Chemical Njirimara nke alkaline ụwa ọla. Jiri nke alkaline ụwa ọla. Physical Njirimara nke alkaline ala metal

Tụlee chemical Njirimara nke alkaline ụwa ọla. Kọwaa ihe e ji mara nke ha mebere atumatu, na-anata, ịbụ na uwa, ngwa.

Ọnọdụ na SS

Kọwaa mmalite ebe ndị a, ndị na oge table nke Mendeleev. Ha na-dị na ìgwè nke abụọ nke isi subgroups. Ndị a gụnyere calcium, strontium, radium, barium, magnesium, beryllium. Ha niile bụ ndị na elu ume larịị nwere abụọ valence electrons. Ke ofụri ofụri okwu, beryllium, magnesium na alkaline ụwa ọla bụ externally ns2 electrons. The chemical ogige dị ka ha na-egosipụta na ọxịdashọn ala +2. N'oge na mmekọrịta ya na ndị ọzọ bekee, ha ngosi mbenata Njirimara, na-enye electrons si mpụga ike larịị.

na-agbanwe agbanwe Njirimara

Na-amụba isi beryllium atọm, magnesium na alkaline ụwa ọla mma ha dara Njirimara, ebe ọ bụ na e nwere onye na-abawanye na na okirikiri nke ha atọm. Tụlee ahụ Njirimara nke alkaline-uwa ọla. Beryllium bụ na nkịtị ala bụ a metal na a ígwè awọ luster. Ọ nwere a na ok hexagonal crystal lattice. Na kọntaktị na oxygen, beryllium ozugbo etolite oxide film, si otú mbenata ya reactivity, guzobere Mat mkpuchi.

nkịtị Njirimara

Magnesium dị ka a dị mfe umi bụ a na-acha ọcha metal akpụ oxide mkpuchi na ikuku. Ọ nwere a hexagonal crystal lattice.

Physical Njirimara nke alkaline ụwa ọla calcium, barium, strontium yiri. Ha na-anọchi anya-ahụkarị ọla na ọlaọcha na sheen, ekpuchi n'okpuru nduzi nke ikuku oxygen acha film. Na calcium na strontium ihu na-eche nanị cubic lattice, barium nwere ahu na-eche nanị Ọdịdị.

Chemistry alkaline ala metal dabeere na eziokwu na ha nwere a dara ọdịdị nke mmekọrịta. Ọ bụ ya mere ha na-ji elu eletriki na okpomọkụ conductivity. The okpomọkụ nke agbaze na mmiri ịgbọ agbọ ihe karịrị nke ahụ alkali ọla.

Ụzọ maka nkwadebe

Beryllium mmepụta na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-rụrụ site Mbelata nke metal Fluoride. The ọnọdụ nke eruba nke chemical mmeghachi omume bụ preheating.

Nyere na na ọdịdị na alkaline ụwa ọla na-na ụdị nke ogige maka magnesium, strontium, calcium omume electrolysis nke agbazenụ nke ha salts.

chemical Njirimara

Chemical Njirimara nke alkaline ụwa ọla na-metụtara mkpa iji kpochapụ tupu ha n'elu ihe oxide film oyi akwa. Ọ na-ekpebi inertia ndị a ọla na mmiri. Calcium, barium, strontium, mgbe etisasịwo ke mmiri na-etolite hydroxides ọ akpọ isi Njirimara.

Chemical Njirimara nke alkaline ụwa ọla iche ha na mmekọrịta ya na oxygen. Iji mmeghachi omume ngwaahịa nke barium peroxide bụ, n'ihi na ndị ọzọ nile na oxides kpụrụ mgbe mmeghachi omume. All òtù a na klas nke oxides igosipụta isi Njirimara, naanị beryllium oxide amphoteric e ji mara Njirimara.

Chemical Njirimara nke alkaline ụwa ọla na-egosi na na mmeghachi omume na sọlfọ ahụ, halogen, nitrogen. Mgbe mmeghachi omume na ihe acid mgbasa ndị a, ndị na-hụrụ. Nyere na beryllium akọ amphoteric ọcha, ọ bụ ike na ya na-eme na alkalis.

qualitative Jeremaya mere

Basic formulas nke alkaline ụwa ọla, anya na N'ezie nke inorganic onwu jikọtara salts. Iji mata ndị òtù nke a na klas na Nchikota na ndị ọzọ ọcha, i nwere ike iji qualitative mkpebi siri ike. Mgbe n'itinye alkaline ala metal nnu na mmanya-oriọna ire-ọku, Ire-ọku staining hụrụ cations. strontium cation enye a gbara ọchịchịrị-acha uhie uhie hue, na calcium cation - oroma na green ụda barium cation.

Iji mata barium cation eji na qualitative analysis sulfate anions. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a mmeghachi omume a na-acha ọcha barium sulfate nke bụ unyi anaghị agbasa na ịnweta asịd.

Radium bụ a redioaktivu mmewere na e dere na ọdịdị na obere ichekwa. Mgbe imeghachi omume magnesium na oxygen, e nwere a na-ghar flash. Usoro a na-eji ruo oge ụfọdụ mgbe na-ewere foto n'ebe gbara ọchịchịrị. Ugbu a dochie magnesium flash bịara eletriki usoro. The ezinụlọ nke alkaline ụwa ọla-ezo beryllium, nke na-meghachi omume na ọtụtụ ọgwụ. Calcium magnesium aluminum N'otu aka ahụ, nwere ike naghachi obere ọla ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka titanium, tungsten, molybdenum na niobium. Ndị a Filiks maka inweta ọla zoro kaltsietermiey na magnietermiey.

