Aircraft ụgbọelu "Liaoning". The flagship nke nsoro nke China

China zụtara si Ukraine na 1998, na-ahụkarị uko bụbu Soviet ugbo elu ụgbọelu nke Navy "Varyag" na 2002, n'ikpeazụ nwetara ya. Mgbe a ọkpụrụkpụ refit na a na-ano na Dalian ke edem edere China ụgbọ mmiri a họpụtara na September 2012 na renamed "Liaoning" na nsọpụrụ nke ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ógbè. The isi ọrụ nke ụgbọ mmiri - eje ozi dị ka a ọzụzụ n'ala maka Chinese agha mmiri nweta ahụmahụ na ọrụ nke oge a na ugbo elu ụgbọelu, nakwa dị ka ịzụlite na imeziwanye nkà na ụzụ ga-eji mgbe emebe na ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri na a na klas.

ire ere ngwaahịa

Na mbụ, na ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Liaoning" a maara dị ka a arọ ugbo elu-ebu ugbo agha "Riga". Ọ bụ nke abụọ ụgbọ mmiri nke Project 1143.5 (klas "Admiral Kuznetsov") na Soviet Navy. 67,500-ton ship tọrọ na Black Sea na-ano na Nikolaev, Ukraine, 12.06.85 na ulo oru na 04.12.88. Ọ renamed "Varyag" na July 1990. Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union ke 1991, nwe-ya zigara Ukraine. N'ihi enweghị ego na-ewu ahụ kwụsịrị na 1992. Site na oge, 70% nke ugbo elu ụgbọelu e wuru. Structurally, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ e dechara, ma ọ dịghị mgwo agha, ngwá electronic na Chassis.

China maka oge mbụ gosi mmasị na "Varyag" azụ na 1992. Official nnọchiteanya nke China gara ụgbọ mmiri, guzo na ebe ugbommiri na-ekedo Nikolaev ano, ma mkparita uka ndidi adịghị amị mkpụrụ bụ n'ihi na nke a na-ese maka na price. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị na-ahụkarị uko "Varyag" nọgidere na n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri unattended maka 6 afọ. Ná ngwụsị nke 1990, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nọ na-auctioned na zụtara site a Chinese ụlọ ọrụ na Macau for $ 20 nde maka akakabarede n'ime a ese n'elu mmiri cha cha na ogige ntụrụndụ. The nkwekọrịta na Ukraine iwu asịwo iji ụgbọ mmiri agha na nzube. Tupu na-ere niile agha ugbo elu akụrụngwa a kagburu iwu.

Si-ese n'elu mmiri cha cha na flagship nke Navy of China

Na 1999, afọ 11 mgbe launching, "Varyag" n'ikpeazụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, chụpụrụ ọtụtụ ike tugs na Far East. Otú ọ dị, ụgbọ mmiri e kweghị ya gabiga na Bosphorus Turkish ọchịchị na ahịhịa na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ bụ de-nyere na bụ oke ibu a n'ihe ize ndụ ka ndị ọzọ arịa na akpọkwa ke Strait. "Varyag" e odude nso Strait na afọ atọ. Mgbe Chinese ọchịchị tinyere aka ma na 2001 Turkey bufee $ 1 nde dị ka a nkwa, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ e mesịrị kwere ka ọ nọgide na njem ha.

November 4 "Varyag" bụ a 10-mgbe oké mmiri ozuzo na mebiri arịlịka nso àgwàetiti Gris Skyros. Mgbe ọtụtụ ọma mgbalị iji nwetaghachi akara nke ụgbọ mmiri, a helikọpta nke Greek Coast Nche kpọpụrụ na 7 arụ ọrụ òtù. Mgbe ọdịda mgbe na-agbalị itinye a eriri eriri tug-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri nwụrụ Haliva onye mmeri. The ite ọzọ chịkwara na otu ụbọchị.

