ikpehe armadillo atụle abụọ mbadamba na abụọ na ala. The ụba agha oyi akwa na-akpọlite a larịị bronepaluby. The abụọ iche atụmatụ nke ụta nke ụgbọ ahụ a ngwa ngwa, nke e kwesịrị ije ozi dị ka a iti ebule. Ke adianade do, armadillo "Mikasa" (foto ya na-egosi na ihe) nwere a akpọ n'oké elu oche. Mpụta keels e bu n'obi ime ka iku ụgbọ mmiri n'oge bukwa ụzọ sụọ.

Na nganga nke British Shipbuilders bụ akụkụ nke Hartman Rahtien, nke na-ekpuchi mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ahu ihe. Ọ na-egbochi fouling shells na mma na-agba ịnyịnya quality ụlọ, na-ebelata ikpuru nke ọmụmụ.

Nkọwa ahụ agha

Ele Mmadụ Anya n'Ihu Ndahie nke ahu - karịrị 15 tọn. Full Ndahie - 16 tọn. Oke Ogologo - 132 mita, n'etiti perpendiculars - 122 mita. The nkezi obosara nke ahu - 24 mita, nkezi omimi - asatọ mita.

Agha "Mikasa" dị iche n'ihe ndị ọzọ n'ụgbọ mmiri, wuru na Japan, eziokwu ahụ bụ na o nwere a dị nta ọdịiche dị n'etiti Barbet 305-mm egbe. Nke a rụpụtara na a kọmpat, ma n'otu oge, ndị dị otú ahụ a haziri mkpebi mere ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume maka echichi nke 152-mm egbe na otu casemates. Ma n'ihi na ndị na-emepụta nwere dozie a na-abụghị ndị na-adịchaghị mkpa nsogbu na pụrụ isi chọta nke a ụgbọ mmiri nke atọ armored eriri. The elu nke isi agha belt - banyere 2,5 m n'elu mmiri ọ we bilie dị 70 cm.

Na mpaghara nke ufọt ufọt ngalaba ọkpụrụkpụ nke agha ruru 229 mm, ma mmiri n'okpuru osimiri na ọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata ka 127 mm. Tinyere n'ọnụ nke citadel agha bụ thinner, ruo 178 mm, na banyere agha agazu ya kpam kpam ruru 102-127 mm. Ọ na-kacha mma na-echebe ebe nke citadel onwe ya. Ebe ọ bụ na o were isi bronepoyas, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike na-echebe ya 152-mm agha.

Structurally mkpa karịsịa atọ agha belt nke gbatịrị ruo elu oche. Ya isi ọrụ bụ maka ichebe ndị batrị isii nke anụ ọhịa egbe. Anyị na-ama kwuru na ụfọdụ nke imewe mkpebi na e kweghị ka wụnye 152-mm egbe na otu casemates, ma, ọ agbasaghị anọ egbe na elu oche. Ha na-echebe site na 152 mm na n'èzí agha 51 mm - site n'ime.

N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ndoputa

Best nke niile na-echebe barabety isi ọkụ na warships ulo - 356 mm agha. Mmasị barabetam akụkụ nke citadel e dị ka nke ọma armored - "na" 203 mm ígwè. Ebe ọ bụ na-agazu elu oche adjoined ka osisi site a ò n'akuku, ndị na-emepụta na-echebe ha agha efere ọkpụrụkpụ nke 152 mm naanị. Nke bụ iji nagide gunfire na n'otu oge ahụ, mmemmem imewe nke ụgbọ mmiri.

All egbe Dabara Adaba chaplet na-kpuchie site echebe Ibé akwụkwọ nke a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 254 mm (ọkpọiso). N'akụkụ na ụlọ na-echebe a obere njọ - 203 mm. Upper oche mesikwuru Ibé akwụkwọ nke 25 mm. Lower oche (egbe n'ime citadel) nwere a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 51 mm (agaghi asu bevels na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ 76 mm). Nice na-echebe ma na turtleback, nke ra ka 76 mm akwụkwọ.

Ọzọkwa, ndị injinịa nyere magburu onwe nchedo conning ụlọ elu, nke e nwere ndị isi ụgbọala akara ngwaọrụ (ie, sterịn wheel, intercoms -ekwurịta okwu na niile agha posts). N'ihi na ọ na anyị na-eji a pụrụ iche Krupp agha nke ọkpụrụkpụ bụ 356 mm, na AFT ulo (otu chọpụtara) e chebere ya obi umeala, e agha efere nwere a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 76 mm.

