Description Kalimantan

Island nke Borneo - bụ Indonesian akụkụ nke Borneo agwaetiti, bụ ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ (532 205 sq. Km) nke ya ngụkọta ebe (743,330 sq. Km). The udi nke agwaetiti nke Borneo, ya n'ókè, obodo atụmatụ na eke atụmatụ nke na-adọrọ mmasị ọtụtụ ndị njem. Nke a bụ ebe mmiri si n'akụkụ nile nke ụwa nwewa ọtụtụ ndị hụrụ anụ ọhịa.

Ebe bụ agwaetiti nke Borneo

Emi odude ke esịt nke Malay Archipelago, saa site anọ n'oké osimiri nile, Kalimantan accommodates dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na atọ kwuru, sị: Brunei, Malaysia na Indonesia, nke enyene kasị òkè nke ala ma ndị mejupụtara anọ anāchi achi, aha ya bụ dị na ndị ọzọ na-amụnye: Central, West, South, East. Malaysian akụkụ bụ 26% nke ngụkọta ebe na ekewa ekwu Sabak na Sarawak.

Gịnị bụ ogologo nke Kalimantan

Borneo, nke atọ kasị ibu n'ụwa site na ya size - nke a bụ n'ezie a fabulous ebe, mesmerizing mma nke anụ ọhịa na impenetrable okpomọkụ jungle, a dịgasị iche iche nke ibu, nnukwu osimiri, iche iche ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, ụfọdụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke na-hụrụ naanị ebe a. Site n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Kalimantan ogologo banyere 1,100 kilomita. E nwere ọtụtụ ịkọwa nke aha ya: "Earth mango", "Diamond River" na nsọpụrụ nke a obodo ebo - klemantanov. ogologo nke agwaetiti nke Borneo na kilomita, ya na ọnọdụ, n'ógbè na odidi nke mmasị ọtụtụ ndị njem na-nrọ-esi na mpaghara a na oké ọhịa.

Island History

The mbụ biri bụ onye bịara site na Africa, n'àgwàetiti Kalimantan n'ebe ahụ ruo ogologo oge - banyere 50 000 afọ gara aga. Site na narị afọ nke 15 Borneo ghọrọ akụkụ nke Indonesian alaeze nke Majapahit, n'ime akụkụ nke ọ bi site natives, na ọnụ ọnụ ebe ugwu nke ruo narị afọ 18 bụ ewu na afọ ndị ahụ na-Sultanate nke Brunei. Europe malitere inyocha n'ókèala Kalimantan na narị afọ nke 16 ma biri na ya ngwa ngwa; ọbụna Dutch tọrọ ntọala East India Company, nke bụ nzube nke mbupụ na chọtara ọhụrụ ala nke eke ego.

Mgbe e mesịrị, n'àgwàetiti Kalimantan (foto mmasị) bụ colonial onwunwe nke Netherlands, n'ikpeazụ ijide ya na narị afọ nke 19. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ e nwere site na Japanese. Independence nke Republic of Indonesia ghọtara na 1950.

A ntakịrị banyere Dayak

Kalimantan Island (foto doro anya na-egosi niile pristine mma nke ndị a kpokọtara ebe) na-nọ pụọ ngwa ngwa ịka mmepeanya. E nweghị oge ochie akụkọ ihe mere eme ncheta na-eme ntụrụndụ. The mbụ bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ndị na-Dayak, ma ọ bụghị kwuru na dị ka "bounty dinta" (na omenala nke na-eweta na ndị agha ya isi dike ọjọọ ebo). Ha jiri isi ike rube isi tọrọ ala site na narị afọ nke omenala. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị Aborigine bụ banyere otu nde ndị mmadụ, na ha bi site na iwu nke oké ọhịa, na ahia nta enwe na nnụnụ na-enyemaka nke oge ochie ngwá agha. O yighị ka ọ na ndabere nke n'afọ iri na ụma nke ndụ ha nwere mmasị ogologo nke agwaetiti Kalimantan km. Dayaks bi na ogologo obibi, na-akpọ lamins; na onye ọ bụla nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 50. Mpako maka ndị ya, bụ heroism na-ele ọbịa na-kwupụtara na omenala agba egwú - ịhụ bụ n'ezie pụrụ iche na-adọrọ mmasị.

Ngụkọta bi Kalimantan bụ banyere 10 nde mmadụ, ndị ọtụtụ n'ime ha bi osimiri mmiri na-emekwa ụfọdụ na cultivation ala. City bi dị ka ahia na dị iche iche crafts.

