Customs Union - ihe bụ nke a? State nke Customs Union

The Customs Union a kpụrụ na ebumnuche nke na-eke a otu ebe, na n'ime ya na e nwere ahịa na ụba na mgbochi. Wezụga na compensatory, nchebe na mgbochi dumping jikoro. Customs Union-agụnye iji ihe a nkịtị omenala tarifu na ndị ọzọ jikoro iji mezie ahia ibu na nke atọ mba.

definition

Customs n'otu - a n'otu nke ọtụtụ so n'òtù, nke na-eduzi na nkwonkwo na-eme na ubi nke omenala iwu. Ọzọkwa kagburu ahịa na ókè-ala n'etiti ndị ọzọ, na ndị ọzọ na mba ẹkenam a nkịtị omenala tarifu.

akụkọ

The mbụ dị otú ahụ jikọrọ aka pụta na nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ, onye sonyere ndị France na Monaco.

Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, kwubiri na Customs Union - bụ Switzerland na ihe gbasara onye isi nke Liechtenstein. I nwere ike na-ekwu na dị ka ihe atụ na ngwụsị nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, ndị General Agreement on tariffs na Trade, Europe Economic Community e guzobere na 1957, nke tutu amama niile mgbochi ahia n'etiti ọzọ, ma guzosie ike a nkịtị omenala tarifu maka ahia na nke atọ mba. The European Association e hiwere na 1960 free ahia, nke kagburu ụtụ isi na omenala na quantitative mgbochi nke ahia mkpakọrịta òtù.

The mba na-ekere òkè EEC na EFTA mba ndị ka na ugbu iche iche na omenala ụkpụrụ na ọ dịghị nkịtị ọrụ ahia, na socialist mba na-adịghị Customs Union, ma nkwekọrịta metụtara imekọ ihe ọnụ na ibe aka na omenala ihe.

nkịtị ngwá, ụzọ na iche-iche maka aha nke ibu e ẹkenam dị ka ihe ngosi na ahia ngosi. Aka nkwekọrịta na simplification nke ikike ngafe kọstọm. Ndị a nkwekọrịta mee ngwangwa ije nke ibu, ike zuru ụwa ọnụ ahịa na gbochie nile di iche iche nke imebi.

Na 2010 e kere a otu omenala otu, nke na-agụnye Russia, Kazakhstan na Belarus. Nke a na-agụnye ihe e kere eke nke a otu omenala n'ókèala na-enye ihe niile akara ọrụ.

N'afọ a, ba Customs Union of Kyrgyzstan, Russia, na n'otu oge ahụ na-eme ya ọnọdụ.

Doo nke Customs Union

October 6, 2007 bịanyere aka Treaty n'etiti Russian Federation, Belarus na Kazakhstan na ntughari ka a otu omenala n'otu.

On July 1, 2010 na dị na Customs Code ghọrọ arụmọrụ otu omenala ókèala ndị mba atọ.

Tutu amama nkwupụta na ndebanye aha na na omenala na ala nke atọ na-ekwu. Ngwongwo nwere ike ime enweghị nwechapụ, nke eliminates na-akwụ ụgwọ. Ha na-akwaga nnọọ mfe ma na-ebelata-eri nke mbupu ngwongwo.

Mgbe e mesịrị na ókèala ndị Union ebilite Common Economic Space (CES) na a na-arụ ọrụ otu ahịa maka ọrụ, nke na mgbakwunye na-ahia na-agụnye ọrụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ebe nke ọrụ.

2015 Customs Union ji a ọhụrụ omume. ọzọ so na nzukọ entry na-eme ka mgbanwe ụfọdụ na geopolitics. A ọhụrụ Ọdịdị nke nzukọ Customs Union (Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kazakhstan na ndị ọzọ) ga na-agbasa ahia mmekọahụ na Cu mba.

Isi

Customs Union - ihe mkpakọrịta na Aims na rụọ ọrụ ndị na aku na uba larịị ke Member States. Kere ahịa nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ 180 na ego ntụgharị nke $ 900 ijeri.