Atụmatụ nke ngwa

Gịnị bụ ojiji nke alkaline ụwa ọla? Calcium magnesium na-eji n'ichepụta ìhè alloys na obere ọla.

Dị ka ihe atụ, magnesium na-ẹdude ke mejupụtara nke duralumin, na calcium - a akụrụngwa ụzọ alloys iji kwadebe na cable n'ọbọ na-eke biarin. Ebe iji nke alkaline ala metal na nkà n'ụdị oxides. Slaked lime (calcium oxide) na àjà-nsure- magnesium (magnesium oxide) na-achọrọ maka owuwu oru.

Na mmeghachi omume nke calcium oxide na mmiri a tọhapụrụ ịrịba ichekwa okpomọkụ. Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) na-eji maka ewu. The ọcha nkwusioru nke umi (mmiri ara ehi nke wayo) na-eji na sugar ụlọ ọrụ maka usoro nke ọcha nke biiti ọṅụṅụ.

Salts nke ọla nke ìgwè nke abụọ

salts nke magnesium, beryllium, alkaline ụwa ọla nwere ike na-akwadebe site mmeghachi omume na asịd nke nwoke oxides. Chlorides, fluorides, iodides data ọcha bụ ọcha crystalline ogige, n'ozuzu ọma soluble n'ime mmiri. N'etiti sulfates nwere solubility naanị magnesium na beryllium compound. Anyị na-edebe ihe a ọnụ si beryllium salts na barium sulphate. Carbonates bụ ihe fọrọ unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri ma ọ bụ nwere ntakiri solubility.

Sulfides nke alkaline ụwa ọcha na-ẹdude ke obere na arọ ọla. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eziga ha ìhè, ị nwere ike nweta a dịgasị iche iche nke agba. Sulfides na-gụnyere ke luminescent ikwọ, a na-akpọ phosphors. Tee ndị a na agba-ike luminous dials, okporo ụzọ ihe ịrịba ama.

Common ogige nke alkaline ụwa ọla

Calcium carbonate bụ ihe ndị kasị ukwuu mmewere na ụwa elu. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke ogige dị ka nkume nzu, marble, nzu. N'etiti ha, ihe bụ isi eji bụ nkume nzu. Nke a ịnweta dị oké mkpa na-ewu, na-atụle ihe ndị magburu onwe ụlọ nkume. Ọzọkwa, ugbu ogige ndị inorganic quicklime na slaked wayo, iko na simenti.

The ojiji nke nkume nzu gravel na-eme ka okporo ụzọ, ma, n'ihi na ntụ ntụ nwere ike ibelata acidity nke ala. Natural nzu bụ a shei kasị ochie anụmanụ. Nke a compound na-eji maka imewe nke roba, akwụkwọ, na-eke akwụkwọ crayons.

Marble ina si architects, na-akpụ ihe. Ọ na-mere nke marble e kere ọtụtụ ihe pụrụ iche ọrụ nke Michelangelo. Part nke ụgbọ nke Moscow Metro na-agbakọta na marble taịl nile. Magnesium carbonate na-eji na nnukwu quantities ke imewe nke brik, ciment, iko. Ọ dị mkpa na Metallurgical ụlọ ọrụ maka iwepụ nke n'efu na nkume.

calcium sulfate nwere ndammana n'ụdị gypsum (calcium sulphate crystalline) na-eji na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ. Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, ndị compound na-eji maka mmepụta nke Ebu, na-emepụta gypsum bandeeji.

Stucco (gypsum hemihydrate) site mmeghachi omume na mmiri onwe nnukwu ichekwa okpomọkụ. Ọ na-eji na ụlọ ọrụ.

N'Epsom nnu (magnesium sulfate), eji na nkà mmụta ọgwụ dị ka a laxative. Nke a na umi nwere a ilu uto, e nwere ya mmiri nke oké osimiri.

"Barite porridge" (barium sulfate) bụghị soluble n'ime mmiri. Ọ bụ ya mere a nnu na-eji na Radiology. Salt esetịpụ X-ụzarị na ike ịchọpụta ọrịa nke eriri afọ tract.

The mejupụtara nke phosphate rock (rock) na calcium phosphate bụ apatite. Ha mkpa ha na-emepụta calcium ogige: oxides, hydroxides.

Calcium-arụ maka ndụ ntule nke otu dị mkpa. Ọ bụ nke a metal dị oké mkpa maka iwuli ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ. Calcium ion na-achọrọ maka ukpụhọde nke obi, mụbaa ọbara clotting. Enweghị ọ na-akpata a malfunction nke ụjọ usoro, ọnwụ nke coagulation, enweghị ike n'aka-ejikarị na-a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe.

Iji zere nsogbu ahụ ike, ụbọchị ọ bụla ga-eri 1.5 grams nke calcium. Isi nsogbu idu ke eziokwu na aka ahu banye 0,06 grams nke calcium na-eri 1 gram nke abụba. Karịa ego nke metal dị na letus, pasili, obi cheese, cheese.

ọgwụgwụ

All ndị nnọchiteanya nke ìgwè nke abụọ nke oge table nke isi subgroup mkpa maka ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke mmadụ n'oge a. Dị ka ihe atụ, magnesium bụ a stimulator nke metabolic Filiks ke idem. Ọ ga-adị ugbu a na ụjọ anụ ahụ, ọbara, ọkpụkpụ, imeju. Magnesium bụ ifịk soò na photosynthesis na osisi, dị ka ọ bụ akụkụ nke chlorophyll. Human ọkpụkpụ bụ banyere otu-na-ise nke ngụkọta arọ. Na ha nwere calcium na magnesium. Oxides, alkaline ala metal salts hụrụ dị iche iche ngwa na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ, pharmaceutics na ọgwụ.