Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda (Moscow Kremlin): nkọwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpali eziokwu

Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda na Moscow pụtara na oge nke Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme, mgbe Orthodox Christianity ntughari ka onwe, onwe ha nke Byzantium development. Na-eru nso ọgwụgwụ nke nsogbu ụfọdụ, na mba malitere a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme.

akụkọ

Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda (Moscow Kremlin) e doro nsọ site na iji nke mbụ Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Jonah na 1451 na ebe nchekwa nke ọrụ ebube mere. N'afọ a Tartar ìgwè Mazowsze guzo nso Moscow ala ịta ahịhịa na-ama-ebibi ọkụ, na mgbidi nke Kremlin precipitated site onye iro agha. Bi wee chebe onwe ọnọdụ, agha na nso ọgụ, na-ada n'okpuru akụ nke onye iro. Mgbe ọ na a agha, Metropolitan Jonah mere a edikan gburugburu mgbidi obodo, na-ekpesi ekpere maka nzoputa nke Moscow si mwakpo.

Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, n'oge a na-ekpe ekpere Jonah zutere ata onwe ya ahụhụ Chudov Obibi Anthony na ya jụrụ ya ikpe ekpere maka obodo, na ndi bi na ihe agadi nwoke zara na ọrụ ebube zọpụta Moscow ma ga-na a agha na otu gburu - Antony onwe ya. Inwe kwuru na, agadi nwoke ahụ ozugbo dara eduat site akụ. Site ná mgbede, ndị mwakpo gbaghachi azụ si mgbidi, na ndi bi na Metropolitan abalị dum kpee ekpere, na-akwadebe maka a bụrụkwa agha. Mgbe chi bọrọ, ya tụgharịa na Tatar ìgwè na agbagharị ọsọ agha, na-ahapụ ya na ndị niile Loot.

Gịnị bụ ihe mere maka ụgbọ elu - amaghị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na Mazovia natara ozi ọ bụla na nke ya kpebiri na ọgụ bụ na-abaghị uru, na ma eleghị anya enweghị isi na ọdụ egwu e merie usuu nile, na-ahapụ ụmụ ha na-eri anụ, ha hapụ ọgụ ohere. Eziokwu a na-ama mere n'okpuru Kremlin mgbidi agha na ndị Batu Khan. Metropolitan Jonah chere na ọrụ ebube nke Chineke zoputara nke obodo na mba si mbibi na igbu ọchụ.

The nrọ nke a nkume ụka

Dị ka ụfọdụ akwụkwọ, Obodo Ukwu yad na Kremlin Katidral Square e wuru a ogologo oge. N'afọ nke mbuso agha nke Mazovia chọọchị ama na e wuru, ma ọ bụghị na-nsọ. Mgbe ọrụ ebube napụta Jona kpebiri edo a temple na nsọpụrụ nke ezumike, nke e azọpụta. Nke a bụ otú ndị Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda (Moscow Kremlin). The mbụ ụlọ e mere nke osisi na nke guzo a elu n'okpuru ala, ebe, dị ka-emekarị n'oge ochie, nọ na-na-edebe ego Metropolitan na ndị ọzọ bara uru.

Temple guzo ruo mgbe 1479 na nwụrụ na a nnukwu ọkụ. Anyị kpebiri ịtụte okpukpe Shinto bụ ugbua na nkume incarnation, nke kpọrọ nna ukwu si Pskov, nke mụbara na omenala nke nkume na-ewu. Gang edu Ivan Krivtsov na Myshkin. Tradition nke ewu nkume ụlọ n'oge ahụ na Russia njọ mgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ nke na-achị nke Mongol - na hụrụ na Pskov nwe.

Ha na-gwara na-ewu bụghị naanị a temple nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda na Cathedral Square nke Moscow Kremlin, kamakwa iwu a ole na ole Cathedrals n'ọtụtụ ka nnọọ ukwuu. Otu n'ime ha, mwere, ha napụtara, ma ọ tụrụ ụlọ. Na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị ọ na-gwara na "oké ụjọ," bụ nke mere ka mbibi, ugbu a bụ anya. Mere site ọkachamara kọrọ na ihe mere na ọ bụ ala-edu ihe ngwọta na-etinyere na-ewu, ka nwale ziri ezi, akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ nkịtị.

