Alende Salvador: biography, photos, ruturu. Ònye kwaturu Salvador Allende, nụkwa?

Salvador Allende, nụkwa - onye ọ bụ? Ọ bụ site n'aka 1970 na 1973 bụ president nke Chile. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-amasị pụrụ iche na-ewu ewu na USSR na Soviet Bloc. Gịnị dọtara mmasị ndị mmadụ Salvador Alende? Brief biography nke a pụrụ iche nke nwoke, na iwu na-dị n'okpuru.

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The omumu nke Salvador Allende, nụkwa? Ya biography malitere na Santiago June 26, 1908 ka a ezinụlọ amamihe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ukwu ya-nna nna ná mmalite narị afọ nke 19 bụ onye na-akpakọrịta O'Higgins, isi nke nsogbu ke Chile megide Spanish colonial achị. Nna nna Ramon Salvador Allende, nụkwa bụ a ọgwụ ọkà mmụta sayensị, onyeisi medfakulteta ndị University of Chile, nakwa dị ka dọkịta na-awa bụ ndị na-alụ Agha nke Pacific megide Bolivia na Peru, haziri agha nke agha na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Salvador nna bụ ọkàiwu, leftist.

Nwata na-eto eto

Ebe ọ na-amụ na-etolite Salvador Allende, nụkwa? Ya biography anọgidewo dị iche iche anāchi achi nke Chile, El Salvador, ebe nna-ya ọtụtụ ugboro kpaliri ya na nwunye ya na ụmụ anọ na search of a mma ebe onwe. N'ikpeazụ, a họpụtara ya notari ke n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'obodo Valparaiso. Ebe Allende, nụkwa Salvador gụsịrị akwụkwọ ahụ. Ugbua na afọ ndị mbụ ya, o gosiri a ọchịchọ omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, n'isi n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji 'gọọmenti. Ná mmalite 30-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ọ gara Santiago ma banye Medical ngalaba nke University.

Socialist Republic of Chile na 1932

Nke a kwuo adị nnọọ a di na nwunye nke izu ke okpomọkụ nke 1932 na pụta na ihe ikuku nke zuru ida nke aku na uba na ndụ nke mba dị ka a n'ihi nke Oké Ndakpọ. Power na Chile na-weghaara a ìgwè nke buu ekpe kpọrọ agha gawa site Marmaduke Grove (ọ bụ enyi nna-ya, Salvador Allende, nụkwa, na Grove nne lụrụ nwanne ya nwaanyị), bụ onye e kwusara isi nke Revolutinary Government nke Socialist Republic of Chile. The ọchịchị ọhụrụ ya omume mara ọkwa a ụzọ nke ntughari ka socialism, nationalization nke usoro ụlọ ọrụ na anoghi n'ulo oba, mkpokọta nwe nke obere ụlọ ọrụ, nyefe nke ala nkịtị, mgbaghara maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpọrọ, bụ ndị e nwere ọtụtụ mgbe a na usoro nke aga-ewu ewu nnupụisi.

Salvador Allende, nụkwa na-akpọ on ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na-akwado mgbanwe. Ma, ọ ghọrọ adịte a na narị afọ, na amamihe ọchịchị a kwaturu, ndị so na ya, e jidere ya, ọtụtụ ndị na-akwado nke mgbanwe. E jidere ya na a na-adịbeghị anya ike na-amụrụ Alende Salvador (dị nnọọ tupu mmalite nke mgbanwe, o nwetara ya ọgwụ ogo), nke a na ẹdude ke n'ogige ụlọ ndị Carabinieri (na analọg nke Interior agha), na mgbe ahụ na-agbalị site na a agha n'ụlọikpe.

N'oge a na Valparaiso pụtara na ọnwụ nke nna-ya, El Salvador e me n'okpuru iduga n'ụlọ ya na nna na nwa ya nwere ike ikwu goodbye. Dị ka o mesịrị cheta, na a mwute oge bịara na mkpebi siri ike na-alụ ọgụ maka mmeri nke na-elekọta mmadụ ikpe ziri ezi na obi ya.

Ọ dabara nke ọma maka Allende, nụkwa kwaturu revolutionary ọchịchị nke ndị nnupụisi onwe ha anya furu efu ike, na mgbe ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ revolutions, ruo mgbe obere oge president Figueroa adịghị mara ọkwa na a mgbaghara maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpọrọ. Maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ laghachi na-ezo aka Easter Island Marmaduke Grove, a tọhapụrụ ya na Alende Salvador.