Mgbe a ọtụtụ njem "Varyag" na March 2002, n'ikpeazụ rutere Dalian ano ke edem edere China nọ n'ebe ahu n'okpuru oké nche. Site n'oge ọ ghọrọ doro anya na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ bụ na ogige ntụrụndụ ga-agbanwe mgbe. Kama, ọ nọ na-agafere na Navy of China maka nnyocha na mweghachi. Na ụgbọ mmiri, China natara drawings na oru ngo akwụkwọ. Na 2005, ugbo elu ụgbọelu na-adịzi a akọrọ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Dalian ano na-ese na agba ntụ naval nsoro na China.

N'ọrụ mweghachi e dechara ke mbubreyo 2006. Ekem, ke April 2009, ụgbọ mmiri e zigara ya ọzọ akọrọ-n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka echichi nke engines na ndị ọzọ na nnukwu ngwá ọrụ. Echichi malitere ke mbubreyo 2010. Site March 2011 na superstructure na elu oche bụ fọrọ nke nta ezu, okokụre eserese na ụda njìekwu wepụrụ.

"Research arịa"

Na June 2011, ndị isi nke mkpara nke Ndị mmadụ Ntọhapụ Army, General Chen Bingde ka nkwenye na China na-ewu ụgbọelu ụgbọelu. Ọ bụ nke mbụ ukara ude nke ịdị adị nke ndị dị otú ahụ a oru ngo. July 27, China si Ministry of National Defense mara ọkwa na ọ ga-re-kwadebe ụgbọ maka "nnyocha sayensị, nwere na ọzụzụ nzube." Anọ mbụ ụbọchị oké osimiri ọnwụnwa ụgbọ mmiri mere na August, na mgbe ahụ malitere nke abụọ usoro nke ule na December, tupu a laghachiri factory maka finalization.

September 25, 2012 ụgbọ mmiri e eze etinyere n'olu n'okpuru aha ọhụrụ nke ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Liaoning» (CV-16). Na November, ndị Ministry of Defense enen na Chinese fighter J-15 ọma dechara ọ dabara na takeoff na ijide gia. Press China na-egosi na arụ ọrụ ọzụzụ ga-anọgide na 4-5 afọ ruo mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ga-adịghị eru ya kacha nwere.

oche dabeere ugbo elu

The flagship nke nsoro nke Chinese ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Liaoning" nwere a obere runway, onwem aerofinishem. Were-apụ na-facilitated site ọnụnọ nke gọzie gị ramp n'akuku 14 Celsius. The oche na-onwem na a breeki USB. Abụọ lifts na staabod n'akụkụ aga ugbo elu site na hanga na ụgbọ elu oche.

USS "Liaoning" ike ibu 24 "na-efe efe shark" - multipurpose oche alụso Shenyang J-15, gụnyere ha abụọ variant - fighter ọzụzụ J-15S. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-enye ọtụtụ ụdị nke shipborne helicopters, gụnyere helicopters Chinese mmepụta Changhe Z-18, Z-18J AEW na Z-18F ASW, Harbin Z-9 nakwa dị ka Ca-31. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebuga aircrafts - 36 nkeji.

agha

"Variag" mbụ e onwem antiship agha usoro "Granite» (SS-N-9 ụgbọ). Obubata e kagburu ka ire nke ụgbọ mmiri na China, na a agha isi - n'oge akakabarede, dịkwuo size of ụgbọelu hanga.

USS "Liaoning" usoro a kwadebere n'ụzọ na-adịghị nso ikuku na-azara ọnụ, nke na-emi esịnede anọ agha agbachitere usoro HQ-10 (FL-3000N), ọ bụla na a 18-agha obubata, yiri a ọdọk-116 usoro eji site US Navy. Mgbanwe nke na-adịghị nso agba "ikuku na-ikuku» Nam-90, HQ-10 onwem na sọrọ n'ezinụlọ Rada, ihe infrared homing isi na nwere a kacha nso nke 9000 mita. Ọ na atụmatụ mma version onwe ha n'ọrụ infrared isi na nwere a kacha nso nke 10000 m.

