Cyprus - nke a bụ ihe mba? The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Cyprus. Cyprus ọkọlọtọ

Cyprus - nke a bụ ihe mba? Ka anyị na-aghọta nke a nke ọnụ. Mbụ niile, anyị na-arịba ama na, ọ bụ otu nọọrọ onwe ha ala ebe ọ bụ na 1960. Na mbụ, ọ bụ ndị British ógbè. Nke ndị bi na-ekwu okwu Grik, na ụfọdụ - na Turkish. N'afọ 1974 Turkish agha wakporo agwaetiti ma nwere ya n'ebe ugwu. Kemgbe ahụ, Cyprus eruwo ihe karịrị otu narị na iri ise na puku biri.

Na mba ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ihe owuwu nke EU, ndị bi na ya na-akpọ ndị Saịprọs.

Territory na n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda

Cyprus na-kewara abụọ n'akụkụ. North-achịkwa site Turks. Ha guzobere ebe nke TRNC - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ghọtara na na Turks onwe ha. The ike nke oku na-aga nyere n'ókèala na-arụ. The Republic of Cyprus - bụ ihe mba? Ọkaakaa. Ọ na-emi odude ke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke agwaetiti ahụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-na-ezighị kwuru na Greek Cyprus.

A nkịtị kwesịghị

Cyprus - nke a bụ ihe mba? The State na ajụjụ, n'ezie, nwere obosara omenala agbatị na Greece, ma ka ya onwe ha. Nke a bụ ihe mba ghọtara na mba, nke iwu ikike ọbụbụeze n'àgwàetiti ahụ na ya gbara ya gburugburu mmiri. Wezụga bụ nanị atọ pasent nke ókèala, nke, dị ka mgbakwunye na mkpebi banyere ntoala nke Republic, Great Britain debeere ịnabata naval bases. Banyere ezigbo ọnọdụ, agwaetiti a na-ekewa n'ime anọ n'akụkụ:

- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (na n'ebe ugwu);

- na Republic of Cyprus (ndịda);

- a na-akpọ Green Line kewara abụọ n'elu-e kwuru akụkụ na chịkwara ndị UN;

- abụọ agha bases na Britain - "Dhekelia" na "Akrotiri".

History of Cyprus

Nke a agwaetiti bụ nke atọ kasị ukwuu n'etiti ndị ọzọ nile na Mediterranean. Ịtụle Cyprus na map, ị pụrụ ịhụ ihe mere na mba nwere ike imeri ọtụtụ ihe isi ike na-egosipụta mgbe nile ọgụ nke ndị mwakpo. All dị mfe: n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị agbata obi, àgwàetiti na-egwuri ọrụ nke a naval isi, bụ isi iyi nke ụtụ isi na ndị bara uru eke ego. Greeks onye mere mmepeanya ndị a n'ókèala, wakpoo ndị Asiria, ndị Peshia, ndị Rom, Finishia, ndị Venishia, Byzantines, Agha Ntụte, Latins, na British na Turks. Power n'àgwàetiti ahụ chọrọ a otutu, ma ndị Grik na-enwe ike ịnọgide na-enwe a-eduga ọnọdụ.

Prehistory

Na Paleolithic oge, àgwàetiti e bi ndị bi n'ebe ahụ naanị Cyprus ntakịrị Elephant (hippos). Ọ bụghị nanị enen ndị hụrụ foduru nke ụmụ anụmanụ. Dị mwute ikwu na ha, ha nile nwuru mgbe mmadụ mụtara Cyprus. Ọ mere na Neolithic oge, itoolu ma ọ bụ iri puku afọ BC. Ndị mbụ mere ka ha, na anụ ụlọ - ewu, ehi, ezi, nkịta. The ọhụrụ minted Cypriots ifịk ifịk wuru ụlọ nke àjà-nsure wayo. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ruo iri mita n'obosara.

Ọzọkwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Cyprus na-eme ka a dị ịrịba ama n'aka: banyere 3800 BC a dị ike ala ọma jijiji na-ebibi dum Neolithic omenala. Dochie a ọla kọpa-nkume afọ. Iji nwere anwụghị pụrụ iche arịa - a chizul na mere nke dị ọcha na ọla kọpa hooks.

The ọzọ ogbo nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agwaetiti ugbu metụtara na mbata nke ekupụ si Anatolia. Nke a mere na gburugburu 2400 BC. e. - na chi ọbụbọ nke oze Age. Ọ bụ n'oge a malitere ịpụta nzere ebe e wusiri ike na-agba akaebe na-egosi ihe ikuku na n'oge ahụ.