Pskov nzọ ụkwụ

N'ihi ya, ọ merenụ bụ nke mere mwere Cathedral wuru Tsar Ivan III na Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Aristotle Fioravanti, na n'ihu mma nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble ka anwa anwa na-enyefe Myshkin na Krivtsov.

Ọrụ ha nwere mụbara Annunciation Katidral na Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda (Moscow Kremlin), nke ghọrọ ebe obibi ụka nke Russian Nna Ochie. Ọ na-kweere na Pskov nna ukwu, dika iwu nke oge ya, ghọrọ na-eso ụzọ nke Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na biiri si niile nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgbasa ha onwe ha ibu. Dị ka n'ezie mere - amaghị, e nwere naanị a aro, ya mere nēje ozi ahu ekpe inye ntaramahụhụ, na n'ihu na-ewu e nyere, ma akụkọ emewo mepụtara.

Temple nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda na Moscow Kremlin e doro nsọ nime August 1486. House-ụka bụ ebe a na ekpere nke ndị nna ochie ruo klas nke Ecclesiastical ocheeze site Onyeisi Nikon. N'oge ahụ, ọ na-akpọ "ulo Vladychnaya" esịtidem ikwu n'ụzọ ọ na jikọọ na nna ikpe, natara "emume nke" onyenwe nke ụka ndị mmadụ site kanopi nke Kremlin Rizopolozhensky chọọchị.

temple sere

Against ndabere nke fọdụrụ owuwu nke Kremlin Cathedral Square ụka taa anya obere na fechaa, ma ná mmalite nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na Russia, ọ bụ eleghị anya isi chọọchị nke mba ahụ dum. The ime imewe a raara nye ememe na ito Nne nke Chineke.

The frescoes nke elu-egosi na ndụ nke Virgin, na ala abụọ tiers raara nye Virgin Akathist. Sere rụrụ eze icon-ese - Osipov na Borisov, na isi temple oyiyi nke "Anyị Lady nke ịtụkwasị nke Uwe Mwụda" na-ese ndị a ma ama na akara ngosi na-ese Nazaire Istomin (Asaa narị afọ).

Na Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda (Moscow Kremlin) na na Asaa na narị afọ na Ndida bụ n'akụkụ uka raara Pechersk Icon nke Theotokos, nke na-eme a ndepụta nke ọrụ ebube icon, mere na Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. The icon e weere na nchebe nke Russian archdiocese na-enwekarị nna ochie nke ụka n'ime Kiev, mbụ na Vladimir na mgbe e mesịrị ka Moscow.

The Tsar ulo uka

Ke nsogbu ụfọdụ nna ochie yad ọkụ ala dị ka ukwuu n'oge a ọkụ. Nikon bịara nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ-ewu ewu na ogige nke Boris Godunov, n'ihu ya site Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, bụ nke kwadebeworo ọhụrụ n'ụlọ chọọchị. Ya mere chọọchị deposition nke Uwe Mwụda na Kremlin kwagara ezinụlọ eze. Na ya Ọkaakaa ulo-ejikọrọ na gallery, na a ndepụta Pechersk Icon nke Nne mgbe ndị na-ewu nke Terem Obí pụtara n'ihu windo nke Queen ime-ulo. The ndepụta furu efu mgbe mgbanwe, tinyere uka, mgbe rụrụ ọtụtụ mweghachi-arụ ọrụ.