Ọgwụgwụ nke Customs Union ngwongwo kwaga kpamkpam ofụri n'ókèala na ihe nke eluigwe na ala akara.

Ọ bụrụ na-ebupụ akwukwo N'ezie, excise ọrụ a na-akwụ adịghị mkpa, na VAT ọnụego bụ efu.

N'ihe banyere bubata na Russia site na Kazakhstan na Belarus, na Russian tax ọchịchị chepụtara echiche excise oru na VAT. Customs Union - ọ bụ ihe dị mfe na-eri-irè ụdị mmekọrịta.

Ọdịdị

Òtù nke nzukọ Cu (Customs Union)

- Russia na Kazakhstan (ebe 01.07.2010).

- Belarus (site 06.07.2010 afọ).

- Armenia (site 10.10.2014 afọ).

- Kyrgyzstan (site 08.05.2015 afọ).

Oghere mmeri maka otu:

- Tajikistan.

- Syria.

- Tunisia.

N'abụ ahụ Customs Union nwa akwukwo mba atụle n'ọdịnihu dị nso. Mmụba nke nzukọ bụ ike melite ụwa ahịa. Nbanye nwa akwukwo mba nke Customs Union (Tajikistan, Syria, Tunisia) - bụ atụmanya nke ọzọ mba ndị mepere emepe n'ihi mmụba nke na ọnọdụ ha.

Ukara ozu

Kasị Elu achị isi - the International Council of ndi isi nke State na Government. Ọzọkwa, dị ka nkwekọrịta guzosie ike site na Commission nke Customs Union, nke bụ a na-adịgide adịgide n'ahụ nke iwu.

Oru nke elu ọchịchị na 2009 mụụrụ a mbara jikoro aka nchebe contractual na ndabere iwu kwadoro nke Customs Union.

Site na mkpebi nke-isi nke otu mba nke Union e guzobere Economic Commission ka a na-adịgide adịgide zuru ụwa ọnụ usoro iwu ahụ akara, nke bụ ebutere ka Supreme Yurop Economic Council.

Isi uru

Isi uru nke Customs Union maka akụ na ụba entities tụnyere na free ahia mpaghara bụ:

• Na ókèala nke Customs Union budata belata na-eri nke na-eke, nhazi na ije nke ibu.
• oge na-eri nke ego, na-ebilite n'ihi na ndutịm mgbochi, budata mgbada n'usoro.
• The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke omenala na usoro chọrọ maka Itie ịtụbata ngwá ahịa si atọ mba mgbada n'usoro.
• Ghọrọ dị, ọhụrụ ahịa nke ngwá ahịa.
• Ịdị n'otu nke omenala iwu dugara ya simplification.

The Customs Union na Wto

Na usoro nke ihe e kere eke nke Customs Union e kwuru ọtụtụ nchegbu banyere atuaha ụgbọala ụkpụrụ na Wto iwu.

Na 2011, nzukọ ka chịkọtara ya nile udu full nnabata ya na norms nke Wto. Ọ bụrụ na ala nke Customs Union ga-aba Wto, ga-prioritized Wto iwu.

Na 2012, Russia sonyeere Wto, nke mere ka ndị ọhụrụ nke Common Customs tarifu nke Customs Union na mba dị na Wto chọrọ. Larịị nke 90 pasent nke ibubata ọrụ nọgidere na otu.

na-alụ ọgụ

Na November 2014 ihe anụ si Belarus na Russia iwu. The olu bụ banyere 400,000 tọn. Otú ọ dị, Russian n'akụkụ emewo ihe iji ikesiike akara nke ngwongwo na ịgafe ókè nke Belarus, nke bụ ihe megidere mfe iwu ahụ e ji ebu nke ngwaahịa, ọrụ na ókèala ndị Customs Union.

Ekiri kwuru a ọma mix nke usoro nke Customs Union na re-mbupụ usoro na Russia iwu European ngwongwo. Dị ka ihe atụ, azu bubata si Belarus, nke nwere dịghị tinyekwa oké osimiri, mụbara site na 98 pasent na Russia.