Kalimantan ógbè

Central Kalimantan - kasị ógbè nke agwaetiti bụ otu ebe 153564 square mita. kilomita. Ke akpa ilekiri, a ebe-egosi dị ka a siri ike impenetrable ọhịa ọhịa, mgbe ndịda nke ya - bụ moorland, jupụtara na nkume ukwuu nke osimiri, na n'ebe ugwu bụ ugwu ugwu. The kasị elu nke ha - Bukit Raya, na-eru 2278 mita n'ịdị elu na odude na ókè-ala Central na West Kalimantan. The kasị mara mma obodo nke agwaetiti a na-ewere Palancar, mbụ turu ime ka isi obodo nke Indonesia.

Southern Borneo (. 36985 square kilomita) - ọgaranya tụụrụ ógbè mara nnukwu n'ugbo ígwè na roba osisi na-ekewa massif Miratus abụọ akụkụ: ugwu ugwu na oké ọhịa mmiri na ala ala na ọtụtụ osimiri, ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ nke - Barito (ogologo 600 km). The isi obodo nke South Kalimantan bụ obodo Bandazharmasin ji ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri na-akpali obodo mepere emepe ije. The nnọchianya nke obodo bụ ụlọ alakụba Sabila Muhtadin, ama ogologo minarets. Ihe kasị anya na-dọtara ya pụrụ iche na-ese n'elu mmiri ahịa na osimiri bụ na-agwụ ike na osimiri ọwa. Odude nso Bandazharmasina diamond mines, ebe Ngwuputa a rụrụ bara nnukwu uru. Na Borneo na-emepe emepe ego nke diamonds na, na mmanụ mmepụta bụ ide nke aku na uba nke Indonesia na Brunei.

East Kalimantan-ekpuchi ebe ndị 194.849 square mita. km na nke abụọ kasị ukwuu nke agwaetiti ahụ bụ isi obodo nke Samarinda, bụ kasị azụmahịa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, emi odude ke Mahakam River Delta na ama ụlọ na stilts na rafts. Samarinda bụ ma ama n'ihi na ya crafts: ọla na nkume pel, kpara rattan bagatelles, ndị kasị mma akwa maka sarongs.

West Kalimantan

Western Borneo (146,807 sq. Km) bụ a thinned na mpaghara na-okpomọkụ na oke ohia na peat bogs. Ebe a, dị ka akụkụ ebe ndịda nke agwaetiti ahụ, e nwere ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke osimiri, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị mmiri juru nile n'afọ. Barito, Mahakam na Kapuas navigable ruo ọtụtụ narị kilomita. Site n'ụzọ, n'àgwàetiti e nwere abụọ Kapuas River, otu onye nke na-ewe ebe West Kalimantan na a na-ewere ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ osimiri na Indonesia (1040 km) na ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ osimiri na ụwa nke agwaetiti ahụ. Nke abụọ Kapuas 600 km ogologo bụ a tributary nke Barito na-aga n'ime akụkụ nke agwaetiti ahụ. The isi obodo nke West Kalimantan bụ a ala gbara osimiri okirikiri obodo Pantianak agafe ụwa akara. Adọrọ Mmasị kwesịrị uche nke ndị njem nleta bụ Abdurrahman alakụba, Sultan Obí Kadriarh, Museum nke ceramik na poselin, na City Museum na a na-adọrọ mmasị mejupụtara, raara ka omenala oge ochie dị iche iche.

E ji mara atụmatụ nke Kalimantan

Ọtụtụ n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba na-agbasasịkwa gburugburu agwaetiti ahụ, na-egosi ebube nke ebe okpomọkụ uwa, di iche iche na iche nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Flora Borneo ọgaranya na iche iche: mammals naanị ọkọnọ 222 umu, nke nke 44 na-jupụtara ejupụta. Ebe i nwere ike ịchọta oké apes, enyí, efe efe lemurs, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke umu nke ụsụ, agụ owuru, agụ iyi, nwere mpi abụọ enyí ọhịa. N'ọhịa e nwere nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nnụnụ - 600 umu. The kasị ama nke ha: Bird - rhino, okooko, Argus. The fauna nke ụmụ ahụhụ na ụmụ ahụhụ, dịkwa na erubeghị a n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-enyoba. Of osisi na-adịkwaghị pandanus, achara, ficus multicore, nke bụ a dum Grove, kpụrụ keikuku mgbọrọgwụ nke a osisi na ike iru a elu nke 15-30 mita.

Lush ọhịa na nnukwu osisi pulitere ka a elu nke otu na ọkara kilomita. Otu n'ime ha - na sandalwood na rasamala. The osisi nke ndị a na-anọchite anya nke osisi ụwa bụ nnọọ ihe bara uru na bụ ihe ndabere maka nkwadebe nke aromatic mkpa mmanụ, resins na balsams. The ọnụ ọnụ ugwu na-kpuchie na mbuaha ahihia ahịhịa juru na-ogwu nke osisi. Coast nke Kalimantan ukwuu n'ime ala mmiri na ala-na-agha ụgha, nwere obere ya ndò bays. N'ụsọ oké osimiri na-esetị intermittent ogologo mgbochi alaiyi.