Ke ofụri ofụri, agha "Mikasa", onye nlereanya e mepụtara nke kacha mma English engineer, bụ onye mbụ nke Japanese ụgbọ mmiri, nke e ji mee ihe iji chebe nchara na-arụpụtara site Krupp usoro. Tupu Harvey agha e ji, onye na-eguzogide e belata 16-20%. Site n'ụzọ, zuru arọ nke agha na "Mikasa" ruru 4091 tọn (fọrọ nke nta 30% nke ngụkọta tonnage nke ụgbọ mmiri).

The propulsion usoro nke ụgbọ mmiri

abụọ na-aro atụmatụ e ji rụọ. The "obi" nke ụgbọ mmiri ndị atọ-cylinder uzuoku engines arụpụtara site "Vickers". A atụmatụ nke a na usoro bụ ike iji "Mmaji mgbasa" ụzọ, si otú ike ịzọpụta mmanụ a na-iji nweta a kacha nso nke njem na otu ndochi. The pistin ọrịa strok bụ ihe karịrị otu mita!

okporo ọsọ na ụgbọ ọsọ mode esịmde 125 rev / min. E ji n'ịwa uzuoku ji esi mmiri ọkụ 25 Belleville, idi kacha Alụlụụ mgbali nke 21 n'arọ / cm². Dị ka engine ụlọ ya, ha mmiri arụpụtara site "Vickers".

Ngụkọta elu nke ji esi mmiri ọkụ esịmde 3.5 puku m. ^2, n'ozuzu size grates ruru 118,54 m ^2. Na dayameta nke abụọ mpio anwụrụ ọkụ gafere anọ mita! The e mere ike nke onye ọ bụla nke ike osisi hà 16 000 l / s, nke na-ekwe ka iru a cruising ọsọ nke 18 mara akpụ. N'ezie, naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị na-eyi na-igwe na usoro maka adọ ọrụ. Akpan akpan anya ugwo injinia propela mere nke manganese ọla.

Ọ na-enyere gị na-ahụ otú e wuru agha Mikasa, ụgbọ mmiri Eserese, nke ị ga-ahụ na peeji nke a akwụkwọ.

mmanụ ụgbọala ebuka

Kol chekwara na ụgbọ mmiri abụọ nnukwu hoppers inyịme tinyere perimeta nke ma mbadamba ndokwa yiri igwe ụlọ. Na ha elu bụ ndị dị otú ahụ ụgbọ mmiri tanker na obere unyi bilie n'elu isi oche: ya mere na nzube, na-enye mma nchebe. A, na osisi ebubo 700 tọn coal, ya kacha ngwaahịa bụ 1.5 puku. Ise.

Na a na-agba nke iri mara akpụ ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike merie 4,600 amụ ka kilomita na cruising ọsọ (16 mara akpụ), karịa anya, 1900 amụ ka kilomita. Na Itie nke ala ule otu bụ ike "raskochegarit" ship ruo 16.5 puku. L / s na a ndekọ ọsọ nke 18,45 mara akpụ.

General seaworthy e ji mara flagship ndị mara ezigbo mma, ma mara mma na-adịghị ike obi ụtọ ụgbọ mmiri nwere a ọchịchọ "eli" a-efegharị efegharị. A ikeike ọnwụ nke na-agba ndị e ji mara. Ke adianade do, otu nwere ike anaghị adịkarị-eji na-osisi ogbunigwe ngwá agha.

ọzọ avionics

On osisi e nwere atọ uzuoku generator na ike na-a kpọmkwem ugbu a voltaji nke 80 V, ha ngụkọta ikike ruru 144 kW. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ a dị ezigbo mma arụmọrụ.

On osisi na-atọ Martin-aghọ ndị na arịlịka wụnye. Ke adianade do, ikwado kenkwucha ọgụ nsuso ozi na-eje ozi isii spotlights. Na nke a, ha abụọ dị na Mars, na anọ - ke etak ubom na ụta nke akwa.

Iji hụ na a pụrụ ịdabere na na njikọ flagship, Japan (nakwa dị ka niile gara aga ikpe) aka a nkwekọrịta na Italian ụlọ ọrụ "Marconi". Radio poolu agbatị n'etiti foresail na mainsail poolu. Communication nso kọrọ ihe dị 180 amụ ka kilomita.