History of deposition nke Uwe Mwụda Church na Moscow Kremlin jupụtara ọtụtụ ihe ọ nwetara bụghị otu ọkụ, ndị kasị njọ nke mere na 1737, mgbe mebiri emebi, ọbụna Tsar Bell. Na 1917, ndị Kremlin e chụọ n'ọrụ si ogbunigwe, na chọọchị idiọk mebiri emebi. Weghachiri eweghachi na wughachi ya dị ka ọtụtụ ugboro ka e-ebibi ya, ma ọtụtụ n'ime uche lekwasịrị anya mpụga anya, esịtidem sere ugboro ugboro agba, etinyere ọhụrụ.

ije

Taa, temple emi odude ke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda Cathedral Square na Kremlin bụghị nnọọ mma maka ya ebe nade na faceted Chamber, Terem Obí na Cathedral nke mwere. Against ndabere nke ụlọ ndị a na chọọchị bụ fọrọ nke nta-adịghị ahụ anya, ma ya afọ karịrị ndị ọzọ magburu ụlọ.

Church na-ezo aka na omenala nke cross ụlọ. Ọ na-mere nke brick, nke na XV narị afọ malitere iji dochie ndị nke mbụ na-ewu ewu nkume ọcha. All n'akụkụ anọ nke temple bụ nkewa n'ime atọ, tupu ndị dị otú ahụ a nkewa a na-akpọ nsu. A pụrụ iche mma bụ na etiti ogige nke ụka bụ ihe karịrị abụọ n'akụkụ. N'elu bụla ngere mgbidi dị ka ẹkụre anọchi omenala keel zakomars Russian ije (njiko). Ebe ịchụàjà protrusions na elu n'akụkụ na-iche n'ime atọ semicircular akụkụ.

Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda na Moscow Kremlin - a domed chọọchị na a okpu agha ekara dome, surmounted site a cupola drum ìhè. Dome nke drum na-mma na pụrụ iche ihe ịchọ mma nke frieze-ede akwụkwọ, na-ezo aka n'ebe ugwu nke Pskov akwụkwọ nke Russian ije. Brik na-ẹkenịm decorations - Ewepụ Ihe Mgbochi, begunets.

Jewelery na nkọwa

Ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụlọ nsọ dị maka nnyocha si Cathedral Square. The Central apse nke ebe ịchụàjà mgbidi bụ ihe kwesiri ngosi karịa abụọ n'akụkụ, mkpafa, n'ihi na ụkpụrụ ụlọ Ọdịdị si cross n'ụlọ nsọ. Gburugburu perimeta nke temple emi odude n'elu a ji achọ frieze, nke na-eje ozi dị ka a ihe ịrịba ama nke Russian ụka ije nke mmalite oge.

Elevations ke ala akụkụ mma ọkara na ogidi, nke ikpokọta elu, na-ekwughachi ụkpụrụ keeled zakomaras. Atọ mgbidi chọọchị anya na-emighị emi niches nke oyiyi na-egosipụta na mbụ. Ugbu a nọgidere na otu fresco nke Asaa narị afọ n'ebe ugwu facade, a chọpụtara n'oge mweghachi ọrụ na 1996, ọ na-egosi na Patronal Oriri - Egosiputa uwe-nwuda nke Virgin.

The ụzọ mbata na Church nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda (Moscow Kremlin) na-emi odude n'akụkụ niile. Na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda, ị nwere ike ozugbo nweta n'ime ụlọ. N'ebe ndịda n'ọnụ ụzọ na-mma na keel ekara portal na elu steepụ nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - bụ na gallery nke Terem Obí. The ntinye na-emi odude na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu n'akụkụ nke temple, ngosi esenowo na cloisters.

ime

The ime nke temple Nleta a otu ohere na olu ulo na a obere ibu gbakọọ n'ọgbakọ kwesịrị House Church. Usoro dabeere anọ ogidi. Space mgbidi na ogidi kpuchie osise nke okpukpe ọdịnaya.

Isi akụkụ nke akụkọ bụ lara na Virgin Mary, a sere style yiri egosipụta frescoes nke mwere Katidral. The ukem ini bụghị mberede: ọrụ ahụ na 1644 e rụrụ maara nke ọma nke nna ukwu Pospeev Sidor na Abramov semen. The posts ndị e kwuru Russian isi na metropolitans.