Point nke seramiiki ihe dịịrị Iron Age, eduga ná nkwubi okwu na Cyprus bụ n'okpuru nduzi nke ndị Gris. Prehistoric agwaetiti development Oge ahụ kwụsịrị na biakwa obibia nke Asiria, na mgbe e mesịrị ndị Gris na Rom dere na isi mmalite na-agwa anyị banyere ebe ndị a.

ochie

Na n'oge ochie Cyprus ka a rụrụ ụka ókèala. Na 526 BC Peasia meriri ya n'aka ndi Ijipt, na 449 BC agwaetiti weghaara ndị Atens. The ndị meriri ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa wetara onye ọ bụla ọzọ n'elu reins nke Cyprus maka a ogologo oge. N'ihi ya, akụkọ ihe mere eme dị iche oge ndị Rom, na mgbe ahụ na - Byzantine. Na 1191 agwaetiti ahụ weghaara agha ntụte, edu Richard ndị Lionheart. Ekemende, àgwàetiti ji nke Ottoman na British.

Oge intercommunal erughị ala

Na 1960 Cyprus nweela nọworo na-onwe. The okwu na-gara site nnọchiteanya nke Turkey, ndị UK na Greece. N'ihi ya, agwaetiti ahụ kewara abụọ obodo - Greek na Turkish. Onyeisi oche mbụ bụ Achịbishọp Makarios n'ọchịchị. Dị ka oruru nke 1960, abụọ obodo a ghọtara na - Greek (80% nke ndị bi) na Turkish (18%). N'otu oge ahụ na-Turkish Cypriots natara a atọ nke posts na management na ikike mkpebi iwu. Ke adianade do, osote onyeisi oche nke mba, kwa, we ghọrọ ha ọnụ na-ekwuru.

All na-eto eto erughị ala n'etiti obodo emeela agha. Nke a ihe mere na 1963. The ọgụ biri nanị mgbe abanye UN agha nchebe udo, ma agha na-adịghị jisiri imenyụ kpamkpam.

agha kuu

The merenụ emewo ka ọhụrụ clashes na 1974. N'ihi ya, ike bụ ndị agha junta. Kuu mgbalị e mere ka Greek Saịprọs nri-nku extremists. The legitimately hoputara President Makarios n'ọchịchị a kwaturu. Cyprus hụghachi Greece. Mgbe ụbọchị ise gafere, ndị Turkish ọchịchị n'okpuru pretext nke ichebe Turkish Saịprọs agha banyere ma nwere banyere iri anọ percent nke ugwu n'ókèala nke mba. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a agha, banyere puku mmadụ isii ndị e gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala abụọ na narị abụọ na puku ekpe agwaetiti na Status of Refugees.

On n'ala ji nke Turks ebibi ncheta, Byzantine ụka zuuru, ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị exported si mba. The akpa ke November 1983 na Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus e kpọsara. Ruo ugbu a, ọ dịghị mba ụwa na-adịghị aghọta ya. The nsogbu nke nkewa nke agwaetiti na n'oge anyị na-elekọta ndị Saịprọs.

atụ

Flag of Cyprus (foto ị pụrụ ịhụ n'okpuru) nwere a ọcha ndabere na silhouette nke agwaetiti ahụ. The agba nke ikpeazụ - oroma, na nke a abụghị na mberede, n'ihi na ọ na-anọchi anya ndị buru ibu ego nke ọla kọpa, hụrụ na Cyprus gburugburu puku afọ atọ tupu oge. N'okpuru image nke agwaetiti - abụọ alaka nke osisi olive, personifying a ndụ n'àgwàetiti nke agbụrụ dị iche iche nke Turks ma ndị Grik. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ihe karịrị ihe ọ bụla ọkọlọtọ na-adịghị mee ihe oyiyi nke mba circuit ke ererimbot.

obodo ọnọdụ

Cyprus na map dị na nrutu nke ndị na-esonụ na mpaghara: Asia Minor, North Africa na Europe. Àgwàetiti erukwa si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo 240 km na site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda - 100 km. Ya ebe bụ ihe karịrị 9 sq. M. km. Mediterranean washes Cyprus, na-eme ka obodo mara mma maka beach ndị hụrụ. Island mben na-ukwuu n'ime ala-ịgha ụgha, ubé indented, na ke edem edere - nkume na nkpoda. Ha ngụkọta ogologo bụ banyere narị isii na iri kilomita.

