Corrosion: ụdị corrosion nchedo ụzọ

Corrosion - bụ mbibi nke metal, seramiiki, osisi na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka a n'ihi nke chemical ma ọ bụ physico-chemical mmekọrịta. Ma ihe ndị na-akpatara ndị a ekwesighi mmetụta, ha dị iche iche. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, a bughi ahaghị nhata na thermodynamic mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ka anyị lebakwuo anya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị dị otú ahụ corrosion. Types of corrosion nwekwara maa kwesịrị ịtụle, na-echebe megide na ọ bụghị ihe karịrị okwu.

A bit nke ozi izugbe

Anyị na-eji ịnụ okwu bụ "nchara na", nke a na-eji bụrụ na nke corrosion nke metal na alloys. E nwere ihe dị otú ahụ dị ka "ịka nká", - ọ bụ ihe e ji mara nke Polymers. N'ezie, ha bụ otu onye na otu. A pụtara ìhè ihe atụ - merela agadi nke roba isiokwu n'ihi na nkwukọrịta ifịk oxygen. Ke adianade do, ụfọdụ nke plastic akụkụ na-ebibi site na mmiri ozuzo. The eruba ọnụego nke corrosion na-adabere na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe owuwu dị. N'ihi ya, nchara na metal ngwaahịa ga-ekesa ihe ngwa ngwa, na elu okpomọkụ. Na-emetụta iru mmiri: elu ya bụ, ngwa ngwa na-metal aghọ ekwesighi maka inwekwu were. Empirically kpebisiri ike na ihe 10 percent nke metal ngwaahịa irreversibly debited na mpu - corrosion. corrosion Types dị iche iche, na na-nkewa dabere na ụdị nke mgbasa ozi, ọdịdị nke eruba na dị ka. Ka anyị lee ha na ihe zuru ezu.

nhazi ọkwa

Ugbu e nwere ihe karịrị abụọ na iri na abuo n'onwe rusting. Anyị na-ewetara naanị ndị kasị mkpa ụdị corrosion. Conventionally, ha nwere ike kere n'ime ndị na-esonụ iche iche:

• Chemical corrosion - usoro nke mmekọrịta a corrosive gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na ọxịdashọn nke metal na oxidizer mgbake nwalere n'ime otu omume. The metal na oxidant na-adịghị spatially iche.
• Electrochemical corrosion - metal na mmekọrịta usoro na electrolyte ngwọta. Ionization nke atọm na oxidizer mgbake dị iche ngwá Otú ọ dị, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-adabere na ọsọ nke electrode nwere.
• Gas corrosion - chemical rusting metal na di ntakiri mmiri ọdịnaya (erughị 0,1 percent) na / ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ na a gaseous ọkara. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na umu dị na chemical na mmanụ ala ọrụ.

Ke adianade do, e nwere nnukwu ego nke nchara Filiks. ha niile nwere corrosion. Types of corrosion Ke adianade n'elu, na-agụnye ndu, redioaktivu, ikuku, na kọntaktị, Nde, wdg aha rusting.

Galvanic corrosion na ya atụmatụ

N'ọnọdụ dị otú a usoro mbibi na-ewe ebe n'elu kọntaktị nke metal na electrolyte. Dị ka nke ikpeazụ nwere ike ịbụ a ghọọ mmanụ ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo na mmiri. The ọzọ ọmụmụ nwere salts na asịd, na elu eletriki conductivity, na ya mere na eruba ọnụego nke usoro. Ma ebe ndị kasị ewekarị corrosion nke metal Ọdịdị, ọ rivets, welds, n'ibu mmebi ebe. Ọ bụrụ na bughi Njirimara nke ígwè alloy-eme ka ọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ ka rusting, usoro bụ dịtụ iji nwayọọ, ma ka na-aga n'ihu. A atụ kasịnụ bụ zinc. The eziokwu na zinc nwere a ọzọ na-adịghị mma nwere ike karịa ígwè. N'ihi na nke a dị mfe mere, ihe alloy ígwè na-ebelata, na zinc corrodes. Otú ọ dị, ọnụnọ nke oxide film n'elu slows ala usoro nke mbibi. N'ezie, ụdị nile nke electrochemical corrosion bụ nnọọ ize ndụ na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na-agaghị ekwe omume obibi ha.

chemical corrosion

Dị otú ahụ metal mgbanwe ezi mgbe. A pụtara ìhè ihe atụ bụ omume nke ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ihi mmekọrịta oxygen nke metal ngwaahịa. The elu okpomọkụ na nke a na-eme dị ka onye ome osooso nke usoro, na ọ nwere ike na-ekere òkè na a mmiri mmiri dị ka mmiri, salts, asịd, alkali na nnu ngwọta. Ekwu okwu nke na ihe ndị dị ka ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ zinc, ha ọxịdashọn na-eduga ná a n'ihu anụ film corrosion. Steel otu ngwaahịa ụdị ígwè oxide. Ọzọkwa chemical Filiks enye ịrị elu na nchara na-adịghị, nke na-adịghị enye ọ bụla nchedo n'ihu mmebi, kama na-eme ka nke a. Dị ugbu a, na ụdị nile nke chemical corrosion na-ewepụ site n'aka galvanizing. Ike ga-eji na ndị ọzọ na ihe nchebe.

