Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn: biography, onye ndụ na akwụkwọ

The Russian ụmụ akwụkwọ iri na abụọ na narị afọ, ihe dị mkpa n'ebe a na-arụ otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee nkà dere. Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - ede egwuregwu na-ede akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akụkọ maka ụmụaka.

biography

Young dọkịta ezinụlọ na ọha ọgụgụ Jacob Iehilevicha Vygodsky-ndinyom egwuregwu dọkịta Elena Semenovna Vygotsky (nee Yadlovkina) biri Vilna Russian Alaeze Ukwu. E nwere August 11, 1884 ama a nwa - Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Biography nke girl ekemende jupụta nhụsianya, ọrịa na iru újú. Ọ ga-enwe na-adị ndụ ọnwụ nke nna, nwa na di-ya.

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Bestuzhev Higher Ọmụmụ maka Women na St. Petersburg.

Sasha sere revolutionary ọrụ. Ugbua n'oge ya akwụkwọ na Institute, ọ abaala nzukọ na-nyere aka dọọrọ n'agha na ndị mkpọrọ. Na-akụziri ndị dị mfe na-arụ ọrụ na-agụ ma na-ede.

M na-eme njem na France na Zurich, nke na-adọta niile okpuru. Mgbe mgbanwe nke 1917 Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn tinyere ndị ọzọ na okpuru wee malite iwu a ọha mmadụ ọhụrụ. O meghere ihe karịrị otu narị akwụkwọ na klọb iwepụ amaghị. N'otu oge ahụ na-akwadebe olu maka ụmụ nkiri.

Alexander Y. ata ahụhụ site na ọrịa nke auditory ngwa. N'ime afọ, ya ntị ochichi ụba. Banyere ndụ ya onye dere mechara dee ihe autobiographical akwụkwọ, "Ndị ụzọ na-aga n'ebe dị anya." Enye ama akpa ke Moscow September 20, 1968.

ezinụlọ

Alexander nna bụ a na-agbachitere ndị Juu, ata onwe ya ahụhụ-dọkịta gbalịrị inyere onye ọrịa, n'agbanyeghị mba ha ma ọ bụ n'ọkwá anya. Yakov Yefimovich ụbọchị ọ na-arụ ọrụ na obodo ụlọ ọgwụ, na na mgbede nyeere ndị ogbenye. Ike gwụrụ nke ukwuu nke na aka ya na-ama jijiji.

Alexandra nwere a nwanne - semen Yakovlevich Vygotsky, bụ onye mesịrị ghọọ engineer-constructors, na-ede akwụkwọ dị iche iche monographs.

Sasha na ya nwanne Simon welitere, na-achọ nna ya. Ha bụ ndị dị nnọọ ka Yakov Yefimovich, achọghị ọdịmma onwe gbalịrị inyere ndị mmadụ.

Na 17 afọ, ọdịnihu Soviet edemede nwunye dọkịta-physiatrist Sergeya Brushteyna, onye bụ okenye karịa ọ dị afọ iri.

N'oge na-adịghị, na 1904, afọ, ha nwere a nwa, Nadezhda Sergeevna Nadezhdina. Ọ ghọrọ a choreographer na kere a ndiife egwu ensemble "Birch". Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, a mụrụ nwa nwoke Mihail Sergeevich Brushteyn - n'ibu engineer na mgbe e mesịrị isi engineer nke mmepụta ihe "Red October". O nwere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mepụtara na Patisseries.

The ezinụlọ Alexander niile gara nke ọma. Ọrụ ya nile na-ebipụta, m na di anya isi na Institute of physiotherapy.

The agha na ndụ nke Brushtein

Ma n'oge na-adịghị mbụ World War. The Germany ukwuu infringes na ikike nke ndị Juu na-amanye na-akwụ ụgwọ ihe indemnity. Nna Alexander Mandelstam gbachitere ha, na-enyere aka ya dị ọcha ụzọ mgbapụ si n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'oge na-adịghị na nnọọ Yakov Vygotsky Germany jidere. O ji ọtụtụ afọ n'ebe ha mara ụlọikwuu na agụụ na oyi na-atụ. Ma ọbụna n'ebe ahụ, ọ gbalịrị inyere ndị mmadụ site n'inye ọgwụ. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, onye dere nna tọhapụrụ.

