Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich: a obere biography, photos, nkà, eziokwu nke ndụ

Otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama na onu ogugu enwere ugbua na Russian omenala nke njedebe nke XVIII - n'oge XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ bụ Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Ọ bụ onye a ma ama, na dị ka a statesman na dị ka a na-ede uri, onye bụ na-ede akwụkwọ ndị kasị ama uri nke oge ya, imbued na mmụọ nke Enlightenment. Mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike ime nke ukwuu maka mmepe nke omenala obodo ya, dị ka Gabriel Derzhavin. Biography na-arụ ọrụ nke onye ukwu a, obi abụọ adịghị, kwesịrị zuru ezu ọmụmụ.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke

Ma tupu ị na-amalite na-amụta ihe ndị metụtara ndụ Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, ka nkenke anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ezinụlọ ya.

Family Derzhavins nwere Tatar mgbọrọgwụ. The nchoputa nke ụdị atụle Horde Murza Braga, sonyeere na XV narị afọ na-eje ozi nke Grand Duke nke Moscow Vasily II Ọchịchịrị , na e mere ya baptism site na aha Ilya. Nyere na ọhụrụ tọghatara bụ a Tatar nobleman, Prince nye ya n'usoro nke ama.

Anyị nwere nwa Brahim Narbekov na baptism akpọ Dimitri, nwa mbụ nke ụdị nke mere Narbekova, na site na ndị na-eto - Alexei Narbekova, a na-akpọ The Power nnọọ kpụrụ Derzhavins usoro ndị eze.

The ụmụ nke founders nke ụdị kpamkpam Russified, nke n'ụzọ kwadoro ọtụtụ di na nwunye na ndị nnọchiteanya nke na-Russian ama, were ịrịba ọnọdụ na ndị isi na ndị eze nke Russian ala. Karịsịa, ndị gọvanọ na-ejere. Ebe a na-dị nnọọ a na nkpuru nke ama ezinụlọ na bụ Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich.

nwata Derzhavin

Life Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina malitere July 3 (dị ka ochie ọgụgụ oge) 1743. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ na a mụrụ ya n'ime obodo nke Sokurov Kazan Province na ndị ezinụlọ a agha mara Roman Nikolaevich Derzhavin na Fokly Kozlova.

N'ihi ọdịdị nke ọrụ agha N. Roman ezinụlọ nwere na-akpali mgbe nile site na ebe ebe. Otú ọ dị, Gavriil Romanovich efu nna ya na 11 afọ.

N'ọdịnihu na-ede uri wee malite ịnata akwụkwọ na afọ asaa, mgbe e zigara ya na-amụ na ọbịa n'ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ịda ogbenye, nke akpọrepu ala ezinụlọ mgbe ọnwụ nke breadwinner, ịnọgide na-agụmakwụkwọ ha bụ nnọọ ike. O sina dị, 1759, Gabriel Derzhavin abịarute Kazan n'ụlọ akwụkwọ emega ụdị, nke ọma akwụkwọ na afọ atọ, na-egosipụta ụfọdụ ndị kasị mma mmụta esi. Otú ọ dị, a ya ọzụzụ na-agwụ. Ụdị agụmakwụkwọ Ọbụna n'ụbọchị ndị e weere elu ọnụ.

Ozugbo gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Gavriil Romanovich e kpọọrọ dị ka a onwe agha na-eche nche nke nnwogha. N'ebe ahụ, ọ malitere ide amaokwu mbụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke a unit ọ abuana ke a kuu ke 1762 kwatuo Emperor Peter III na ichi Catherine, mgbe e mesịrị kpọrọ Ukwu ahụ. Nke a bụ eziokwu bụ na ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu otú o ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọrụ.

A afọ iri gasịrị ka kuu Gabriel Derzhavin akpatre ọkọkpọhi n'usoro nke mara, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị na-akpa bipụtara ya poems. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-akwanyere ya ùgwù onwe ya na-alụso ndị nnupụisi nke Pugachev.

The ọha ọrụ

Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na ndị agha na 1777, ekele ya onwe-arịọ na a akwụkwọ ozi ka Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine, Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich-aga ọrụ Bekee. Ke adianade do, ọ natara ọzọ 300 ọrụ ugbo n'elu. Mgbe ọzọ ọnwa isii na-aghọ executioner na Sineti. Na 1780 ọ ghọrọ onye na ndụmọdụ na ọchịchị revenue na mmefu, nke bụ nnọọ ihe a uru ọnọdụ.