Ụdị ihe corrosion

Mgbanwe ihe owuwu ma na-abawanye nke na brittleness nke ihe n'okpuru nduzi nke gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ịbụ nke atọ ụdị:

• The mbibi nke ndị na simenti nkume iberibe - otu n'ime ndị kasị ahụkarị ụdị corrosion. Na o nwere ebe ke edinam na ngwaahịa nke ihe na-n'usoro gụrụ mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ dị mmiri mmiri. Ihe calcium hydroxide-na-asa na akwusila Ọdịdị.
• Mmekọrịta asịd. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ciment nkume ahụ ga-abụ na na kọntaktị na asịd, ọ Nleta calcium bicarbonate - ike ike chemical mmewere maka a ihe ngwaahịa.
• Crystallization nke ufat soluble bekee. N'ezie, anyị nwere n'uche biocorrosion. The ala akara bụ na microorganisms (spores, dịkwa ka usoro ha) tinye pores na mepụtara n'ebe ahụ, ka a na-ebibi.

Corrosion: Ụdị, ụzọ nke nchebe

O doro anya na ọtụtụ ijeri n'ime afọ losses emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị mmadụ ga-emeso ndị a na-emerụ mmetụta. Ọ bụ mma ikwu na niile iche nke corrosion adịghị eduga a ọnwụ nke metal, na oké ọnụ ahịa metalwork, ndị na-ewu nke emefu nnukwu ichekwa ego. Ọ bụ siri ike ikwu ma ma ọ bụ na-enye 100 percent nchedo kwere omume. Otú ọ dị, na kwesịrị ekwesị elu nkwadebe, bụ nke a gbawara ihicha, ọ bụ ike iji nweta ezi ihe. Electrochemical corrosion na-echebe ndị paintwork ma ọ bụrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị na etinyere ya. A mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke metal n'okpuru ala reliably chebe pụrụ iche elu ọgwụgwọ.

Active na n'ezinụlọ ụzọ nke na-alụ

Ihe kachasi mkpa nke nọ n'ọrụ ụzọ bụ ịgbanwe Ọdịdị nke abụọ electric ubi. N'ihi nke a, a mgbe nile ugbu a isi iyi. The voltaji ga-ahọrọ ka ntọt na electrode nwere nke ngwaahịa na ị chọrọ iji chebe. Ọzọ na-ewu ewu usoro - "chụọ àjà" anode. Ọ na-ebibi, na-echebe isi ihe.

N'ezinụlọ nchedo-agụnye iji ihe agba. The ebumnobi bụ isi kpamkpam gbochie ingress nke mmiri na oxygen na-echebe n'elu. Ka ugbua kwuru n'elu a ole na ole, ọ na-eme uche iji zinc, ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ nickel plating. Ọbụna ikpe ebibi oyi akwa ga-echebe metal si rusting. N'ezie, ndị a na ụdị nchedo corrosion nke ọla ndị dị irè naanị mgbe elu ga-enwe anya ntụpọ dị ka cracks, ibe na dị ka.

Kpaliri n'ụzọ zuru ezu

Anyị nwere ị kpuchie isi ụdị corrosion, na ugbu a, m ga-achọ ikwu okwu banyere ndị kasị mma ụzọ nke nchebe. Otu n'ime ndị a na-kpaliri. Ya kachasi mkpa idu ke eziokwu na-arụ ọrụ n'elu-etinyere zinc ma ọ bụ ihe alloy-ya nile, nke na-enye n'elu physicochemical Njirimara. Ọ ga-kwuru na usoro a na-ewere ka otu n'ime ndị kasị echekwa na oru oma, na nke a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na zinc plating ọnụego nke banyere pasent 40 nke ụwa mmepụta nke a mmewere. Itinye kpaliri ígwè Ibé akwụkwọ nwere ike doro, fasteners, nakwa dị ka ngwá na ndị ọzọ na metal. -Akpali mmasị, via metallization ma ọ bụ sputtering nwere ike na-echebe ngwaahịa nke ọ bụla size na udi. Ji achọ nzube zinc adịghị, ọ na-enyemaka nke ụfọdụ pụrụ iche nwekwara ọ bụ ike inweta onwunwu-ebupụta. Onwere, na metal bụ ike inye kacha echebe ọjọọ gburugburu.

ọgwụgwụ

Ya mere, anyị na-agwa gị na a corrosion. Types of corrosion na-atụle. Ugbu a, na ị maara otú e si chebe n'elu si akaghi rusting. Site na nnukwu, ọ na-eme ka ọ dị nnọọ mfe, ma o nwere bukwanu uru, ebe na otú iji ngwaahịa. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ mgbe niile gụrụ ike na vibration, e nwere a elu puru nke omume nke cracks na paintwork, site na nke mmiri ga-ada na metal, na n'ihi na ọ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akawanye njọ. O sina dị, ojiji nke dị iche iche na roba gaskets na sealants na ubi nke na mmekọrịta nke metal ngwaahịa nwere ike ubé ogologo ndụ nke na mkpuchi.

Ọfọn, nke ahụ bụ niile na okwu a. Cheta na akaghi bughi ọdịda n'ihi na mmetụta nke corrosion pụrụ iduga na-atụghị ya pụta. The enterprise nwere nnukwu ihe onwunwe mebiri na mmadụ weere kwere omume dị ka a N'ihi nke rusting metal ụgbọelu.