Creep

Deformation bụ a usoro nke n'okpuru nduzi nke ibu etinyere ahụ na-agbanwe ya size na udi. Usoro mgbanwe nwere ike ịbụ nke abụọ na ụdị. Ọ na-ezo na-akpa-reversible (agbanwe) na abụọ - mmapụta (plastic) deformation.

The mbụ ụdị bụ a usoro nke mgbe mwepụ nke ibu ahụ na-abịa n'ime ya mbụ udi. Nke a na-agbanwe anya n'etiti atọm n'ime crystal lattice kwa.

Plastic deformation bụ usoro na nke ahu na ama okodorode ibu anaghị weghachi mbụ ya udi. Mgbanwe a na-esonyere a ịrịba Ndahie nke akụkụ ụfọdụ nke crystal ikwu ọ bụla ọzọ na a anya ukwuu karịa anya nke na crystal lattice n'etiti atọm.

Plastic deformation mgbe niile ndị ihe na-agbanwe. N'ihi ya, n'ozuzu mgbanwe ke ibu oge nke mmetụta na-agụnye abụọ Filiks - reversible na mmapụta.

Deformation nke ọla bụ nke dị oké bara uru. Nke a bụ n'ihi bụ isi eziokwu na ọgwụgwọ mgbali nke ihe dabeere na usoro na-agbanwe na udi ma na size nke blanks. Na nke a, esịtidem nchegbu na-egosi na mmetụta physicochemical na n'ibu Njirimara nke ihe onwunwe.

Plastic deformation nke metal (ya ọdịdị na ibu) na-adabere na plasticity nke ihe. Nke a onwunwe nwere ike enyocha n'oge ikwu ibelata ma ọ bụ ogologo oge nke samples na a tensile ule. Akụkụ nke ductile ọla-agụnye ndị ike. Nke a ihe onwunwe egosi mbibi ọma n'oge ekwe notched na-akwanyere ndị sectional nke ebe notch òkè.

The ductility nke ihe onwunwe enwekwu na ihe dị iche n'etiti mkpụrụ ike na ike. Plastic deformation na kenkuwa ihe fọrọ nke nta anaghị eme. N'ihi na eziokwu na ha tụọ mkpụrụ nchegbu dị nso larịị nke ike ọdụdọ, agbaji ha ngwa ngwa. Nke a na-eme, n'ihi na ihe atụ, iko, poselin, ígwè, nkume. Ka ọ dịgodị, kpo oku na metal ka a elu okpomọkụ na-eduga ná eziokwu na ọnụego nke ike ọdụdọ bụ fọrọ nke nta yiri na uru nke mkpụrụ ike.

Mmapụta polycrystalline Ọdịdị mgbanwe ihe nwere ụfọdụ atụmatụ tụnyere otu usoro na otu crystal ahu. Oyi plastic deformation bụ nchikota nke mgbanwe na udi ma na size nke onye ọka na mgbanwe n'ókè-ala olu. Ezie na onye mkpụrụ na-doro deformation site twinning na eji ha interconnection na a plurality nke polycrystalline aru-eme ka ụfọdụ atụmatụ nke usoro.

N'ihi na eziokwu na ileghara ụgbọelu na-agba mbọ na-enweghị usoro na ohere, usoro ga-adị iche. The mbụ mmalite deform ndị mkpụrụ nke na-doro ndị eji ụgbọelu nke kacha shiee nchegbu. Na nke a na gburugburu ọcha ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ idem ke usoro. Deformation mgbanwe ha udi - ha na-aghọ elongated na ntụziaka nke kacha osisi ike nke metal eruba (lengthwise ikwu na ntụziaka nke deformation).

N'ihi ya, ihe na-enweta a fibrous Ọdịdị. Elongated dara inclusions ime ka iche na eriri Njirimara tinyere na gafee. Changing ọdịdị nke mkpụrụ ya na-esonyere a mgbanwe nghazi nke crystal lattices na ohere. Mgbe ọtụtụ ndị ọcha ga-enwe otu nghazi, udidi a kpụrụ deformation.