Na na 1941, mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere, 85-afọ dọkịta e jidere ọzọ. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ọ nwụrụ.

Alexander nwa, Michael na-arụ ọrụ na azụ. Site n'ịrụsi ọrụ ike gosiri oké ọrịa obi. Na a obere oge, ọ nwụrụ. Nwa Hope gagharịa na n'ihu na naanị ndiduọ ọbọhọ. Mgbe agha Sergei Brushtein nwụrụ si ọrịa obi na ọrịa. N'ihi na nke mmetụta siri ike Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn ngwa ngwa malitere ida n'anya-ya. Ma, m na-arụ ọrụ ike karị.

akwụkwọ

Alexander Y. - na-ede akwụkwọ nke ihe karịrị iri isii iberibe maka ụmụaka. Otu n'ime ha bụ ihe ndị kasị mma-mara "-acha anụnụ anụnụ na pink", "nwere ike", "N'ihi ya, ọ bụ." Ọ bụ akwụkwọ nke arụmọrụ site maara nke ọma n'akwụkwọ "Don Quixote" (na 1928), "A etu World" site Dickens (1954th) na "Uncle Tom na ulo" (1948th afọ). Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ya e bipụtara n'okpuru pseudonym nke na-ede akwụkwọ Alexandra Yakovlevna Nirge.

Na 1956, o bipụtara autobiographical akwụkwọ "The Road ...", dere site Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Book dere imbued na ezi, ezi omume na ndị mmadụ n'anya. aka Atụmatụ nwere ike dị na ha.

A obere bit banyere "The Road ..."

The akwụkwọ mejupụtara atọ akụkụ. The mbụ a na-akpọ "Ndị ụzọ na-aga n'ebe dị anya." Ọ na-agwa banyere afọ itoolu Sasha, na prototype nke bụ ya onwe ya a dere. Young Sasha na-ahụ a otutu na-ezighị ezi ná ndụ - ịda ogbenye, agụụ na-agụgbu ụmụ ha.

N'otu oge, ke park Sasha hụrụ armless artist, na-eru a na foto nke ha ụkwụ. Sasha chọrọ n'ezie ya ka o nyere na nkwado, otú kpebiri ịzụta otu nke ya na ihe osise. Ọ nyere ya a odida obodo ma nye a ijeoma ndụ, nke na-girl chetara ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.

The akwụkwọ ngwa ngwa ghọrọ-ewu ewu na Soviet Union. Ọ bụghị nanị na a akụkọ, ọ bụ a ịzụ ụmụ akwụkwọ. The "Road" bụ nnọọ na-emetụ, na ịhụnanya na-akọwa Alexander Y. na obodo ya Vilnius.

n'ihu nke akụkọ

Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, na 1958, afọ, bịara na akụkụ nke abụọ nke trilogy "Mgbe hour nke chi ọbụbọ." Ọ na-agwa banyere afọ nke ọmụmụ na Institute Sasha. N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike nke ọzụzụ, ọ bụ ihe kasị mma na-amụrụ. N'oge na-adịghị ọ na-mụrụ nwanne Simon. The otu Sasha kwuchara ya ọmụmụ. The akwụkwọ na-akọwa na ihe dị mkpa mere eme - ogbugbu Alexander III na mmalite ọchịchị nke Nicholas II.

Na 1961 bịara ikpeazụ n'akwụkwọ nke trilogy na-akpọ "Spring". Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Sasha nwetara ọrụ - ọ na-akụzi English. E-abịa a ọhụrụ, nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. Ọ jikọtara ya na ngosi na ebe nile agụụ. Akwụkwọ a na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu na Dreyfus omume.

Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - dere, a mma echiche nke nwa akparamaagwa, agafe ọtụtụ nke ndụ ikpe, kama na-agbajikwa ha. Ya "Ndị ụzọ ..." a ka na-bipụtara ma na-agụ site na ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ kamakwa ndị okenye.