Education Socialist Party

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1933 a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke socialist òtù onye keere òkè n'ụzọ amamihe ihe ndị mere 1932, bịara ọnụ na kpụrụ Socialist Party nke Chile, onye ndú ghọrọ Marmaduke Grove (gawa oriri na nkwari iri afọ abụọ ruo ọnwụ ya na 1954), na otu onye nke kasị ike òtù - Allende, nụkwa El Salvador. N'oge na-adịghị o kere nzukọ nke Socialist Party na Valparaiso. Na 1937, Allende, nụkwa na hoputara ka National Congress nke Valparaiso n'ógbè.

Na 1938, Allende, nụkwa na-ahụ maka ndị mkpọsa nke Popular Front, nominated ha president na nwa akwukwo nke buu Pedro Aguirre Cerda. Popular Front slogan "Bread, ụlọ, na-arụ ọrụ!". Mgbe emeri nhoputa Cerda Alende Salvador ghọrọ ike na-eje ozi na ndozigharị Popular Front ọchịchị, nke na-adịkwaghị radicals. Na ya post, enye ama anam doo nke a dịgasị iche iche nke na-aga n'ihu na-elekọta mmadụ mgbanwe, gụnyere nche iwu na-echebe ndị ọrụ na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na, elu ezumike nka inyom di ha nwụrụ, na onodu Protection Act na iwebata free nri akwụkwọ.

Omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 40-60s

Mgbe President Aguirre Cerda ọnwụ na 1941, Allende, nụkwa na-re-hoputara a so nzuko omeiwu, na na 1942 ọ ghọrọ general odeakwụkwọ nke Socialist Party. Site na 1945 ruo 1969, Allende, nụkwa na hoputara senator si dị iche iche Chile anāchi achi, na na 1966 ghọrọ president nke Chile Sineti. N'oge 50s enye ama anam iwebata iwu na-kere na Chile National Health Service, mbụ omume na United States na-ekwe nkwa eluigwe na ala ahụ ike na-elekọta.

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke 50s Allende, nụkwa agha ugboro atọ unsuccessfully maka onyeisi oche. All ugboro atọ, ọ bụ nwa akwukwo nke Front "Popular Action", kere site socialists na ọchịchị Kọmunist.

Elections 1970

Na president ntuli aka ẹkenịmde na afọ e merie nwa akwukwo nke a ọhụrụ electoral Bloc "National Ịdị n'Otu" (esịnede socialists, Kọmunist na ụfọdụ center-ekpe ọzọ) Salvador Allende, nụkwa Goossens. Emeri ọ iyi ihe dị nnọọ doro - ọ gbatara nnọọ 36,2 percent nke votu, mgbe ya, ezigbo ama ya aka, a mbụ Chile president Jorge Alessandri natara 34.9 percent. Ma nke atọ contender, bụ ndị na-ntuli aka nke Christian Democratic Party, tozuru oke na ike nke Ntuli, nwere usoro ihe omume nke dị nso ka "National Ịdị n'Otu". Ya mere, anyị nwere ike iche na Chile n'ụwa bụ na ihu ọma nke mgbanwe. Dị ka Chile oruru, na National Congress mma dị ka onyeisi oche ndị nwa akwukwo emi natara kasị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke votes, ie. E. Allende, nụkwa.

Akakabarede oge president

Ozugbo ike, Allende, nụkwa malitere ịrụ "Chile ụzọ socialism." Ruo afọ atọ ndị ọchịchị nke "National Ịdị n'Otu" nationalized, ie, enyefe ala isi eke ego nke mba: .... Ọla kọpa na ígwè ore ego, ego nke coal, nitrate, wdg ọha mpaghara e kere, nke gụnyere ndị ọdụm òkè nke na Chile ụlọ ọrụ. N'okpuru nke ala bụ ichekwa ego na bank oru na mba ọzọ na ahia. Allende, nụkwa ọchịchị weghachiri mmekọahụ Cuba na amnestied ọchịchị mkpọrọ.

State na-aka-ha na ọkpụrụkpụ ego nke mbụ na-egwu mmiri na ụdị uru na-aka nke azụmahịa nwe. Ọ bụ ike budata bulie ibi ndụ. Kacha nta bụ ezigbo ụgwọ ọrụ nke mmepụta ọrụ e mụbara site 56% ke akpa nkeji iri na ise nke 1971, mgbe otu oge, n'ezie na kacha nta ụgwọ ọrụ "olu akwa ọcha" e mụbara site 23%. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị ịzụta ike nke ndị bi na mụbara site 28% na oge site na November 1970 na July-October 1971. The onu oriri ọnụego dara site na 36,1% ke 1970 ka 22,1% ke 1971, mgbe nkezi bụ ezigbo ụgwọ ọrụ na-eto site na 22,3% n'oge 1971. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na osooso nke onu oriri na afọ 1972-1973. ghara akụkụ nke mbụ ụgwọ abawanye, ọ ka na-eto (na nkezi) na ezigbo okwu, na ndị a afọ.