Maka nnapụta arụ ọrụ n'oge torpedoing nyere sere n'elu pụtara 15 nke dị iche iche nha.

Ọgụ ngwa, Port Arthur

08/02/1904 (New Style - January 26) agha "Mikasa" wee agwaetiti gburugburu, na-na nso na Port Arthur. N'elekere ise na mgbede ọ bụ na flagship poolu flags na-egosipụta, na ọdịnaya nke nke na-agụ: "Gaa na agha na a tupu ẹkedọhọde plan. Jisie. " Ninth February "Mikasa" (na skwodron nke asatọ battleships) wee ozugbo na Port Arthur na aku na Russian nsoro.

Ke 11 ọ na-amụ ihe ọkụ isi ọkụ, na anyị bụ ụgbọ mmiri na a anya nke 46,5 cable si ogologo-ya. A ole na ole sekọnd mgbe e mesịrị flagship akwado ọku fọdụrụ mmiri nke Japanese, adịghị anya mgbe ọ malitere iti Russian ironclads na n'ikpere mmiri batrị.

Ugbua na 11,16 e dere ya a kpọmkwem hit na "Mikasa" 254-mm projectile. Ọ rụpụtara mmebi nke mainsail na mbibi nke (ele mmadụ anya n'ihu) AFT nke mmiri. Merụrụ ahụ asaa ndị. A nkeji ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị - ọzọ kụrụ, wee see mainmast. Ọ dịkarịa ala ugboro atọ site shrapnel adọwa agha ọkọlọtọ, bụ nke fọrọ nke nta ozugbo eyịride ke ebe. Na 11,45 Admiral Togo, ndị agha ọchịagha, nyere iwu ka skwodron agbahapụ.

N'oge ahụ, ndị agha "Mikasa" mmebi nke na-adịghị na-anọchi anya a kpọmkwem ihe iyi egwu, ọ pụrụ ịnọgide na-alụ ọgụ. Togo were na ụgbọ mmiri nke si labelụ ala gbara osimiri okirikiri batrị ọku projectiles nke, ọbụna mgbe a otu hit, ọ pụrụ iziga a ụgbọ mmiri na ala.

N'ụbọchị ahụ, ọ bụla bara uru nke ọma na-adịghị esonyere site na ihe ọ bụla nke na n'akụkụ nke agha. Na-eme n'ọdịnihu na "Mikasa" dị ịrịba ama karịsịa omume agaghị mere, ma ya ụgbọ mmiri jisiri egwupụtakwa a ugboro ole na ole idiọk imebi ụfọdụ Russian battleships.

Tsushima

Site n'oge spring 1905 agha Mikasa ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu weghachiri eweghachi mgbe agha. Nyere ahụmahụ nke gara aga agha, ndị Japanese elu iwu nyere iwu ka budata dịkwuo mgbọ on board. Na ọ dị mkpa a nnọọ Japanese on May 14 na 13.10 nkeji, mgbe Agha nke Tsushima.

The agha kere ihe karịrị otu ụbọchị. N'oge a, ndị Japanese agha "Mikasa" natara banyere 40 wɔfrɛ wɔn T (na ọ bụ - na ihe ndị kasị mkpa). Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-na 305-mm shells. Kasị tụgharịa keihuojoo atọ casements 152 mm egbe ala. Ya n'elu ụlọ emewo wee 305-mm Russian shei. N'ihi ya, gburu ihe itoolu ndị mmadụ. The ụgbọ mmiri bụ ihe ndabara ọma na-enwe abụghị gbawakwara mgbọ.

Mgbe awa abụọ n'otu ebe (!) Ọ bụ 152 mm projectile. Nke a na oge egbu mmadụ abụọ ndị ọzọ-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, ma mgbawa ahụ na aga na ikpe, site na-enwe obi ụtọ ukem ini, e ẹse. Ọzọ mmebi mere ka ụzọ ọpụpụ nke ọtụtụ egbe si eme ihe, na a di na nwunye nke ebe ha malitere ịgbasa ize ndụ ahụ agha efere.