Nrụtụ Cyprus - 35º1000 ugwu ohere na lonjituudu 33º2100 ndịda.

atụmatụ

Geography of Cyprus nweta n'echiche isi mgbawa ugwu na nrutu nke African na Asian ala efere, dị ka a N'ihi nke a kpụrụ nke agwaetiti ahụ. The enyemaka ọkacha mma ugwu ugwu. Fọrọ nke nta 150 kilomita tinyere n'ebe ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri gbatịa Kyrenia ugwu (kacha elu nke 1023 m) na Karpas (kasị elu mgbe - 364 m). Ha na-dị iche iche na Ọdịdị, dị ka a kpụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke dissimilar ọnọdụ. N'ebe ndịda na etiti ebe ji nke Troodos ugwu.

The ọzọ ọwọrọiso nke Cyprus? Ya obodo ọnọdụ na crossroads nke ikuku na ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri na-eme ka ọ dị mkpa usoro ihe nke Eastern Mediterranean.

weather

The idụhe ke Cyprus e ji kwụsie ike na imeru ihe n'ókè. Ọ okpomọkụ Mediterranean, nke mere na nkezi ogologo ndụ nke ndị bi n'àgwàetiti dị elu karịa ihe atụ, ndị America ma ọ bụ ndị British. Cypriots adịkarịghị na-ata ahụhụ si na-efe efe.

Na okpomọkụ, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ àmà site 25-35 degrees Celsius, na oyi fọrọ nke nta mgbe tụlee n'okpuru 10 Celsius. N'etiti October na April, na-emekarị ezo. The oge kacha mma maka a beach ezumike - si June na September. Hikers ahọrọ gaa Cyprus ke ini utọ mgbe okooko osisi oge ntoju. Ụdị okooko ala ahịhịa juru na Troodos n'ezie ikpọ.

minerals

Agwaetiti a na-mere nke ọla kọpa mmịpụta, marble, wayo sulphate (gypsum), bentonite ụrọ na eke dyes (ocher, umber). N'ihi mbupụ ndị a ego Saịprọs àkù na-replenished kwa afo site na nde 32 euro.

Na December 2011, n'àgwàetiti (ndịda nke n'ụsọ oké osimiri) nke eke gas ego a chọpụtara. Ha tentetivu olu - si 160 255 ijeri cubic mita.

akwukwo nri ụwa

Na mbara ọzara na na n'ebe di ala ala nke Evergreen osisi na-eto eto. Oké ọhịa nwere ike hụrụ tumadi na ugwu, ha zaa ajụjụ maka oak, fir, Aleppo pine na ibu cacti. E nwere oroma na lemon Asherim. Total na Cyprus etolite 1890 ụdị osisi, n'etiti ha bụ ndị jupụtara ejupụta, ie. E. Specific n'ókèala. N'ọhịa i nwere ike ịhụ anemones, na ohere iputa nza na roadsides - asphodel. N'oge ochie e weere omimi ozi nke ifo.

anụmanụ ụwa

The fauna nke Cyprus bụghị dị ka ọgaranya ka osisi. E na-bi ọhịa boar, ngwere, chameleons, mbe, ọhịa òké bekee, weasels, agwọ na squirrels. Birds n'àgwàetiti karịrị narị atọ na umu, n'etiti ha Jay, nnukwu nnụnnụ tit, dipper, crossbill, crested akwaa, larks, Imperial ugo, nightingales na kites.

okpukpe

Kasị Cypriots rube isi na okpukpe Ndị Kraịst. N'àgwàetiti na e nwere ọtụtụ chọọchị Ọtọdọks. Dị ka iwu, okpukpe dị iche iche si kwuo. Ọ bụla bi bụ free ịhọrọ okwukwe nke ha. Ihe atụ, na Cyprus bi Kraịst na ndị Juu, na Islamists, na ndị Hindu.

nlegharị anya

Cyprus - nke a bụ ihe mba? Independent na ndị mara mma! Connoisseurs n'oge ochie na-adọta mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obodo oge ochie, ebe obibi, ụlọ nsọ, na ebe obibi. Ụba nke ncheta n'ihi na eziokwu na n'oge ochie, n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ na etiti nke Mediterranean ahia na bụ isi ihe nrutu nke ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri na Middle Ages.

