Derzhavin creativity. Innovation na ọrụ Derzhavina

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - pụtara ìhè Russian na-ede uri 18 - n'oge narị afọ nke 19. Derzhavin ọrụ e groundbreaking ọtụtụ n'ihe na hapụrụ a ịrịba akara ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba anyị ndị e ji amụ, na-emetụta ya n'ihu mmepe.

Life na Works nke Derzhavin

Ịgụ biography nke Derzhavin, ọ nwere ike kwuru na mmalite afọ nke onye dere adịghị egosi na ọ na-kara aka na onye na-akwa nwoke na a na-ghar innovator.

Gavrila Romanovich A mụrụ 1743 na Kazan n'ógbè. The ezinụlọ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dere ya bụ nnọọ uneventful, ma nwe ama.

Early afọ

Dị ka nwatakịrị, Derzhavin diri ọnwu nna-ya, ọbụna na-aka njọ ezinụlọ ọnọdụ ego. The nne na-aga ukwuu iji hụ na ụmụ ya abụọ, na-enye ha ọ dịkarịa ala ụfọdụ agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ. Ezigbo ndị nkụzi na anāchi achi, ebe ezinụlọ bi, bụ nke ukwuu, tinyere ndị na-enwe ike ịkpọ. N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ahụ, ọrịa, erughị eru nkụzi, Derzhavin, ekele ya ike na nnọgidesi ike, ka na-jisiri ike a ezigbo ọzụzụ.

ọrụ agha

Ka a na-amụrụ nke Kazan emega ahụ, ndị na-ede uri dere ya mbụ poems. Otú ọ dị, iji gwụ m ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ na-ịga nke ọma. Nke bụ eziokwu na ndị ụkọchukwu njehie mere ụfọdụ ndị ọchịchị, emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na nwa okorobịa a afọ tupu zitere agha na Petersburg, na Preobrazhensky ndi agha, na ihe ndị nkịtị agha ọnọdụ. Naanị afọ iri gachara, ọ bụ ike ka imeta n'usoro nke mara.

Na edebanye aha ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke Derzhavin ukwuu gbanwere. Long ọrụ ahapụ ntakịrị oge maka edemede ọrụ, ma, n'agbanyeghị na nke a, na a lụrụ agha Derzhavin dere a otutu kemmeochi poems na-amụ ọrụ dị iche iche na-ede akwụkwọ, gụnyere University, nke ọ na-karịsịa na-asọpụrụ na-ewere a nlereanya. German uri nwekwara dọtara Derzhavin. Ọ maara German na aku translation n'ime Russian na German na-ede uri na ha onwe ha poems na-dabeere na ha.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe Gavrila Romanovich bụghị ma hụ ya isi ozi uri. Ọ na-agbalị inwe ka a agha ọrụ na ọrụ nke n'ala nna na rụọ ihe ọnọdụ nke ezinụlọ.

Na 1773-1774 gg. Derzhavin wee akụkụ ke n'igbochi nsogbu Emelyana Pugacheva, ma na-azụ na ude nke ha n'uru na-adịghị mere. Ebe natara dị ka ụgwọ naanị na narị atọ mkpụrụ obi ya, e atara. Ụfọdụ oge ọnọdụ amanye ya ime a ndụ abụghị nnọọ n'eziokwu ụzọ - ebre kaadị.

ngosi nke talent

Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na n'oge a, ndị seventies, ya talent maka oge mbụ meghere ike. "Chatalagayskie Ode" (1776) dọtara mmasị ndị na-agụ, ma creatively ya na ndị ọzọ ọrụ nke seventies aghọbeghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu onwe ha. Derzhavin ọrụ bụ ihe imitative, dị ka Sumarokov, Lomonosov na ndị ọzọ. The iwu siri ike nke prosody, nke, na-esonụ kpochapụwo omenala, nti ya poems, e kweghị ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-ekpughe ihe pụrụ iche talent nke na-ede akwụkwọ.

Na 1778, na ndụ onwe onye nke onye dere mere ọṅụ ihe omume - o we da passionately na ịhụnanya na nwunye Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, nke ghọọ ọtụtụ afọ nke ya uri echiche (aha ya bụ Plenira).