Ọzọkwa, USS "Liaoning" na-onwem na abụọ usoro mkpụmkpụ-nso-agha nke ụdị 1030, nke na-anọchi anya a 10-gbọmgbọm n'onwe 730 CIWS ụdị usoro. Iji a 10-gbọmgbọm 30 mm egbe 2 na-nri igbe 500 mgbọ. Otu ụlọ ahịa na-emekarị ebubo kemwepu ihe-agha-ịkpọpu mgbọ. Efu cartridges na-atụba na-atụ na ala nke usoro. The egbe na-achịkwa si n'èzí, na a kacha ọnụego nke 3.5-6 puku. Gbaa / min. Ya égbè nso a na-ejedebeghị na 3000 m, ma ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-na-na-emetụta na a anya nke 1000-1500 m.

Communication usoro na lekwasịrị nchọpụta

China si ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Liaoning" na-onwem na ndị dị otú ahụ igodo ngwaọrụ:

• Rada lekwasịrị nchọpụta ụdị 382 Eagle S / C (n'elu nke poolu na mmasị);
• mmiri Rada;
• ọku akara Rada HQ-10 Sam;
• Rada lekwasịrị nchọpụta ụdị 346 na a set nke anọ ifịk poolu arrays na electronically scanned na akwa;
• Rada ugbo elu;
• navigation Rada;
• nkwukọrịta poolu;
• satellite efere.

ike osisi

Aircraft ụgbọelu "Liaoning" na-onwem na ọkọlọtọ powerplant yiri echichi nke ụgbọ mmiri "Admiral Kuznetsov" Russian Navy. Ọ mejupụtara 8 boilers na anọ uzuoku turbines nke 50,000 lita. a. ọ bụla. The ụgbọ mmiri na-onwem na anọ rollers na a ofu pitch propellers.

Aircraft ụgbọelu "Liaoning": Tartus

Na September 2015, a kọrọ, na Chinese agha mmiri si flagship gafere na Suez Canal na-aga n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Syria. Israel agha ọgụgụ isi website kwuru na ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Liaoning" rutere Tartous, Syria, so site na-eduzi agha ugbo agha. Mbata nke agha ugbo elu na helicopters, na-atụ anya site ufọt ufọt November kpọmkwem site China via Iran ma ọ bụ na-enyemaka nke Russian iga ugbo elu dabeere na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na a Russian isi nso Latakia.

Chinese agha ọkachamara agọ a. Ọ na-obi ike na China gaghị akwado ìgwè ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na Syria, n'ịgbaso mma na ebumnobi obibia nke a nke. Ke adianade do, a Siria agha iyi kwuru na ọ dịghị Chinese warship mere na-aga na Siria territorial mmiri.

South China Oké Osimiri esemokwu

Ebee bụ ụgbọelu ụgbọelu "Liaoning"? The ụgbọ mmiri dị nso ka China si territorial mmiri na-eje ozi dị ka a show nke ike na mpaghara, nke na-erughị ala na-eto eto ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, nakwa dị ka maka ọzụzụ nke ndi oru ugbo na naval ụgbọelu. Mgbe nke abụọ ụgbọ mmiri nke na klas a ga-wuru adịghị anya, ma naanị ya mmepụta. A rata maka launching ugbo elu na-eji ọzọ, nke, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-enye ohere ụgbọelu na-ebu ọzọ ibu, jiri ya tụnyere ike nke akpa agbapụ àkụ mee, eji na fọrọ nke nta niile ụgbọelu na-ebu nke US Navy ike.

Na abụọ ụgbọ mmiri na a na klas, China ga-aghọ onye na-J.Randall club - bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nọ n'ọrụ arịa bụ nanị maka Italy na India. Apart bụ US Navy si iri kasị warships na ụwa.