Nicosia

Nke a obodo - otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie n'ụwa. Nicosia ka na narị afọ nke iri nwere ọnọdụ nke agwaetiti bụ isi obodo. Ugbu a ọ bụghị kpebisiri kpọmkwem mgbe obodo ahụ tọrọ ntọala. Metụtara nke ndị mbụ biri dịịrị oze Age. N'oge ahụ obodo ahụ aha ọzọ - Ledra.

Ugbu abahade Nicosia akpa ókè akara, ma nke a bụ eziokwu adịghị ekwu si ya amara. The akụkụ bụ isi nke obodo gburugburu site na ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Venetian mgbidi, wuru na 1570, na a nnukwu nkume bastions. Ọ nwere a radial okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na a na-akpọ Old Nicosia.

The kasị pụta ìhè ụkpụrụ ụlọ masterpiece atụle Nicosia Famagusta Gate, n'ime nke na akwado ngosi na egwú mgbede. Na akụkụ bụ isi nke obodo gị nwere ike na-enwe mmasị ochie nkume nzu ụlọ, eje ije n'ụzọ ahụ Freedom Square ma na-eleta na-akpali ụlọ ahịa, kọfị ụlọ ahịa na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.

Nso Famagusta Gate bụ ndị kasị ochie Byzantine ụka Hrisaliniotissa, wuru azụ na 1450.

Ma n'èzí Venetian mgbidi bụ ihe na-enwe mmasị. Ya mere, na ebe nke ekpe mmiri juru ekewa obodo ogige. Nke a bụ ebe ka mba ndị ọzọ maka atụrụ ndụ n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Nso bụ Museum nke Cyprus. Iri na anọ na ya Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbe ochie gosiri anyị.

Limassol

Nke a obodo - nke abụọ kasị ukwuu mgbe Nicosia, emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri nke agwaetiti ahụ. Ọ bụghị dị ka ochie dị ka isi obodo, ma ọ na-adọta ọtụtụ ndị njem na ekele ọ na-erughị mara mma osimiri na ntụrụndụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ikpeazụ - Tsentralos, Amatos na Yermasoyas. Ke adianade do, na Limassol e nwere na-akpali akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta, otu nke ọbụna a ncheta wuru na nsọpụrụ nke Pushkin.

Nso n'obodo bụ agwaetiti Troodos - nnukwu mara mma n'usoro. Ya n'ókèala bụ oge ochie obi nke ndị na-achị - Kolossi Castle, wuru site Knights Hospitaller. Hazie na ụlọ elu chọpụtara oche, nke awade ịtụnanya echiche nke gbara ya gburugburu ebe.

Amathus

Nke a bụ ihe ọzọ na obodo oge ochie nke Cyprus. Ugbu a, ụfọdụ mkpọmkpọ ebe nke fọdụrụ na ya. E guzobere ya na a tọrọ ntọala dị ka otu puku afọ tupu oge. The Amathus ọma na-eto eto maka ọzọ narị afọ isii. Na a VII. BC obodo a wakporo site Arab. Mmeri chebere Amathus, dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ nọ na merụsịrị mebiri emebi. N'ikpeazụ bibiri obodo, Richard na Lionheart. Na-na saịtị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie chọpụtara mkpọmkpọ ebe nke baths, ebe nsọ nke Aphrodite, mmiri usoro na nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti nke Kraịst oge mbụ oge.

Amathus obi enweghị ihe mere a na-akpọ Saịprọs Riviera - ebe a ọmarịcha osimiri, oké ihu igwe, ezigbo hotels, upscale ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, cafes na nightclubs.

Embassy na isi obodo nke Russia

Olee otú iji nweta a visa ịga àgwàetiti kọwara? Iji mee nke a, gaa na Embassy of Cyprus. Na Moscow, ọ na-emi odude ke adres: ul. Cook, 9 awa - si 9:30 ka 16:30. Na nke a, akwụkwọ ruo awa abụọ nke ụbọchị, na-enye abụọ ruo atọ. Bịaruo elu a visa si atọ na iri na anọ na ụbọchị. Ugbu a, ndị visa ego bụ 15 euro.

ọgwụgwụ

Cyprus - agwaetiti nke mba? Anyị chọpụtara na ọ ugbu a nwere obodo kwụụrụ. Steeti a abụghị isiokwu ọ bụla Grik ma ọ bụ Turkish. Ọ bụ ya mere ajụjụ nke nke obodo nke Cyprus, adabaghị, na pụrụ ọbụna na-emejọ ndị ndị obodo.