Nile ama dị ka a na-ede uri Derzhavin kpatarari 1782, na n'akwụkwọ nke ya ode "Felitsa" raara nye n'ito Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II. N'ezie, nke a na-arụ ọrụ ahụ jupụtara ire ụtọ kasị elu, ma n'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ nke ukwuu na nkà, na ozugbo mee ka n'ihu oru nke na-ede akwụkwọ. Ọ bụ ekele ya, o meriri ihu ọma nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Gabriel Derzhavin. Ya biography n'ọdịnihu mejupụtara Death ọrụ ọganihu. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ ghọrọ obodo kansulo.

Na 1783, ndị Academy e hiwere na St. Petersburg, na-ede uri kemgbe imeghe ya aghọwo a full so.

Otú ọ dị, anyị enweghị ike ikwu na ihe niile o nwere nnọọ were were na ọha mmadụ ozi. N'ihi a megidere a agadi isi Vyazemsky, mbụ ya nchebe, ọ lara ezumike nká Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Brief biography-eme ka ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-elekwasị anya niile ihe nke ikpe.

Otú ọ dị, ugbua na 1784 e zigara ya jikwaa Olonets region na Karelia. E Gavriil Romanovich gbatara oké ịdị uchu na oruru nke ọha ndụ na aku na uba nke na mpaghara, si otú na-egosi na ya elu nzukọ talent. Nke a oge nke ndụ na ala, chụpụrụ site na-ede uri, raara a ọkpụrụkpụ aru nke uri Derzhavin.

Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara o nyere a ọzọ uru ọnọdụ nke gọvanọ Tambov, sulivshuyu ọzọ ego na ihe ùgwù.

N'ọtụtụ kasị elu nke ọrụ

Ka ọ dịgodị, ihe ndị ọzọ ọrụ oji elu Derzhavin Gavriil. Na nkenke, na 1791, ọ bịara na odeakwụkwọ nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine, na afọ abụọ gasịrị na-akwalite ahụ n'usoro nke senator na mposi kansulo. Site ugbu a na anyị nwere ike n'enweghị ekwu na Derzhavin mere ya J.Randall nke Russian ọha mmadụ.

Na 1795 Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich mere mkpesa banyere aha nke President nke Commerce College - a ọha ikike, onye ọrụ bụ jikwaa na akara ahia. N'ezie, ọ bụ nnọọ uru ọnọdụ.

Mgbe Catherine ọnwụ, n'oge ọchịchị Paul m Gavriil Romanovich ghọrọ obodo àkù na-achị achị nke Sineti Chancellery. Mgbe Paul nọchiri Alexander m na 1802. Derzhavin nwetara a na-eje Pọtụfoliyo na-Minister nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi. Ọ bụ n'ọtụtụ kasị elu nke ya ozi ọrụ.

arụkwaghịm

Ma ugbua na 1803 na afọ iri isii afọ, Justice Minister resigns na mgbe laghachiri ọha ọrụ, ọ dịrị ndụ ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya na otu nke ya ala n'ime obodo Zvanka Novgorod n'ógbè. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe mere nke dugara eziokwu na ọ na-amanye na ịla ezumike nká Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Brief biography ahapụ dị nnọọ depụta ha, na-enweghị ikwu nkọwa. Nke a nká, na ike ọgwụgwụ nke na-ejere ọha nke Derzhavin, na isi ihe - ọchịchọ nke ya mwepụ site ọhụrụ ọkacha mmasị Alexander I.

Otú ọ dị, na ihe a mere, e nwere mma akụkụ: na arụkwaghịm nke Gavriil Romanovich kwere ka uche ọrụ odide.

The mbụ ọrụ

Creativity Gabriel Derzhavin bụ ihe atụ agwa maka ya oge. Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, ndị mbụ nke ya uri o dere, dị ka a onwe na Nche nnwogha. Otú ọ dị, nke a uri Derzhavin dere ọzọ na ya onwe ya karịa ka izugbe nyochaa.