Allende, nụkwa ọchịchị expropriated niile ala na gafere iri asatọ "isi" ha, nke mere na na a oge nke iri na asatọ ọnwa niile Chile latifundia (nnukwu ugbo ala) e kagburu.

Kacha nta ezumike nka mụbara site ego hà okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ ndị na ọnụego nke onu oriri. N'agbata afọ 1970 na 1972, afọ nke ndị dị otú ezumike nka amụbawo site a ngụkọta nke 550%.

N'afọ mbụ nke ndụ Allende, nụkwa okwu aku pụta nnọọ mma: 12% na-abawanye na ulo oru mmepụta na-abawanye na GDP, 8.6%, Bilie a nnukwu ọnụ ke onu oriri (site na 34.9% na 22,1%) na ọnụego (ruo 3.8% ).

Allende, nụkwa onodi nke kachasi mkpa nke ochichi onye kwuo uche

President nke Socialist na eleghị anya na ihe Idealist site n'okike na-adịghị kweere na mbụ nwe nationalized akụ ga-aga ọ bụla kwagara ka ha lata. Gịnị na-atụ anya ya akakabarede Salvador Allende, nụkwa? Quotes si ya okwu na-egosi na o kweere na nrụpụta ọrụ nke ochichi onye kwuo uche. Ya mere, ọ sịrị, "Chile ochichi onye kwuo uche bụ mmeri nke ndị niile na ọ bụ ma e kere eke ma ọ bụ onyinye nke na-emegbu na klas, ma ọ ga-echebe ndị na-àjà, akwakọba ihe ọtụtụ ọgbọ, me ya .....". T. E. Alende kweere na ala oru, dị ka ụkpụrụ nke ochichi onye kwuo uche, ọ ga-esi uche nke ọtụtụ ná ndị (ie. E underprivileged akụkụ ya) ka megide ọdịmma nke ndị propertied nta. History siworo gosi na ya bụ ihe ọjọọ.

Ònye kwaturu Salvador Allende, nụkwa?

N'ihu ọha na nzuzo megide "National Ịdị n'Otu" ọchịchị iwu mere ka US ọchịchị mmekorita na isi US ụlọ ọrụ. Ha malitere ozugbo a mkpọsa nke aku na uba strangulation nke ọhụrụ Chile ọchịchị. Kwupụta enye mgbazinye ego ozugbo amanye mgbochi, nke e doro ifriizi bụghị naanị mgbazinye ego si US onwe ya, ma na-na mba nile ego na òtù nke United States na, na, na ugbu a na-egwu a isi ọrụ.

Chile ụlọ ọrụ bụ na a mgbochi na-ezuru nke ngwaọrụ na akụkụ ahụ mapụtara. US anwuru n'ahịa ya emeri na ọla kọpa mee, adawo apụ price nke a metal, nke kwere ka ire nke isi mba ọzọ mgbanwe enwetakwa nke Chile àkù. Na-azụ ahịa nke Chile ọla kọpa dọgburu enwetụbeghị ụdị nsogbu na-amanye ha ka ha na-ekwupụta ihe mgbochi na ya nnweta, gụnyere ọbụna ndị ichekwa ndị ugbua na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka ebutu. Chile ndu-ha nile na-arịọ ka restructure mpụga ụgwọ akwakọba site gara aga ndị ọchịchị, natara a categorical jụrụ.

N'ihi ya, na 1972 larịị nke onu oriri Chile ruru 140%. Nkezi ezigbo GDP ebelata n'agbata 1971 na 1973. na-eme kwa afọ ọnụego nke 5.6% ( "na-ezighị ezi uto"); na ọchịchị mmefu ego mpe mụbara, mgbe mba ọzọ mgbanwe mee dara.

United States anya were kpọmkwem nchikota nke nzuzo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agha megide Allende, nụkwa, na-enye ha na ego na ndụmọdụ. The mba banyere ìgwè nke CIA mmadụ malitere ịhazi ịgba mgba okpuru na-eme. American agha ozi na Chile n'ihu ọha kpaliri Chile ọrụ nupụrụ ọchịchị.