Own ụzọ akwụkwọ

Ebe ọ bụ na 1779 onye dere elects n'onwe ya na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ. Ruo mgbe 1791 ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-ode genre, bụ nke wetaara ya kasị ukwuu ama. Ma na-ede uri bụ bụghị nanị iji bụrụ a classic ihe atụ nke a na nlezianya genre. Ọ gbanwee ya kpamkpam gbanwere asụsụ ahụ, nke na-aghọ oké resonant, nke mmetụta uche, ọ bụghị dị ka ọ nọ na a tụrụ, ò classicism. Kpamkpam gbanwere Derzhavin ode na ideological ọdịnaya. Ọ bụrụ na mbụ obodo si ọdịmma ndị paramount, ugbu a na Derzhavina creativity ma mee, na-akpachi anya revelations. Na nke a ọ bụ onyinyo sentimentalism ya ihe mmetụta, sensuality.

adịbeghị anya

Ke akpatre ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ndụ ya Derzhavin akwụsị ede e ji na-arụ ọrụ na-amalite na-achịkwa ịhụnanya poems, enyi ozi, kemmeochi poems.

Na-ede uri nwụrụ July 8, 1816 na ala na ụlọ Zvanka, a ebe ọ hụrụ n'anya.

Creativity Derzhavina nkenke

The na-ede uri na ya chere ya isi n'uru iwebata ka akụkọ ifo "na-akpa ọchị Russian nkeji okwu," nke agwakọta ihe nke n'asụsụ ógbè na elu style, na ijikọta uri na Satire. Innovation Derzhavin bụ eziokwu na ọ amụbawo ndepụta nke Russian uri, incorporating ndị gburugburu na motifs si ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị.

ukwu ode

Derzhavin creativity nkenke ikowa ihe ndị kasị ama nke ya e ji. Ha -esoro anụ ụlọ na ndị dike, ụmụ nwoke na na onye mmalite. Creation Derzhavina otú agwakọta mbụ ekwekọghịkwa ọcha. Ka ihe atụ, "Poems na ọmụmụ nke nwa North porfirorodnogo" enweghị ike na-akpọ a ukwu ode na ot'omuma uche nke okwu. Birth of Alexander Pavlovich na 1779 a kọwaworo dị ka a oké ihe omume, ihe niile ndị oke amamihe wetara ya dị iche iche na onyinye -. Mind, akụ na ụba, mma, wdg Ma, ọchịchọ nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha ( "Na-nwoke ocheeze") na-egosi na eze - a nwoke, nke ọ bụghị ahụkarị classicism. Innovation na ọrụ Derzhavina gosipụtara ebe a na a ngwakọta nke obodo na onye ọnọdụ nke onye ahụ.

"Felitsa"

Na nke a ode Derzhavin anwa anwa na-ezo aka Eze Nwanyị Ukwu onwe ya na-arụ ụka ya na ya. Felitsa - bụ Catherine II. Gavrila Romanovich bụ regal dị ka a onwe onye, otú emebi mgbe ẹdude echesinụ classic omenala. The na-ede uri mmasị n'ebe Catherine II bụghị dị ka a ọchịchị kwadoro, ma dị ka a nwoke ahụ maara ihe bụ onye maara ụzọ ya ná ndụ na-eso ya. Mgbe ahụ na-ede uri kọwaa ndụ ya. Self-asusu mgbe akọwa agụụ mmekọahụ, bụ onye nwere a na-ede uri, na-eje ozi na-emesi ùgwù nke Felitsa.

Ya bụ, genre nke ode, kpamkpam lekwasịrị anya na isiokwu nke otuto, na-aghọ ndị na-ede uri na a enyi na enyi ozi, na n'ebe mmadụ abụọ n'akụkụ, na onye ọ bụla n'ime ha bụ ihe dị mkpa, ọ bụghị nanị ndị na-aga. N'ọbubu-eze Catherine II na-ede uri na-enwe ekele na nke ka nke mmesapụ aka, mfe, imeju ọchịchọ, nke ahụ bụ onye, n'àgwà ụmụ mmadụ.

"On ikwe Izmail"

Na nke a ode-egosi a ebube image nke ndị Russia, adọrọ adọrọ Turkish e wusiri ike. The ike nke ya tụnyere ndị agha nke uwa: ala ọma jijiji, oké osimiri oké ifufe, mgbawa ugwu. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị n'amaghi, ma bụ isiokwu uche nke Russian Ọkaakaa, chụpụrụ site a echiche nke iguzosi ike n'ihe na n'ala nna. The n'ike pụrụ iche nke a Russian agha na dum Russian ndị mmadụ, ya ike na ịdị ukwuu e gosiri na ọrụ a.