Ma nnọọ njọ dị n'elu-adọba ụgbọala nke September 11 na isi na Sasebo. Ma ka guzobere ihe mere n'ihi na nke gbawakwara ọtụtụ ndị na-osisi mgbọ. Agha "Mikasa" (nke nwere a foto ke ibuotikọ) wee ngwa ngwa na ala. Ọ zọpụta ya dịtụ obere omimi, ma, ọbụna ndị dị otú ahụ ọnọdụ, naanị nke-anọ na-anwa mgbake bụ a ịga nke ọma. Ozugbo gburu 256-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, 343 ọzọ ndị mmadụ merụrụ ahụ, na ekemende owụt egbu.

A nnukwu oghere osisi mechie, na mgbe 11 ọnwa ahụ ka ụgbọ ahụ azụ ke n'ohu. Otú ọ dị, ọ were ọzọ afọ abụọ nke ikpeazụ liquidation nke pụta nke ọdachi. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ ụgbọ mmiri e patrolling n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Japan, abuana ke aka, e akwụsịtụ na Bay of Vladivostok.

N'ikpeazụ, si Navy ship a chụpụrụ na 1923. Site n'ụzọ, onye ọ bụla ma ka na-ike ịhụ ụgbọ mmiri "Mikasa" (agha). Olee ebe ụgbọ mmiri ugbu a? Ọ na-anọchi Yokosuka.

Na mberede, usoro nke mgbanwe n'ime a ngosi nka agha n'onwe ya nyere injinia a ọtụtụ nsogbu. Nke mbụ, ọ dị mkpa ka igwu a nnukwu akọrọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, jupụta ya mmiri ... na-eme ka ahụ ya a arịa kpam igbapu n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ. The ụgbọ mmiri ka na-anọchi, gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ ntụpọ na waterline, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na n'ụzọ zuru ezu njikere maka ọhụrụ mkpọsa.

Oyiyi-ya na ọtụtụ-eji na-art. Ya mere, na-enye gị a agha "Mikasa" akwụkwọ i nwere ike fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla ụlọ ahịa ihe ncheta. Ke adianade do, ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike hụrụ na ọtụtụ video egwuregwu, ọ na-emekarị kwuru na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ.

kama ẹkụre

Ya mere, ole chioma bụ agha Mikasa? The nlereanya nwere ya English si malite, ma nke a na nwa afọ nke Albion gosipụtara ebube na-emegharị ka Japanese gburugburu ebe obibi.

Na mberede, ọ bụ England, n'ezie, ka uru site na-ewu nke ụgbọ mmiri. Firstly, na mba nwere ohere were a utom ke shipyards. Nke abuo (ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ), ihe fọrọ niile "metụtara ngwaahịa" dị ka gunpowder Japanese nwekwara zụta ke UK.

Ma ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa bụ na omume: British ọkachamara juputara mụọ ịga nke ọma nke Japanese na Russian-Japanese War, nkwubi okwu, ka amụma, na-ekpebi otú kacha mma ime nke ugbua ya nsoro. Ma ọ bụ - na-enweghị isonyere agha!

Dị nnọọ otú ihe ọma bụ agha "Mikasa"? Project nwale bụ nnọọ elu. Ndị ọkachamara kwuru a ezigbo akwụkwọ na ọbụna ụlọ, mma-agha, magburu onwe ya mma ngwá ọrụ nke ụgbọ mmiri. quality agha ígwè na-karịsịa kpọrọ oké: ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ihi na ya Njirimara, mgbe ahụ, na 1905, ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ndụ iri anọ kpọmkwem wɔfrɛ wɔn T.

Ọzọkwa, armadillo "Mikasa" (ọgụgụ gosi ya) nwere otu nnukwu ọgụ survivability. Ọ na-e-enweta site ò ndokwa nke mmiri ghara ịba n'ime compartments.

Na ihe na-adịghị ike nke oru ngo? Ha nwekwara ọtụtụ. Nke mbụ, anyị na-ama kwuru ụgbọ ọchịchọ "eli" ọbụna na ala-efegharị efegharị. Nke abụọ, Japanese ochiagha achọbughị a ụgbọ mmiri na a cruising ọsọ nke 25 mara akpụ, ma n'ezie, ihe agha nwere ike na-mee ngwangwa ruo 18 mara akpụ.

Otú ọ dị, ndị a bụ ndị na-abaghị uru. Na omume, ya tụgharịa na naanị ịrịba drawback bụ obere mgbọ. Ọzọkwa, ndị injinịa hụrụ na ọ na-ewe ogologo maka Kporo nke egbe nke isi ọkụ.