Akụkụ harmonic oscillations na ihe ọ pụtara na ọmụmụ nke ọdịdị nke oscillatory Filiks

All harmonics nwere a mgbakọ na mwepụ okwu. Ha Njirimara e ji mara ndị set of trigonometrical arụmarụ, mgbagwoju nke kpebisiri ike site mgbagwoju anya nke oscillatory usoro, usoro Njirimara na gburugburu ebe ha na-eme, i.e., mpụga ihe na-emetụta ndị oscillation usoro.

Ka ihe atụ, na-arụzi ụgbọala nke harmonic oscillation bụ a ije, nke e ji:

- egbu agwa;

- mkpumkpu;

- akpụ akpụ n'ụzọ dị, nke pụtara site a enweghị ma ọ bụ cosine trajectory dị ka a ọrụ nke oge.

Dabere na ndị a Njirimara, nwere ike ime ka harmonic oscillations akụkụ, nke nwere ụdị:

x = A cos ωt ma ọ bụ ụdị x = A mmehie ωt, ebe x - ahazi uru A - uru nke njupụta nke oscillation, ω - ọnụọgụ.

Dị otú ahụ ihe akụkụ nke harmonic oscillations dị oké mkpa maka niile harmonic oscillations, nke na-atụle n'isiokwu na-kinematics na-arụzi ụgbọala.

Egosi ωt, nke na a usoro guzo maka ihe ịrịba ama nke trigonometric ọrụ, a na-akpọ na-adọ na ya na-egosipụta ọnọdụ nke oscillating uka mgbe na a nyere oge na a nyere njupụta. Mgbe n'ịtụle cyclic fluctuations ifịk akụrụngwa bụ 2n, ọ na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'ibu vibrations n'ime oge okirikiri na na-denoted w. Na nke a, ndị akụkụ nke harmonic oscillations nwere ya dị ka ihe index uru nke a cyclic (okirikiri) ugboro.

Anyị na-atụle ihe akụkụ nke harmonic oscillations, dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, nwere ike dị iche iche, dabere na ọtụtụ ihe. Dị ka ihe atụ, ebe a bụ otu nhọrọ. Iji tụlee na esi akụkụ nke free harmonic oscillations, onye kwesịrị ịtụle eziokwu ahụ ha niile na-attenuation. The dị iche iche nke oscillation, a onu-egosipụta onwe ya na ụzọ dị iche iche: kwụsị a na-akpali akpali ahu, na radieshon nchupu ke eletriki na usoro. A mfe atụ atụ Mbelata oscillatory nwere, ya akakabarede n'ime okpomọkụ omume.

Nke a akụkụ nwere ụdị: d²s / dt² + 2β x DS / Dt + ω²s = 0. Na nke a usoro: s - uru afụ uru nke e ji mara Njirimara nke a akpan akpan usoro, β - mgbe nile na-egosi a damping ọnụọgụ, ω - cyclic ugboro.

Jiri nke a usoro na-enye ohere obibia nke nkọwa nke oscillatory Filiks linear usoro si a otu ele ihe anya, na-eme ka imewe na ịme anwansị nke oscillatory Filiks na nkà mmụta sayensị na ibuo larịị.

Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ na-amara na damped oscillations na ikpeazụ ogbo nke ya ngosipụta agwụcha harmonic, ie udi nke ugboro ole na oge ha na-nanị efu na-ekwu na-adịghị ghọtara.

The classic usoro maka ịmụ harmonic vibrations anamde harmonic oscillator. Na mfe ụdị ọ bụ a usoro nke na-akọwa a esi akụkụ nke harmonic oscillations: DS / Dt + ω²s = 0. Ma manifold oscillatory Filiks na-edu ndammana eziokwu na e nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke oscillators. N'ebe a, ha bụ isi ụdị:

- a spring oscillator - nkịtị ibu-enwe a na-uka m, nke na-kwụsịtụrụ na ihe na-agbanwe mmiri. Ọ oscillates harmonic ụdị, nke na-kọwara nke usoro F = - kx.

- anụ ahụ oscillator (pendulum) - siri ike, oscillates gburugburu a static axis n'okpuru nduzi nke a ụfọdụ ike;

- mgbakọ na mwepụ pendulum (na agwa fọrọ adịghị ime). Ọ bụ ezigbo ihe nlereanya usoro esịnede nke oscillating anụ ahụ na-enwe a na-uka, nke na-kwụsịtụrụ na a isiike ịbụ eri.