"Waterfall"

Na nke a ode, dere na 1791, tumadi ọ na-aghọ ihe oyiyi iyi, nke na-anọchi ndị impermanence nke ndụ, n'ụwa ama na mmadụ ịdị ukwuu. The prototype jere ozi dị ka Kivach nsụda mmiri, emi odude ke Karelia. Agba palette ngwaahịa ọgaranya dị iche iche shades na na agba. Ná mmalite ọ bụ nanị a nkọwa nke nsụda mmiri, ma mgbe ọnwụ nke Prince Potemkin (na-atụghị anya nwụrụ na ụzọ ya n'ụlọ, alọta a mmeri na Russian-Turkish agha) Gavrila Romanovich kwukwara a na foto nke siri ike nghọta ọdịnaya na nsụda mmiri ghọrọ embody na fragility nke ndụ ma na-etinye ihe na nkà ihe ọmụma reflections nke dị iche iche ụkpụrụ. Derzhavin A maara Prince Potemkin, na ike ime ya na mberede onwu.

Otú ọ dị, Gavrila Romanovich di anya n'ebe ata nti Potemkin. Na ode ọ na-emegide Rumyantsev - na nke ahụ bụ onye, dị ka na-ede akwụkwọ, a ezi dike. Rumyantsev bụ n'ezie Patriot ndị na-eche banyere ọdịmma nke mmadụ, ọ bụghị otuto onwe onye na akụ na ụba. Nke a dike ya ode n'ụzọ ihe atụ kwekọrọ na a jụụ iyi. Ụzụ waterfalls iche homely mma Suna osimiri na ya ebube na udo n'elu full mmiri doo anya. Ndị dị ka Rumyantsev, na-eji nwayọọ, na-enweghị nsogbu oge na mmiri ịgbọ agbọ agụụ mmekọahụ na-ebi ndụ ha, ike weghara ịma mma nke mbara igwe.

nkà ihe ọmụma e ji

Isiokwu Creativity Derzhavina anọgide nkà ihe ọmụma e ji. Ode "On the Death of Prince Meshchersky" (1779) e dere ya mgbe Paul ọnwụ nke onye-nketa, Prince Meshchersky. Na ọnwụ a kọwara n'ụzọ ihe atụ, ọ "na-amụcha scythe" na "-atakwa ikikere ezé." Agụ nke a ode, na mbụ ya ọbụna yiri ka nke a ụdị "ukwe" ọnwụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-agwụ na-abụghị ọgwụgwụ - Derzhavin kpọrọ anyị ka anyị jiri ndụ kpọrọ ihe dị ka "ozugbo onyinye si n'eluigwe" na-ebi ndụ ya nke ọma, na-anwụ anwụ na obi dị ọcha.

anacreontic lyrics

N'iṅomi edemede oge ochie dere ike nsụgharị nke ha poems Derzhavin kere ya miniature nke Russian echiche nke mba flavor, ndụ, kọwara Russian okike. Classicism na Derzhavina na-arụ ọrụ ebe a agbanweela a mgbanwe.

Translation Anacreon maka Gavrila Romanovich - ọ bụ ohere na-aga n'ime ala-eze nke uwa, nwoke na ndụ, nke enweghị ebe a na nlezianya classic uri. The oyiyi nke oge ochie a na-ede uri eleda ìhè na-ahụ n'anya ndụ, nnọọ dọtara Derzhavin.

Na 1804 a iche iche mbipụta nke "Anacreontic songs." Na okwu mmalite ọ na-akọwa ihe mere kpebiri ide "ìhè amaokwu": na-ede uri dere amaokwu ndị a na-eto eto, na bipụtara ugbu a n'ihi na hapụrụ ọrụ, ghọrọ a onwe onye na bụ ugbu a free na-ebipụta ihe ọ bụla ọ chọrọ.

mbubreyo lyrics

Site atụmatụ nke creativity Derzhavin na mgbe e mesịrị oge na-agụnye eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'oge a, ọ fọrọ obere akwụsị dee e ji na-emepụta a n'ụzọ dị ukwuu in-a me ọrụ. The uri "Eugene. Zvanskaya Life", dere na 1807, na-akọwa kwa ebe obibi ndụ nke ochie a ma ama bi na a dara oké ọnụ ime obodo ezinụlọ ala na ụlọ. Ndị nnyocha ahụ kwuru na ọrụ a e dere na nzaghachi ihe Elegy Zhukovsky "Anyasị" ma a polemic incipient Romanticism.

Site mbubreyo lyric Derzhavina iko na-arụ ọrụ "Ncheta" jupụtara na okwukwe na ebube nke nwoke na aka, nke isi ike, vicissitudes nke ndụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbanwe.

Uru ihe e kere eke Derzhavina bụ nnọọ nnukwu. Malitere Gavril Sergeyevich iso mgbanwe nke kpochapụwo iche nke Pushkin, na-eme n'ọdịnihu, na ndị ọzọ na Russian na-ede uri.