Nke mbụ nke ya poems e bipụtara naanị afọ iri mgbe e mesịrị na 1773, mgbe Derzhavin ama ẹkenịmde otu ọfịsa ọnọdụ. Ma ebube nke ala larịị ya mere o mere ihe ode ka "Felitsa" raara nye All-Russian Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ jupụtara Ekele na otuto eze, ma n'otu oge ya mejupụtara na obi ụtọ dị nnọọ gịrịgịrị, na-arụrụ ọrụ na-atụ ode-etinye na a par na kasị ukwuu kere nke oge a uri ya.

Ọ bụ mgbe n'akwụkwọ nke "Felitsa" Derzhavin ghọọ otu n'ime ndị kasị ama na-ede uri nke Russia nke oge ya.

Ọzọkwa ọrụ

Siri eke nwere Gabriel Derzhavin. Facts nke ndụ ya na-egosi na ọbụna ndị kasị elu ogo ọchịchị posts, ọ na-echefu banyere uri. Oge a na-eme na-agụnye ide dị otú ahụ iconic ọrụ dị ka "Égbè Eluigwe mmeri peal," "Swan", "Chineke", "grandee", "Falls" na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ya Ntụpụta elo atụmatụ na mkpa isiokwu. Ka ihe atụ, "Égbè Eluigwe mmeri peal" ẹkenịmde na music na n'etiti XIX narị afọ e weere na unofficial ukwe nke Russia. Ọzọ e kere eke nke na-ede uri "mgbụsị akwụkwọ na nnọchibido nke Ochakov" a bụ ụdị abụ-a oku na-aga ihe megide ndị Ottoman agha. A ngwaahịa ndị dị ka "Swan" na "nsụda mmiri" e dere n'okpuru nduzi Derzhavina anọ Karelia.

Derzhavin dere poems ka a lyric na The Epic, iji na-azụ ndị mmụọ na mbuli elu nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu na Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Na nke ọ bụla ọrụ ya nwere ya pụrụ iche flavor.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị kasị ama ọrụ nke Gavriil Romanovich chronologically abịa dị nnọọ na oge nke ya kasị ukwuu ọrụ nkwalite na oru bekee.

Ọrụ odide mgbe ezumike nká

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, arụkwaghịm si ukara ọrụ ekwe Derzhavin itinyekwu oge uri na akwụkwọ n'ozuzu.

Na 1808 ọ nọ na-agbala a ọhụrụ mbipụta nke ọrụ ya na ise n'akụkụ.

Na 1811, ya na ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russian omenala ozi Aleksandrom Semenovichem Shishkovym lara ezumike nká na-emepụta a edemede ọha mmadụ. Ihe e kere eke nke a na nzukọ, na-otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị ga-abụ mpako nke Gabriel Derzhavin. Brief biography, dị mwute ikwu, asụchikwa akporo nke akụkọ na adịghị akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-eme nke ọha mmadụ.

Of otu ihe na-ama na-eme n'ọdịnihu nzute Derzhavin na oké Russian na-ede uri Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym. Otú ọ dị, mgbe Pushkin ka a na-amụrụ na enweghị ekele, ma Gavriil Romanovich, na-ewere udomo oro, ọbụna n'oge ahụ chọpụtara na ọ na-makings nke a amamihe. Nke a dị ịrịba ama nzute wee ebe a afọ tupu Derzhavin ọnwụ na 1815.

ezinụlọ

Gabriel Derzhavin lụrụ ugboro abụọ. The mbụ ọ lụrụ na afọ nke 35 afọ iri na isii Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, onye bu nwa-nwayi a valet wepụ Emperor Peter III, a mbụ Portuguese. N'ihi ya a iju maka Russian aha nna. The agbamakwụkwọ ada itie ke 1778. N'etiti nwunye lụrụ ọhụrụ ndị mara mma ihere mmetụta, nke bụghị ihe ijuanya, n'ịtụle àgwà Gavriil Romanovich na ịma mma Catherine Yakovlevna. Sịkwa Derzhavin kweere nwunye ya echiche na-akpali ya creativity.

Ma obi ụtọ bụ ebighị ebi, na Gabriel Derzhavin naagh a oké iru-újú. Ya-eto eto na nwunye, ịbụ naanị 34 afọ, akpa ke 1794. Ọ bụ na-ezu ike na Lazarev-eli ozu na St. Petersburg.