Olee otú nkà nke Asaa narị afọ, ọ bịara doo anya na 1956, mgbe, n'okpuru mesịrị accretions meghere na kpochara akụkọ ihe mere eme na-achị. full mweghachi nke ochie iconostasis, nke ahapụghị Chọọchị nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda nke Moscow Kremlin ẹkenịmde ke otu oge. Description nke ngụkọta mejupụtara nke eserese na iconostasis-egosi na ọ bụ ihe ndabere nke na agba ngwọta osise.

iconostasis

Iconostasis ji ọlaọcha mee, ornate na elaborately mma site ịchọ mma. Etinyere akara ngosi na-ese na-eji obi ụtọ, na-egbuke egbuke na agba na-adịkwaghị-acha anụnụ anụnụ, udara, na-acha ọcha na agba. The iconostasis mbụ kere mgbe Time of oj oo na mbibi inọ mba. Ahịa bụ nna eze mbụ nke Romanov usoro ndị eze - Onyeisi Filaret.

The top atọ nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe oyiyi na-ese na studio ọrụ iconographer Nazaire Istomin Savin na 1627. Bottom n'usoro, dere, sị nna ya ukwu onwe-ya, aka-ya abua nwe abụọ Central oyiyi - "Old Testament Atọ n'Ime Otu," "The Virgin Hodegetria".

N'ọrụ mweghachi ufọt ufọt 50s-atụ aro na frescoes na mgbidi na-akwado agba n'ịgwa. The sinik imewe budata imetụta na mbụ oge nke Christianity, mgbe Russia bụ obodo ukwu nke Byzantium.

The ebube ọgụgụ na n'elu EBIONITISM na n'elu ogidi egosi Ndịozi na Grand isi, nade ye n'ụzọ nke ndị nna ha ukwu, ịgbaso echesinụ n'ụkpụrụ iwu, o kwuru na ya ùgwù maka dike nke frescoes na ikuku gburugburu ha na-enye ọṅụ na ìhè.

modernity

Ná mmalite 90-ies nke deposition nke Uwe Mwụda Church ọ bụ na-emeghe ka ọbịa, nakwa dị ka n'oge patronal ụka ememme ẹkenịmde ebe a ofufe na efe ofufe adịghị. Si arịa ọbọhọ nanị ole na ole ihe. Large ochie idọba-oriọna arụnyere tupu iconostasis, mgbe ochie a kpọrọ ha "mkpa kandụl" - oghere n'ime. Idọba-oriọna e nyere ụlọ nsọ ahụ ka a onyinye nke nna ochie bụ Joseph na 1649. Ha na-mma na carvings, silver plated trays na dabeere na stylized ọdụm ọgụgụ. Ọzọ pụrụ iche ibe ke 1624 bụ a silver chandelier, gilded chepụtara ji esi mmiri ọkụ nnucha-ọla D. Sverchkov.

The temple ga-abịa ịhụ frescoes nke XVI narị afọ na gara ngosi nke oge ochie Russian osisi ọkpụkpụ, emi odude ke cloister. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie a tụrụ e sere St. George XIV narị afọ osobo esenowo ozugbo na ngosi n'ọnụ ụzọ. Mgbe ochie dị otú ahụ ọrụ etinyere na na-eje ozi iconostasis oyiyi. Of oké mmasị bụ Novgorod icon "ụmụ si Cross" na "The Virgin nke ihe ịrịba ama" (Rostov).

Na Rizopolozhensky Church, ihe ngosi a na-echekwara na a osisi ọkpụkpụ nke mbụ Metropolitan nke rus - Jonah, tọrọ ụka n'oge ochie. Gosipụtawo na ịkọwa osisi oyiyi nke Solovetsky mọnk image Nikolaya Mozhayskogo na a mma-agha, na n'ụzọ nke ọ pụtara n'ihu iji chebe obodo si mwakpo Mozhaisk. Ọ dịghị obere na-akpali ndị ọzọ curiosities - a crucifix si Chudov Obibi, mpịachi, icon oge nke XV-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ.