Bundestag - ihe bụ nke a?

Bundestag - a nzuko omeiwu nke Federal Republic of Germany (Deutscher Bundestag), a unicameral ọchịchị ahụ na-anọchite anya na-ebute ọdịmma nke dum German ndị mmadụ. Ọ na-e kere dị ka a nọchiri na Reichstag n'okpuru iwu nke 1949, ebe ọ bụ na 1999 dị na Berlin. Ugbu a German nzuko omeiwu na-gawa site Christian Democrat Norbert Lammert, na incumbent kemgbe October 18, 2005. Ọ Bundestag elects ndị Federal chancelo, onye bụ isi nke ọchịchị Germany.

ọrụ

Na ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ọdịdị Germany bụ a Omeiwu Republic nke Bundestag - bụ ihe kasị mkpa ikike:

• Na imekọ ihe ọnụ Bundesrat, ọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ ihe omebe iwu omume, na-emepe emepe na-ewere na gọọmenti etiti larịị, dị iche iche na iwu na mmegharị ka oruru. Ọ na-ratifies nkwekọrịta na ịmụta gọọmenti etiti mmefu ego.
• Bundestag eje ozi dị ka legitimizing nke ọzọ ọchịchị, gụnyere votu maka nwa akwukwo maka post of Federal chancelo, na a na-etinye aka na ntuli aka nke Federal President-ikpe.
• Na-elekọta ndị na-eme nke ọchịchị, nke na iwu ji kọọrọ ya, na-nachi ije nke ndị agha nke mba ahụ.

Location na eze

Mgbe reunification nke Germany, na Bundestag kwagara Reichstag ụlọ, wuru na mbubreyo XIX narị afọ na rụzigharịa site atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Norman Ezi. Site na 1949 ruo 1999, e nwere nzukọ na Bundeskhauze (Bonn).

The ụlọ na-emi odude ke itieutom nke nzuko omeiwu, wuru na-esote onye ọ bụla ọzọ na abụọ nke osimiri spree na German akpọ Paul-Lobe-Haus na Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus na nsọpụrụ nke abụọ na-akwanyere ùgwù Parliamentarians na Democrats.

ntuli aka

Elections na German nzuko omeiwu na-na-e kwa afọ anọ, ma e wezụga na ndị ikpe nke n'oge mgbasa ya.

Bundestag - a nzuko omeiwu, na ntuli aka nke na-rụrụ na ngwakọ usoro, ya bụ, ndị nnọchiteanya eze na-họọrọ na hà n'ike-n'ike na party anatara na na-alụbeghị di-iwu majoritarian constituencies na a otu gburugburu. The Bundestag na-emi esịnede 598 nnọchiteanya eze, nke 299 na-họọrọ site ịtụ vootu na constituencies. Iwu nwetara site na-aga ime na ndị ọzọ dị ka a N'ihi nke kpọmkwem ntuli aka (site na ọtụtụ distrikti), ejedebe na ndepụta nke nnọchiteanya si ọzọ, gbakọọ n'okpuru proportional electoral usoro.

Na ntuli aka na German nzuko omeiwu ọtụtụ mmewere abụghị idem ke nkesa oche n'etiti ọzọ, ma onye nke ọzọ na uninominal usoro-enweta ihe MPs karịa ka ọ ga-natara na ndabere nke naanị otu party ndepụta usoro. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, ndị ọzọ ahụ nwere ike na-a ụfọdụ ego nke ọzọ iwu ndị e nyere (Überhangmandate). Ka ihe atụ, 17 Bundestag, bụ onye malitere ọrụ October 28, 2009, mejupụtara 622 òtù, 24 n'ime ha bụ ndị ejiri nke ọzọ iwu.

mgbasa nke nzuko omeiwu

Federal President (Bundespräsident) nwere ikike igbari Bundestag na abụọ ikpe:

1. Ọ bụrụ na ozugbo nkpọkọta, na ikpe ọnwụ ma ọ bụ arụkwaghịm, na chancelo nke Federal Republic of Germany, na Bundestag ike ahọpụta a ọhụrụ chancelo nke zuru ọtụtụ ndị votes (Nkeji edemede 63, paragraf nke 4, nke Basic Iwu nke Germany).
2. Dị ka chancelo nke amaghị, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị Bundestag adopts a na-ezighị ezi mkpebi na ihe banyere ntụkwasị obi, na-etinye ya a votu chancelo (Nkeji edemede 68, paragraf nke 1). Ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ bilitere na 1972, mgbe chancelo Willy Brandt na President Gustav Heinemann, na 1982, mgbe Helmut Kohl bụ, na President Karl Carstens. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, n'ihi nke votu bụ chancelo jụrụ obi, mgbe nke ọhụrụ ntuli aka ga-ẹkenịmde. February 16, 1983, na Ụlọikpe ahụ kagburu mkpebi jụ ịtụkwasị obi.

The arụkwaghịm nke Gerhard Schröder

Ka 22, 2005, mgbe e meriri ya ọzọ na mpaghara ntuli aka North Rhine-Westphalia, chancelo Gerhard Schröder mara ọkwa ya bu n'uche na votu na ihe banyere ntụkwasị obi, na-enye ndị president "ike niile dị mkpa iji merie ugbu a nsogbu ọnọdụ."

Dị ka a pụrụ ịtụ anya, na German Bundestag, Gerhard Schröder jụrụ obi (na 151 votes megide 296 votes zeere 148 votes). Esonụ a chancelo gbara akwụkwọ a iwu mkpesa maka mgbasa nke Bundestag na Federal President Horst Kohler aha. July 21, 2005, president nyere iwu igbari nzuko omeiwu na-akpọ ihe ntuli aka ụbọchị nke September 18, akpa Sunday mgbe ezumike ụlọ akwụkwọ na ndị ikpeazụ Sunday enweghị apụ si akporo guzosie ike site na n'usoro ochichi oge nke 60 ụbọchị. 23 na 25 August, na Ụlọikpe jụrụ mkpesa gbara akwụkwọ site atọ obere ọzọ, nakwa dị ka nnọchiteanya si SPD Helen Hoffman na Werner Schulz si "Green" party.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ German Bundestag

Bundestag - bụ ahụ, ihe kacha mkpa nke ndị bughi nkeji nke paramilitary iche iche, nke na-akpọ-arọ òtù. Omeiwu iche iche na-ahazi ọrụ ndị omeiwu. Ihe atụ, ha kwadebe ọrụ nke Ụlọrụ, ịme ego, mmegharị, wdg

Onye ọ bụla òtù mejupụtara a onyeisi oche (Fraktionsvorsitzender), ọtụtụ osote ndị isi na presidium, nke osobo kwa izu. N'oge arụmụka, na omenala atụle-edebe echesinụ party ịdọ aka ná ntị na ịtụ vootu (Fraktionsdiziplin). The German nzuko omeiwu bụ dị ịrịba ama na a votu na ọ na-emekarị mere na a ihe ịrịba ama nke onyeisi oche nke Omeiwu faction.

The mejupụtara nke Bundestag na-agụnye ndị Council of okenye (Ältestenrat) na Bureau. The Council mejupụtara ndị Presidency na 23 okenye (ndú nke Omeiwu iche iche). Ọ na-adịkarị na-eji maka mkparita uka n'etiti ọzọ, akpan akpan na onyeisi oche nke Omeiwu kọmitii na burukwa. Ma ndị na-Presidency, ọ na-agụnye ọ dịkarịa ala na-chairmen na osote chairmen nke ọ bụla faction.

Onye ọ bụla kwekọrọ na Ministry of Omeiwu Committee (ugbu ha nọmba bụ 21). General nduzi na-enye onyeisi oche nke Bundestag, a esetịpụ a post, Norbert Lammert.