Ọ bụ ezie na Gavriil Romanovich uju maara dịghị ókè, n'ime ọnwa isii mgbe ọnwụ nke nwunye ya ọ lụrụ nke ugboro abụọ. Ya betrothed bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye-isi ikpe na ala kansulo Darya Alekseevna Dyakov. Mgbe oge nke alụmdi na nwunye ha na-alụ ọhụrụ bụ naanị 28 afọ, mgbe Derzhavin - '51. Ọ ga-kwuru na, n'adịghị ka ndị na-ede uri nke mbụ di na nwunye, nke a n'otu e wuru na ịhụnanya, ma na enyi na nkwanyerịta ùgwù. Darya Alekseevna ọbọhọ ya na di ya site dị ukwuu dị ka afọ 26, ma o sina dị na nke abụọ oge na nwunye adịghị pụta.

Children na Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina bụ, ma o weere nwa elekọta ya nwụrụ anwụ enyi Peter Lazarev, nke aha ya bụ Andrew, Alex na Michael. Nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha na-eme n'ọdịnihu ịghọ onye ọsụ ụzọ nke Antarctica.

ndị na-ede uri ọnwụ

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin akpa ya ala na ụlọ Zvanka, ebe o biri ndụ n'afọ ndị a nile mgbe arụkwaghịm si eje post. Ọ mere na iri asaa na atọ nke na-ede uri ndụ ya na July 8, (ochie style), 1816. Mgbe oge nke ọnwụ nke ya n'akụkụ bụ ya kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nwunye Darya Alekseevna.

Ma, e wezụga nwunye ya, ọnwụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a dị ike omenala-enye ìhè nke oge ya, N'ezie, na-eru újú a ịrịba akụkụ nke Russian intelligentsia na ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na, nakwa dị ka ndị na-dị nnọọ maara Gavriil Romanovich na maara ya dị ka a ọmịiko na magburu onwe onye.

Gabriel Derzhavin lie Nsọ Nnwogha Cathedral, bụ nke dị na-adịghị anya Novgorod.

The results nke ndụ na ketara

Kama mgbagwoju, ndị ọgaranya na ndị na-akpali ndụ biri Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Facts si ya biography egosi ịrịba ama ọrụ nke onye a na omenala ndụ nke mba ahụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme. Of otu dị mkpa bụ na ya nwere ọrụ na-Russian Alaeze Ukwu dị iche iche ọchịchị ọnọdụ. Ma ndị kasị mkpa ketara na ekpe Gabriel Derzhavin - bụ, n'ezie, ya amamiihe uri, kpọrọ ihe site na ya dịkọrọ ndụ dị ka a na-ede uri, na ụmụ.

Na ugbu a na Russia na-echeta na Shunem na mere Gavriil Romanovich na mmepe nke mba omenala. On ncheta nke oké na-ede uri bụ pụtara ìhè site na ọtụtụ ncheta, steles na mbadamba nkume ndị e setịpụrụ Derzhavin dị iche iche n'obodo nke Russia, akpan akpan, na Petrozavodsk, Kazan, St. Petersburg, Tambov, na, n'ezie, na ókèala ya manor Zvanka dị na Novgorod region ebe ọgụgụ nọrọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya. Ke adianade do, na nsọpụrụ nke Gabriel Derzhavin ọtụtụ obodo na-akpọ n'okporo ámá, n'ámá, izi oru na na na. D.

Apart ka ngosi nka-ala na ụlọ nke oké na-ede uri. Ọ bụ n'ụlọ a mgbe ọrụ n'ebe St. Petersburg bi Gabriel Derzhavin. Photos nke ala na ụlọ site Polish ubi na-dị n'okpuru.

Ugbu a, ụlọ a na-ewere isi ngosi nka raara nye ndụ na-arụ ọrụ Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina. Taa ha ọnọdụ mbụ ala na ụlọ enwetara naanị na 2003, ọ bụ ezie na mkpebi na oruru nke ihe ngosi nka e mere afọ ise tupu mgbe ahụ. Na aga afọ, e anyị na. Ugbu a, ụlọ, ime nke ndụ nke Derzhavin.

N'ezie, ebe nchekwa nke ihe dị otú ahụ pụtara ìhè dị ka Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, kwesịghị ịma nchefu na-agaghị echefu echefu na Russia agaghị.