Na shelves na-arahụ isi oriri (hoard nwe ha), bụ nke mere ka onye na-abawanye na nwa ahịa nke osikapa, àgwà, sugar na ntụ ọka. Nzuko omeiwu, n'ogige nile, na akụkụ nke ala akara jikoro nke ọchịchị sabotaged. Media nụrụ akụkọ ụgha ndị mmadụ, na-agbasa asịrị ọjọọ president, kpaliri egwu na counter jikoro nke ọchịchị ọhụrụ. Mgbochi doro-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọchịchị ndị agha, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ndị agha ọchịagha Carlos Prats, onye, n'okpuru mgbali nke media manyere arụkwaghịm. Na nke a, na arụkwaghịm nke ya isi nke mkpara ifịk ifịk mekwara Chile Army Augusto Pinochet, onye na-akwụ ọnụ ka ikpe ziri ezi na mba, ma n'ezie na-eji kpọrọ ihe echiche nke a agha kuu. Na tupu ịhapụ Prats na-atụ aro ya na president dị ka nọchiri ya. Alende Salvador na Pinochet anya ole na ole ọtụtụ iri afọ na-atọsa akara nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọbara Chile ihe.

Ya mere, onye kwaturu Salvador Allende, nụkwa? Ọ mere reactionary Chile agha, na-akwado US ọchịchị.

Kuu nke 1973

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1973 na ọnọdụ ná mba njọ. Ná ngwụsị nke June e nwere mgbalị mbụ nke a agha kuu, nke bụ mgbe ahụ ike igbochi. N'oge a na-anwa, Allende, nụkwa na-akpọ na-arụ ọrụ ogide ụlọ mmepụta ihe, ala na ụlọ ọha. Na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke mba a kpụrụ ha Soviet nke ndị ọrụ 'na nkịtị' nnọchiteanya bụ ndị jiworo ike n'ime ha aka.

Ná nzaghachi ka iku amalitela trucking ụlọ ọrụ. The mba nta ka ha kwụsị nri na obodo. Government requisitioned ndị nwe ụgbọala. Mgbe ahụ, na niile ná mba malitere-eyi ọha egwu na-eme, ntiwapụ, ike edoghi na paịpụ. N'otu oge General Pinochet na nzuzo nọrọ Army na Navy nke ezigbo kpochapu nke ọrụ na agha na-akwado "National Ịdị n'Otu". Ha zopụrụ na Valparaiso n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ebe ọ e wee na-na-esetịpụ ụgbọ mmiri agha, ahụhụ.

Ke mbubreyo August, na president kwuru na ihe ndị na nzuko omeiwu, ndị ọchịchị kwuru na mba iwu na-akwadoghị. Ná mmalite September 1973 na president chọrọ echiche nke idozi iwu nsogbu site plebiscite. Speech n'ikwupụta ngwọta dị otú ahụ nwere ikwu na September 11 onwe ya Allende, nụkwa Salvador. The kuu, nke a na ụbọchị mere a Chile agha, edu Pinochet, ịkagbu plan.

Alende Salvador: ọnwụ na anwụghị anwụ

Obere oge tupu ndị kpọọ site nnupụisi nke La Moneda (Presidential Obí), na gbaa na ntiwapụ ike nụrụ ọma na ndabere, Allende, nụkwa kwuru na redio ijeoma okwu, na-ekwu okwu nke ya onwe ya na egosi ihe gara aga, nke ịhụnanya ya maka Chile na nke miri emi okwukwe na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke mba. O kwuru, sị,

"Ọrụ nke m mba, m nwere okwukwe na Chile na ya a kara aka. Ndị ikom ga-emeri nke a gbara ọchịchịrị na-elu ilu oge mgbe ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru na-achọ iji merie. Buru n'uche na n'oge na-adịghị oké ụzọ a ga-emeghe ọzọ, ọ ga-onwe ndị mmadụ na-ewu a mma . Long ndụ Chile!-adị ndụ ndị mmadụ!-adị ndụ na-arụ ọrụ! ".

Obere oge gasịrị, ndị nnupụisi mara ọkwa na Allende, nụkwa gburu onwe ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọnọdụ nke ya na ọnwụ ka na-na-atụle site ọkachamara. Tupu ọnwụ ya, ọ photographed ọtụtụ ugboro na a egbe AK-47, natara onyinye si Fidel Castro. Na nọgidere ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na ebe nchekwa nke na Chile ndị mmadụ, Salvador Allende, nụkwa, a foto nke na-e gosiri n'elu. President, bụghị akpọrọ ihe ahụ insurgents.