Belarusian President AG Lukashenka ama ofụt site mmachibido nke Russian n'akụkụ na ebubo Russia emebi iwu nke Customs Union na ejighị iwu mba.

Dị ka ekiri, na-egosi, iwu nwere a mgbe, dị ka nke na ikpe nke mgbochi site Russia na ahia na iga nke ngwongwo na Belarusian n'akụkụ nwere ikike bụghị soro okwu nke nkwekọrịta.

Na 2015 Belarus laghachiri Russian ókè ókè-ala-achịkwa, otú emebi okwu nke EAEC Treaty. Ọ na-mara ọkwa yiri ịjụ nke ruble dị ka a ego nke mmezi na nloghachi nke ego na US dollar. Russian ọkachamara kweere na ndị dị otú ahụ a ọnọdụ, mpaghara mwekota dara n'okpuru agha.

nnyocha

Na 2010, mgbalị, mmegide ndị agha na-ahazi a referendum maka oké iwe nke nkwekọrịta e mere. Kazakhstan mere a na-ekwu nke ịda iwu nke Ọkaakaa ikike.

Ọ na-mere oké egwu kwuru nke Customs Union na-esonụ:

• Ọrịa na-kọwaa okwu nke ahia na asambodo nke ngwongwo.
• Wto ọnọdụ ha iwu na Russia na Kazakhstan na Belarus, nke bụ òtù nke n'elu òtù na-adịghị.
• Ụtụ na receipts kwuru emegbu ekesa n'etiti obodo.
• The Customs Union bụ na-abaghị uru dị ka a oru ngo ugbu a ma nwere sonyere.

Ka ọ dịgodị, ọmụmụ na-egosi na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ideological ihe ndị Customs Union na mgbanwe degrees uru ndị so na ya.

Ọ na-atụ aro na Customs Union bụ a phantom, ọ bụghị viable ka keakamere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kwadoro.

Echiche ọha mmadụ

Na 2012, ndị Center maka Integration Research uche nghoputa ẹkenịmde ke Yurop Development Bank. Ndị nnyocha e mere gụnyere CIS na Georgia. The ajụjụ ahụ jụrụ, sị: "Olee otú ị na-eche banyere eziokwu na aku na uba nke Belarus, Kazakhstan na Russia nwere n'otu?". esonụ anata e natara, na-abata na itinye otu ke Customs Union:

- Tajikistan: "nti" 76%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 17% "na-ezighị ezi" 2%.

- Kazakhstan: "nti" 80%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 10% "na-ezighị ezi" 5%.

- Russia: "nti" 72%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 17% "na-adịghị mma" 4%.

- Uzbekistan: "nti" 67%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 14% "na-ezighị ezi" 2%.

- Kyrgystan: "nti" 67%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 15% "na-ezighị ezi" 8%.

- Moldova "ghaghị" 65%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 20% "na-ezighị ezi" 7%.

- Armenia: "nti" 61%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 26% "na-ezighị ezi" 6%.

- Belarus: "nti" 60%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 28% "na-ezighị ezi" 6%.

- Ukraine: "nti" 57%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 31% "na-ezighị ezi" 6%.

- Azerbaijan: "nti" 38%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 46% "na-ezighị ezi" 11%.

- Georgia: "nti" 30%, "na-enweghị mmasị" 39% "na-ezighị ezi" 6%.

ọkachamara echiche

Dị ka Secretary nke Customs Union Commission Sergeya Glazeva, Cu bara uru ma okwu nke geopolitics, na usoro nke aku na uba. Nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa ihe nweta na-enye ọtụtụ doro uru States Nnọkọ Oriri na Ọṅụṅụ.

Dị ka FTF Russian ndú Andrei Belyaninov na a ogbako na 2009, Customs Union ná mmalite nke ya ime ihe ga-ike nsogbu maka ulo oru na omenala ndị ọchịchị, ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla karịrị a mgbanwe oge.

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko enye a definition nke Customs Union dị ka a nzọụkwụ ọzọ iji hụ na e kere eke nke a otu aku na uba na ohere, nke ga-abụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ụdị nke aku na uba mmekọahụ n'etiti ndị na-ekere òkè ná mba.